Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders Basics of SleepBasics of Sleep

StagesStagesREM and NREM SleepREM and NREM Sleep

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

Two Major CategoriesTwo Major CategoriesDyssomniasDyssomnias

Problems with Amount, Quality, or Timing of SleepProblems with Amount, Quality, or Timing of Sleep

ParasomniasParasomnias Abnormal Behavior During SleepAbnormal Behavior During Sleep

InsomniaInsomnia

Persistent inability to fall or stay asleepPersistent inability to fall or stay asleep Trouble Initiating SleepTrouble Initiating Sleep Trouble Maintaining SleepTrouble Maintaining Sleep Have Nonrestorative SleepHave Nonrestorative Sleep Most Common Sleep DisorderMost Common Sleep Disorder Primary vs. SecondaryPrimary vs. Secondary

InsomniaInsomnia

Causes?Causes?Medical ProblemsMedical ProblemsStress and Trying to SleepStress and Trying to SleepUnrealistic Views About SleepUnrealistic Views About SleepDrug Use and Poor Sleep HygieneDrug Use and Poor Sleep HygieneUse of Sleep MedicationsUse of Sleep MedicationsCircadian Rhythm DisruptionCircadian Rhythm Disruption

HypersomniaHypersomnia

Sleeping Too MuchSleeping Too Much Excessive SleepinessExcessive Sleepiness Appear to Have Enough SleepAppear to Have Enough Sleep Person Experiences It as a ProblemPerson Experiences It as a Problem Little Is Known about CausesLittle Is Known about Causes Appears to Run in FamiliesAppears to Run in Families Connection to DepressionConnection to Depression

NarcolepsyNarcolepsy

““Sleep Attack”Sleep Attack” Excessive Sleepiness & CataplexyExcessive Sleepiness & Cataplexy Go Right into REMGo Right into REM Triggered by Strong EmotionTriggered by Strong Emotion

Sleep ApneaSleep Apnea

Repeatedly Stop Breathing While AsleepRepeatedly Stop Breathing While Asleep Evidenced by Snoring and Night SweatsEvidenced by Snoring and Night Sweats Person Often Unaware of ProblemPerson Often Unaware of Problem Types of Sleep ApneaTypes of Sleep Apnea

ObstructiveObstructiveCentralCentralMixedMixed

Medical Interventions Medical Interventions for Dyssomniasfor Dyssomnias InsomniaInsomnia

Benzodiazepines and over-the-counter sleep medicationsBenzodiazepines and over-the-counter sleep medications Prolonged use can cause rebound insomnia, dependenceProlonged use can cause rebound insomnia, dependence Best as short-term solution Best as short-term solution

Hypersomnia and NarcolepsyHypersomnia and Narcolepsy Stimulants (i.e., Ritalin) Stimulants (i.e., Ritalin) Cataplexy is usually treated with antidepressantsCataplexy is usually treated with antidepressants

Breathing-Related Sleep DisordersBreathing-Related Sleep Disorders May include medications, weight loss, or mechanical May include medications, weight loss, or mechanical

devices devices

Psychological Interventions Psychological Interventions for Dyssomniasfor Dyssomnias Cognitive-Behavioral TreatmentsCognitive-Behavioral Treatments

Modifying Timing of SleepModifying Timing of Sleep Phase Advances and DelaysPhase Advances and Delays

Improving Sleep HygieneImproving Sleep Hygiene Bedroom for sleepBedroom for sleep Regular bedtime routineRegular bedtime routine

Address Beliefs About SleepAddress Beliefs About SleepStress and Relaxation TrainingStress and Relaxation Training

ParasomniasParasomnias

Problem not with sleep, but events during Problem not with sleep, but events during sleepsleep

During REMDuring REM Nightmare DisorderNightmare Disorder

During NREMDuring NREM Sleep Terror DisorderSleep Terror Disorder SomnabulismSomnabulism

Nocturnal eating syndromeNocturnal eating syndrome

Other Sleep Related ProblemsOther Sleep Related Problems

Hypnagogic HallucinationsHypnagogic Hallucinations Sleep Paralysis Sleep Paralysis Periodic Limb Movement DisorderPeriodic Limb Movement Disorder Restless Leg SyndromeRestless Leg Syndrome