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8/10/2019 Slide Kien truc may tinh

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Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni

Vin in T - Vin Thng

HaNoi, 18-5-2014


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Kin trc my tnh

Tm hiu khi ALU, so snh Carry Look-ahead v Ripple adder. Thit k mt module s hcthc hin tnh ton

GVHD: TS. Nguyn Tin Dng

SV thc hin:Phm Tun Anh

Nguyn Thnh LiH Minh Thnh

Lp: KSTN TVT - K55


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HaNoi University of Science and Technology School of Electronics and Telecommunications

Ni dung trnh by

1. Gii thiu v khi ALU

2. Cc php ton c bn thc hin trong khi ALU

3. So snh b cng CLA (Carry Look- ahead Adder) v Ripple Adder4. Thit k module thc hin php nhn chia s nh phn c du


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Gii thiu v khi ALU

ALU l mt trong nhng khi quan trng nht trong vi x l

ALU cha cc khi logic thc hin cc php tnh s hc v logic


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Gii thiu v khi ALU

Cu trc ca khi ALU:

- 2 cng IN: ly d

liu u vo (t BUS) cho

khi ALU. D liu ny c

lu trong hai thanh ghi m.

- 1 cng OUT: a

kt qu c x l bi ALU ra

ngoi (ra BUS).


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Gii thiu v khi ALU

ALU x l mt hay hai d liu u vo ty thuc vo lnh hay yu cu

iu khin.

V d:

- Khi thc hin lnh cng 2 s th ALU s s dng 2 u vo IN

a d liu vo.

- Khi thc hin cc lnh nh tng gi tr ca s no ln 1 th

ch cn mt u vo IN.


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Cc php ton c bn

Php cng, tr hai s c du:

- cng hai s c du, ta biu din hai s di dng

m b 2, cng cc bit v tr tng ng vi nhau. Kt qu thu c

b qua bit trn ta s c kt qu biu din di dng s b 2.- tr hai s c du, ta ly s b tr cng vi m b 2 ca s tr.

- V d: tnh 1510+ (-20)10; (20)10- (15)10;


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Cc php ton c bn

- Thit k b cng tr:


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Cc php ton c bn

Php nhn 2 s c du theo cch thng thng:

- a cc s v dng s khng m (tr tuyt i), sau thc

hin nhn vi nhau nh nhn 2 s khng du.

- Bit du ca kt qu c tnh ton ring.

- Nu hai tha s khc du, th kt qu ca php nhn khng

du phi c a v dng m b 2.


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Cc php ton c bn

S thut ton:


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Cc php ton c bn

V d: Tnh A *B vi A = 3 = 00112 B = (-4) = 11002

Chu trnh

C B

Hot ng

0000 1100 START, n =4

1 0000 1100 B0= 0

0000 0110 Dch phi shc C,B; n =32 0000 0110 B0= 0

0000 0011 Dch phi C, B; n =2

3 0011 0011 B0= 1, C C + A

0001 1001 Dch phi C, B; n = 1

4 1110 1001 B0= 1, n = 1, C C - A

1111 0100 Dch phi B, C; n =0

Kt qu: 1111 01002= (-12)10 STOP


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Cc php ton c bn

Php nhn 2 s c du s dng thut ton Booth:

= 2 2= = 2( ) + 2( 3) + . + 2( ) + ( 0)

t = + vi i = (-1, n-2) v = 0 = 2 2+ . + 2+ V ch nhn gi tr l 0 hoc 1 nn s nhn cc gi tr 0,1,-1

0 0 0

0 1 11

0

1

1 1 0

2 2

=

2

=


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Cc php ton c bn

S thut ton:


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Cc php ton c bn

V d: Tnh A *B vi A = 3 = 00112 B = (-4) = 11002

Chu trnh

C B B

-1

Hot ng

0000 1100 0 START, n = 4

1 0000 1100 0 B0B-1= 00

0000 0110 0 Dch phi C,B; n =32 0000 0110 0 B0B-1= 00

0000 0011 0 Dch phi C, B; n =2

3 1101 0011 0 B0B-1= 10, C C - A

1110 1001 1 Dch phi C, B; n = 1

4 1110 1001 1 B0B-1= 11

1111 0100 1 Dch phi B, C; n =0

Kt qu: 1111 01002= (-12)10 STOP


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Cc php ton c bn

Php chia 2 s c du theo

thut ton Booth:

- Thc cht l kt hp

ca php ton tr v php dch

tri s hc.- Kt qu thu c phi

xt n bit du.

- Nu SC v SBC cng

du, kt qu thu c l ng.

