skeletal system 206 total bones. cranium mandible sternum rib vertebral column pelvis sacrum coccyx...
TRANSCRIPT
Skeletal System
206 Total Bones
Cranium
Mandible
Sternum
Rib
Vertebral Column
Pelvis
Sacrum
Coccyx
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
FemurPatella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Skeletal System Information
Appendicular
System
126 bones
Axial System
80 bones
Functions of the Skeletal System
• Framework of the body
• Supports and protects the internal organs
• Facilitates Movement
• Mineral storage: calcium and phosphorus
• Hematopoiesis: Formation of blood
Interesting Bone Facts
• The longest bone in your body is the bone above your knee, the thighbone.
• Your funny bone isn’t a bone at all.
• When you were born, you had more than 300 bones. By the time you stop growing, you’ll have 206.
• Your bones are living. They grow as you get older.
Examples of each type of bone
• Long bone• Femur, tibia,
fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, clavicle
• Short bones• Carpals,
tarsals, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges
• Flat Bones• Cranial Bones,
Facial Bones, Scapula, Sternum
• Irregular bone• Vertebrae,
Ribs, Ear, Hip, Hyoid
Classification of Bones on Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shapethe Basis of Shape
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.1
Types of Bones
• Long Bone • Short Bone
• Flat Bone • Irregular Bone
Head – Body - Head As wide as they are long
Provides Protectionbones which do not fall into
any other category
Types Of JointsPivot Hinge
Ball & Socket Gliding
Top of the neck
Shoulder/Hip
Elbow/Knee
Intercarpal joints
Connective Tissues
• Cartilage –• Allows joints to move easily,
cushions bones, and supports soft tissue
• Ligament – • Hold bones in place at the joints
• Tendon – • Joins muscle to muscle or muscle to bone
Vertebral Column
• Cervical Vertebrae (7)
• Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
• Lumbar Vertebrae (5)
• Sacrum
• Coccyx
Sinal Cavities
Types of Fractures
Fractures are often classified according to the position of the bone ends after the break:
Open FractureBone ends penetrate the skin
Closed Fracture
A Fracture that does not break the skin
Greenstick Fracture
Only one side of the bone is broken, mostly seen in children
Transverse Fracture
Break at a right angle and caused by direct traumatic injury
Spiral FractureBone broke because of a twisting type motion
Sports injury or abuse injury.
Oblique Fracture
Rarest form of fractures, the break is at an angle.
Conditions of the Skeletal System
Osteoporosis
Bones become fragile and more likely to break
Osteoarthritis
Joint disorder where the cartilage is wearing away
Osteomalacia & Rickets
• Osteomalacia– Literally “soft bones.”– Causes can include insufficient
dietary calcium , vitamin D or exposure to sun light.
• Rickets– Children's form of
osteomalacia– More detrimental due to the
fact that their bones are still growing.
– Signs include bowed legs, and deformities of the pelvis, ribs, and skull.
Osteomyelitis
• Osteomyelitis– Osteo=bone + myelo=marrow +
itis=inflammation.– Caused by pus-forming bacteria
that enter the body via a wound or migrate from a nearby infection.
– Fatal before the advent of antibiotics.
Osteoporosis
– Often seen in postmenopausal women because they experience a rapid decline in estrogen secretion;
Clinical conditions
• Gigantism– Childhood hypersecretion
of growth hormone by the pituitary gland causes excessive growth.
• Acromegaly – Adulthood hypersecretion
of GH causes overgrowth of bony areas still responsive to GH such as the bones of the face, feet, and hands.
• Pituitary dwarfism– GH deficiency in children
resulting in extremely short long bones and maximum stature of 4 feet.
Rickets
• Rickets is the softening and weakening of bones in children, usually because of an extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency.
• Some skeletal deformities caused by rickets may need corrective surgery.
Arthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term disease that leads to inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues
Gouty arthritis
• Gout is a disease that results from an overload of uric acid in the body. Chronic gout can also lead to deposits of hard lumps of uric acid in and around the joints and may cause joint destruction, decreased kidney function, and kidney stones.
Pharmacology
• Bisphosphonates: used to treat/prevent osteoporosis. Examples: Fosamax, Boniva
• NSAIDS (Non-Steriodal Anti-inflammatory Drugs): used to treat inflammation and pain from arthritis. Examples: Ibuprofen, Naproxen