skin disesae

The SKIN DISEASE

By Dr .safia A. AL-rezami.

Dr .safia A. AL-rezami.

The SkinThe skin consist of 4layers

1-epidermis layer of stratified sqamous

keratinized Epi .T

2-the dermis; layer of C.T

3-subcutaneous tissue; layer loose C.T may

contain adipose tissue

4-muscle Dr .safia A. AL-rezami.

THE FUNCTION

•1-protection •2-receptor organ

.i3 -give nice shape of body.


Subject ;

.I1-Scabies

2-lmpetigo -

3-Smallpox

4-pityriasis versicolor

5-Anthrax


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Smallpox.jpg

Scabies

Scabies


SCABIES

Scabies also known as "the itch" is an

intensely itching rash caused by a tiny mite

(bug) that lives in the skin. A very small, hard

to see, zigzag blister usually marks the trail of

the insect as she lays her eggs

Definition:


Scabies

•Scabies is very contagious and is usually • spread by: shaking hands close contact,

usually starting at the wrist caused b . holding hands with a person who has , scabies. close contact with infected ,

clothing, bedding .–personal contact.

Transmission


http://www.healthy-skin-guide.com/pictures-of-scabies.html

Scabies

1- intense itching especially at night

2- red rash can occur at the area that has been scratched.

3- Skin may become crusty or scaly

Scabies usually begins in the body's folds such as:

between the fingers

Elbows

Symptoms


Scabies

Also in:

inner thighs.

skin under rings, bracelets or watch bands

Wrist .

*Children usually have more itching on the

palms of hands

soles of feet


Scabies





Scabies

When large areas of the body, hands and feet are scaly and crusted the disease is called crusted scabies where symptoms are far more severe than usual. These crusts hide thousands of live mites and eggs , making treatment difficult.

This type of scabies occurs mostly among the elderly and in AIDS patients . .

Complications


http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std/aids.htm


Scabies

1-Microscope Test

The most common test involves the suspected area being mixed with sterile , mineral oil and the scrapings viewed . under a microscope to detect scabies mites, eggs and/or feces.

Diagnosis



Scabies

2-Ink Test An ink test is where a blue or black felt- tipped pen is applied to the suspected ,areas. After the skin is cleaned mite , burrows can be located if the ink sinks into them.



Scabies Prompt action is required as scabies is very hard to eradicate once infected.

Currently three main types of solutions are used for scabies All are applied to the e whole body except the head and neck, and all whole family should be

1-Permethrin

Used because of its relative safety and low irritant quality. ,

Treatment



Scabies

2-Benzyl benzoate emulsion

Is washed off after 24 hours and repeated 2 or 3 times .

Has to be diluted in 2 to 3 times more water in infants or young children the solution to help reduce skin irritation .



Scabies3-Malathion Brand Names: Ovide

Is washed off after 24 hours Kills the mites but their bodies remain in the skin causing the itch to persist until our r own natural defense systems break down n and remove what is left of the mites which takes about 2 weeks

The itch continues for about 2 weeks after the treatment.



Scabies

4-Sulfur

Has been used since Roman times (6-10% in lotion or cream) .

Some people have an allergic reaction treated .

For young children with scabies

A medicated cream such as Elimite.



Scabies

Method

Apply a thin layer of cream from the neck down avoiding the face and scalp before going to bed

The cream should be applied between the fingers and toes and beneath the tips of the fingernails (the eggs may be under the nails due to scratching , Wash off with soap and water 8-12 hours later



Scabies

Do not treat scabies with :

hard soaps

home remedi i

Kerosene



–

Impetigo

What is impetigo?

Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection. It is often called school sores because it most often affects children. It is quite contagious.

What is the cause of impetigo? While the bacteria causing impetigo may have been caught from someone else with impetigo or boils, impetigo usually begins out of the blue without any apparent source of infection.


http://dermnetnz.org/bacterial/index.html


Impetigo presents with pustules and round, oozing patches which grow larger day by day. There may be clear blisters (bullous impetigo) or golden yellow crusts. It most often occurs on exposed areas such as the hands and face, or in skin folds particularly the armpits

Impetigo

What does it look like?