- Nu 2 s khc du thkt qu thu c l biu din

dng b 2


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Cc php ton c bn

V d: Tnh A *B vi A = 13 = 11012 B = (-4) Bb2=11002Chu trnh

C A

Hot ng

0000 1101 START, n =4

1 0001 1010 Dch tri shc

1101 1010 S(B) S(C) C = C + B0001 1010 S(C) S(C) A0= 0, phc hi, n=3

2 0011 0100 Dch tri shc

1111 0100 S(B) S(C) C = C + B

0011 1000 S(C) S(C) A0= 0, phc hi, n=2

3 0110 1000 Dch tri shc

0010 1000 S(B) S(C) C = C + B

0010 1001 S(C) = S(C) A0= 1, n=1


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Cc php ton c bn

Chu trnh

C A

Hot ng

4 0101 0010 Dch tri shc

0001 0010 S(B) S(C) C = C + B

0001 0011 S(C) = S(C) A0= 1, n=0STOP

- Du ca kt qu: 0 xor 1 = 1- Phn d (cha trong C): 0001

2

= 110

- Thng (cha trong A): 00112= 310


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B cng CLA v Ripple Adder

B cng Ripple Adder:

- B cng Ripple Adder c thc hin bng cch ghp ni tip

cc b cng full-adder (FA).


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B cng Ripple Adder:

- tr ln nht ca mi b cng l t bit nh input c0hoc

t 2 bit u vo x0v y0n bit nh output cout

- Bt k mt s thay i no ca c0 hoc x0v y0s lan truyn

v nh hng n ton b cc b FAs khc.


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B cng Carry-Look Ahead Adder:

- nh ngha cc bit nh pht sinh v nh lan truyn

gi= xiyi pi= xi yi- Cc bit nh s c tnh:

ci+1= gi+ pici

ci+2= gi+1+ pi+1ci+1= gi+1+ pi+1gi+ pi+1pici

ci+3= gi+2+ pi+2ci+2= gi+2+ pi+2gi+1+ pi+2pi+1gi+ pi+2pi+1pici

ci+4= gi+3+ pi+3ci+3= gi+3+ pi+3gi+2+ pi+3pi+2gi+1+ pi+3pi+2pi+1gi+ pi+3pi+2pi+1pici

Cc bit nh c tnh trc tip t bit nh input civ cc bin input

m khng c hin tng ripple nh trong b cng Ripple-Carry Adder


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T biu thc hm Bool trn ca cc bit nh, ta xy dng c b

CLA Generator


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S b cng CLA 4bit.


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So snh tr ca hai b cng:

CARRY CHAIN RIPPLE DELAY CLA

c

i

x

i

,y

i

) n ci+1

4.8 (9.0) 4.8 (9.0)

c

i

x

i

,y

i

) n ci+2 9.6 (13.8) 5.6 (9.8)c

i

x

i

,y

i

) n ci+3

14.4 (18.6) 6.4 (10.6)

c

i

x

i

,y

i

) n ci+4

19.2 (23.4) 4.8 (13.0)

c

i

x

i

,y

i

) n gi,i+3)

6.4 (10.6)

c

i

x

i

,y

i

) n pi,i+3)

3.2 (7.4)


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Thit k b ALU thc hin php nhn, chia s c du

Thc hin php nhn: da vo s thut ton ca thut ton Booth

- Hai tha s c lu tr trong hai thanh ghi n-bit A v B

- Kt qu c lu tr trong thanh ghi 2n-bit {C,B}

- S chu trnh thc hin l n chu trnh


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Thit k b ALU thc hin php nhn, chia s c du

Thc hin php chia:

- S chia c lutrong thanh ghi n-bit B

- S b chia c lutrong thanh ghi 2n-bit

{C,A}- Kt qu cui cng clu trong thanh ghi n-bit A- S d c lu trongthanh ghi n-bit C.

- S chu trnh thc hinl n chu trnh.


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Kt qu m phng

Cng c thc hin m phng:

- Phn mm Quartus: xy dng code m phng.

- KIT DE1_Altera: hin th kt qu m phng.

- S dng ngn ng m t phn cng Verilog

Thc hin m phng php ton vi s 4bit


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Kt qu m phng

Thng s hin th trn KIT DE1:

- S b chia (s nhn 1) c hin th trn led 7thanh 0 (m hexa)

- S b chia (s nhn 2) c hin th trn led 7thanh 1( m hexa)

- S d v thng (tch) c hin th trn 2 led 7thanh 2,3

- LEDG[0] = 1: php tnh thc hin xong

- LEDG[1] = 1: kt qu thu c ca php chia (led 7thanh 3) l

m b 2 ca n.

- LEDG[2] = 1: php chia khng hp l (chia cho 0)

- SW[9]: chn khi ALU thc hin php chia hoc nhn (bng 1

khi thc hin php chia, bng 0 khi thc hin php nhn).

- SW[8]: tn hiu reset

- SW [7:0] a gi tr u vo thc hin tnh ton


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Kt qu m phng


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Kt qu m phng

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