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Skeletal System 206 Total Bones

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Page 1: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Skeletal System

206 Total Bones

Page 2: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Cranium

Mandible

Sternum

Rib

Vertebral Column

Pelvis

Sacrum

Coccyx

Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

Ulna

Radius

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

FemurPatella

Tibia

Fibula

Tarsals

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Page 3: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Skeletal System Information

Appendicular

System

126 bones

Axial System

80 bones

Page 4: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Functions of the Skeletal System

• Framework of the body

• Supports and protects the internal organs

• Facilitates Movement

• Mineral storage: calcium and phosphorus

• Hematopoiesis: Formation of blood

Page 5: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Interesting Bone Facts

• The longest bone in your body is the bone above your knee, the thighbone.

• Your funny bone isn’t a bone at all.

• When you were born, you had more than 300 bones. By the time you stop growing, you’ll have 206.

• Your bones are living. They grow as you get older.

Page 6: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Examples of each type of bone

• Long bone• Femur, tibia,

fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, clavicle

• Short bones• Carpals,

tarsals, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges

• Flat Bones• Cranial Bones,

Facial Bones, Scapula, Sternum

• Irregular bone• Vertebrae,

Ribs, Ear, Hip, Hyoid

Page 7: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Classification of Bones on Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shapethe Basis of Shape

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 5.1

Page 8: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Types of Bones

• Long Bone • Short Bone

• Flat Bone • Irregular Bone

Head – Body - Head As wide as they are long

Provides Protectionbones which do not fall into

any other category

Page 9: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Types Of JointsPivot Hinge

Ball & Socket Gliding

Top of the neck

Shoulder/Hip

Elbow/Knee

Intercarpal joints

Page 10: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Connective Tissues

• Cartilage –• Allows joints to move easily,

cushions bones, and supports soft tissue

• Ligament – • Hold bones in place at the joints

• Tendon – • Joins muscle to muscle or muscle to bone

Page 11: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Vertebral Column

• Cervical Vertebrae (7)

• Thoracic Vertebrae (12)

• Lumbar Vertebrae (5)

• Sacrum

• Coccyx

Page 13: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Types of Fractures

Fractures are often classified according to the position of the bone ends after the break:

Page 14: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Open FractureBone ends penetrate the skin

Page 15: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Closed Fracture

A Fracture that does not break the skin

Page 16: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Greenstick Fracture

Only one side of the bone is broken, mostly seen in children

Page 17: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Transverse Fracture

Break at a right angle and caused by direct traumatic injury

Page 18: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Spiral FractureBone broke because of a twisting type motion

Sports injury or abuse injury.

Page 19: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Oblique Fracture

Rarest form of fractures, the break is at an angle.

Page 20: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Conditions of the Skeletal System

Osteoporosis

Bones become fragile and more likely to break

Osteoarthritis

Joint disorder where the cartilage is wearing away

Page 21: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Osteomalacia & Rickets

• Osteomalacia– Literally “soft bones.”– Causes can include insufficient

dietary calcium , vitamin D or exposure to sun light.

• Rickets– Children's form of

osteomalacia– More detrimental due to the

fact that their bones are still growing.

– Signs include bowed legs, and deformities of the pelvis, ribs, and skull.

Page 22: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Osteomyelitis

• Osteomyelitis– Osteo=bone + myelo=marrow +

itis=inflammation.– Caused by pus-forming bacteria

that enter the body via a wound or migrate from a nearby infection.

– Fatal before the advent of antibiotics.

Page 23: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Osteoporosis

– Often seen in postmenopausal women because they experience a rapid decline in estrogen secretion;

Page 24: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Clinical conditions

• Gigantism– Childhood hypersecretion

of growth hormone by the pituitary gland causes excessive growth.

• Acromegaly – Adulthood hypersecretion

of GH causes overgrowth of bony areas still responsive to GH such as the bones of the face, feet, and hands.

• Pituitary dwarfism– GH deficiency in children

resulting in extremely short long bones and maximum stature of 4 feet.

Page 25: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Rickets

• Rickets is the softening and weakening of bones in children, usually because of an extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency.

• Some skeletal deformities caused by rickets may need corrective surgery.

Page 26: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Arthritis

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term disease that leads to inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues

Page 27: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals
Page 28: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Gouty arthritis

• Gout is a disease that results from an overload of uric acid in the body. Chronic gout can also lead to deposits of hard lumps of uric acid in and around the joints and may cause joint destruction, decreased kidney function, and kidney stones.

Page 29: Skeletal System 206 Total Bones. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals

Pharmacology

• Bisphosphonates: used to treat/prevent osteoporosis. Examples: Fosamax, Boniva

• NSAIDS (Non-Steriodal Anti-inflammatory Drugs): used to treat inflammation and pain from arthritis. Examples: Ibuprofen, Naproxen