Impetigo


• Natural treatments such as Dermisil-I can safely and effectively eliminate Impetigo.

• Antibiotics taken by mouth usually clear up impetigo in four or five days. It's important for the antibiotic to be taken faithfully until the prescribed supply is completely used up.

• An antibiotic ointment, such as Polysporin, should be applied thinly four times daily. Polysporin can be purchased without a prescription.

• Crusts should be removed before the ointment is applied. Soak a soft, clean cloth in a mixture of one-half cup of white vinegar and a quart of lukewarm water. Press this cloth on the crusts for 10-15 minutes three or four times daily. Then gently wipe off the crusts and apply a little antibiotic ointment.

• You can stop soaking the impetigo when crusts no longer form. When the skin is healed, stop the antibiotic ointment

Impetigo

.Treatment


http://images.ultracart.com/aff/E8EB70AE3269C5011229896B4E098300/index.html

• Impetigo is contagious when there is crusting or oozing. While it's contagious, take the following precautions: • Patients should avoid close contact with other people. • Children should be kept home from school until the lesions crust

over. • Use separate towels for the patient. The patient's towels,

pillowcases, and sheets should be changed after the first day of treatment. His or her clothing should be changed and laundered daily for the first two days.

• Usually the contagious period ends within two days after treatment starts. If the impetigo doesn't heal in one week, please return for another evaluation.

Impetigo

Precautions


The name, smallpox is derived from the latin

word for ((SPOTTED)) and is regaered from

serious and spreaded disease and refers to the

raised bumps that appear on the face and limes

and trunk and then all of body of an infected

person.

smallpox



c

It is casused by VARIOLA VARUSES. There are

two types:

Variola major (fatality rate varying from 10-50 %)

which causes a severe from of the disease.

Variola minor (fatality rate less than 1%) which

causes mild disease called * alastrim*.

Cause



p

The virus by inhalation of

infected particles (crusts )

from a patientdirectly or

from patient formites

indirectly __ lymph node___

blood , then the virus

localized in the skin . the incubation period are 12-14 days .

pathognesis



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Smallpox.jpg

pathognesis

followed by fever and appearance of rash and

turning to vesicles to pustules and forming

crusts.All stages of the rash are infectious as well

as respiratory discharges and saliva. Death may

present.



-Backache.

-Delirium.

-Diarrhea , Severe headache.

-Excessive bleeding.

-Vomiting ,Fatigue.

-High fever.

-Malaise .

-Raised pink rash -- turns into sores that become crusty on day 8 or 9 .

Symptomes


http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000740.htm



Possible complication

-Arthritis and bone infections wellig

)encephalitis.(

-Brain swelling) encephalitis.(

-Death .

-Eye infections, Scarring .

-Pneumonia .

-Severe bleeding .

-Skin infections (from the sores) .Dr .safia A. AL-rezami.





d

1 -material collected from the skin lesion is used

to:

*Detection of virus by electron microscopy *Detection of viral antigen by immunofluorescence

*Isolation of the virus using chick embryo or tissue culture

*PCR

diagnosis



BackExams and Tests

Tests include:

DIC panel

Platelet count

White blood cell count





Treatment

there are no drug to used for

treatment of smallpox but occur

some vaccin:

Vaccination



Calf lymph vaccine

This is prepared by inoculation of vaccinia virus

(naturally attenuated for man ) when vesicles

appear the fluid is collected from the resulting

vesicles and after addition of 40%glycerol

and .,4% phenol (to prevent bacterial

contamination ) the vaccine ready for use .Dr .safia A. AL-rezami.


Asymptomatic superficial infwction of the skin characterized by macular lesions of different coloration .

pityriasis versicolor

Definition:

Causative fungus. A Dimorphic fungus known as Pityrospon.m orbicular» in iLS yeast-like form (saproph}'tic stage, present on normal skin) and as Mal ass erla furfur when it forms hyphae (pathogenic stage. causing pityriasis versicolor lesions

Etiology:

Superficial candidiasis infections are limited to the skin and mucous membranes Dr .safia A. AL-rezami.

