sleep & dreaming
DESCRIPTION
Sleep & Dreaming. Why do we sleep? Restorative vs Adaptive Hypotheses. effects of sleep deprivation. TED talks: why we sleep. circadian rhythms. Suprachiasmatic nucleus . Circadian Rhythms and the…. Entrained by zeitgebers - SCN controls timing of sleep, not sleep itself. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Sleep & DreamingWhy do we sleep?
Restorative vs Adaptive Hypotheses
effects of sleep deprivation
TED talks: why we sleep
circadian rhythms
Circadian Rhythms and the… Suprachiasmatic nucleus Entrained by zeitgebers - SCN controls timing of sleep, not sleep itself
SCN
Pineal Gland
melatonin
Retinal ganglion cells containing melanosporin respond to light
Retinohypothalmic pathway
Also regulated by on-off genesIn the SCN
Ultradian Rhythms
beta
SleepwalkingBedwettingnightterrors
sleepingwalking, nightterrors, bedwetting
REM and DreamingThe purpose of REM sleep
1. perchance to dream
2. promote neural development during childhood
3. memory consolidation
Non-REM sleep
The purpose of slow wave sleep
1. rest and restoration of the body
2. cool down the brain
3. restore cognitive function, prefrontal cortex recovery
Neuronal replay in hippocampus is highest duringnon-REM sleep
During REM, memory traces are transferred to cortexThis process may take 4-7 days to become permanent
sleep & memory
What puts us to sleep Key Concepts to know
The NT adenosine inhibits arousal in the basal forebrain
Adenosine warms cells in the preoptic area which helpsto induce sleep
Neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus inhibitactivitity of several structures in the pons
tuberomammilary nucleus, PPT/LDT, LC, raphe nucleus
Info from pons goes to the magnocellular n. (in the Medulla) to induce atonia
What wakes us up
Pathway 1: PPT/LDT stimulates structures in the ponsThese structures then send info to the cortexThis pathway also shifts EEG to the arousal state
Pathway 2: Pons structures (Locus coeruleus, raphe n., tuberomammilary n., ) and basal forebrain stimulate the cortex so it can better process input from the thalamus. The lateral hypothalamus stimulates the basal forebrain and pons structures. The LH does this by releasing the peptide orexin.
Key Concepts to know