• Humid warm climate• Genetic predisposition• Pregnancy .

pityriasis versicolorPredisposing factors:

Age. Mainly adults .Sex. More in males than females.Symptoms. Asymptomatic. Site. Mainly on the trunk It may extend to the neck. arms, forearms and the face. The axillae may be affected and the scalp causing line scaling (dandruff(

Clinical picture:


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P_versicolorklein.jpg

• Lesion Macules which may he confluent together forming patches. Their color varies in the same individual and in different patients. It may be brownish -yellow. Erythematous or hypo pigmented covered with fine scales. The scales are better seen on gentle scraping of the lesion with a glass-slide.

pityriasis versicolor

wood's light examination. It gives a golden yellow fluorescence Mycological examination of skin scraping. Direct microscopic examination or KOH prcpararion. Ccllotupe stripping, stained with parker Quink blue /black ink Both reveal budding spores . and short thick hyphae (Spores and meat ball appearance). Culture is difficult and is not necessary as the previous methods are

satisfactory

Special Diagnostic methods :


Topical treatment- The previously mentioned antifungals. - Aqueous solution of sodium thiosulfate 25%. - Sclinium sulfide suspension applied to the affected area and left for 10 minutes then washed. - Kctoconazole in the form or a shampoo applied on the scalp and body, to be washed after few minutes.

Systemic treatment :

Treatment

Rarely needed, may he used in extensive cases. - Kcroconazole. - Treasures: luaconazole and fluconazolc.

Ultraviolet rays (UVB)

. Can be used in cases of post-inflamrnatory -hypo pigmentation to enhance repigmentation of the skin Dr .safia A. AL-rezami.

Anthrax

Anthrax is an acute disease caused by the

bacteria Bacillus anthracis. Most forms of the

disease are lethal, and it affects both humans

and other animals. There are effective vaccines

against anthrax, and some forms of the disease

respond well to antibiotic treatmentDr .safia A. AL-rezami.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_(medical)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_anthracis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_anthracis


AnthraxWhat are the types of anthrax infection? Anthrax infection can occur in three forms : cutaneous (skin), inhalation, and . gastrointestinal l

Cutaneous anthraxf: Most (about 95%) anthrax infections occur when the bacterium enters a cut or abrasion on the skin, such as when handling contaminated wool, hides, leather or hair products (especially goat hair) of.



Anthrax

infected animals. Skin infection begins as a raised itchy bump that resembles an insect bite but within 1-2 days develops into a vesicle and then a painless ulcer, usually 1-3 cm in diameter, with a characteristic black necrotic (dying) area in the center. Lymph glands in the adjacent area may. swell. About 20% of untreated cases of cutaneous anthrax will result in death. Deaths are rare with appropriate antimicrobial therapy.



Anthrax

What are the symptoms for anthrax? These symptoms can occur within 7 days of Infection :

*Fever (temperature greater than 100 degrees F The fever may be accompanied by chills or night sweats.

*Flu-like symptoms

*Cough, usually a non-productive cough, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, muscle ache .Dr .safia A. AL-rezami.


Anthrax

*Sore throat, followed by difficulty swallowing, enlarged lymph nodes, headache, nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal distress, vomiting, or diarrhea .

*A sore, especially on your face, arms or hands, that starts as a raised bump and develops into a painless ulcer with a black area in the center



Anthrax• Is anthrax contagious? .

No. Anthrax is not contagious; the illness cannot be transmitted from perAnthrax .

• Treatment . • The preferred way to treat anthrax is with antibiotics.

The goal of antibiotics is to destroy the infection and prevent complications and death .

•Many antibiotics are effective against B anthracis and include the followingson to person.



Anthrax

Doxycycline (Vibramycin ) PenicillinAmoxicillin (Trimox, Amoxil, Biomox) Ampicillin (Marcillin, Omnipen, Polycillin

Principen, Totacillin) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Levofloxacin (Levaquin) Gatifloxacin (Tequin) Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) Dr .safia A. AL-rezami.

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=101867











Anthrax

Day 4


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Anthrax_PHIL_2033.png

THE END

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skin disesae

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