six channel fire monitoring & control
TRANSCRIPT
SIX CHANNEL FIRE MONITORING & CONTROL STATION
BY:
TITLY CHATTERJEE
ANITA BISWAS
RAMESH CHATTERJEE
SNEHASISH SEN
ARIJIT PAL
CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
LM35
ADC 0804
OPAMP 741
SMOKE DETECTOR
LIGHT DETECTOR
PROPOSED PROSPECTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The main objective of this presentation is to obtain first-hand
knowledge on how Control station works and how it can be applied to the main work field of Engineering and Technology.
It is our heartiest gratitude to respected SMT. JAYITA DUTTA, faculty and guide through-out this project work for her professional guidance, advice, motivation, endurance and encouragements during her supervision period. The present work would have never been possible without her vital supports and valuable assistance.
Needless to mention that she has rendered her whole -hearted support and help to make this project a success.
It is only because of her and our all-out effort that we could draw up to this extent in such a field of excellence in the present days of Science and Technology.
INTRODUCTION Modern Industrial plants are always at the risk of fire since lot of toxin
inflammable gases are often present, the temperature is also high. These are normally unmanned machinery space. Supervisory rooms are always away from the actual plant. All light fixtures are explosion proof.
Some sensing devices are placed at certain places where chances of possible explosion and danger persists.
The sensing elements provide an alarm for certain barrier conditions when it exceeds certain desired set values. Mainly temperature fire smoke sensor are used in the circuit to obtain a precautionary measure from any sort of casualties what so ever may pose due to out burst certain flames.
To sense fire:
Even a small short circuit or lighting an agarbatti may result to buzzing the alarm:
Fire can be sensed by:1. Temperature2. Light3. smoke
• All these three things are to be sensed to sense a fire.
• To sense a fire we need a high range of heat, smoke and light.
• Not easy to depict in our project.• Range are minimized.
TEMPERATURE SENSORDevice used to measure temperature of medium:• Contact sensor Thermocouple Thermistor RTDs
• Non-contact sensor Pyrometer
LM 35 Mostly in use
Features: Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade) Linear + 10.0 mV/°C scale factor 0.5°C accuracy observed (at +25°C) Rated for full −55° to +150°C range Suitable for remote applications Low cost due to wafer-level trimming Operates from 4 to 30 volts Less than 60 μA current drain Low self-heating, 0.08°C in still air Nonlinearity only ±1⁄4°C typical Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load
Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors
An experiment showing the Linear characteristics of LM 35
1. Here we have taken the IC of LM 35on a bread board and given a power supply. 2. The output of IC is observed using a voltmeter.3. The heat is given to the IC with a soldering iron.4. We have assumed the temperature while implementing in practical.
Time (min)
Temp (◦C)
Voltage (volt)
2 28 0.028
4 30 0.030
6 32 0.032
8 35 0.035
10 38 0.038
12 40 0.040
14 42 0.042
LINEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF LM 35
ADC 0804
Features: 80C48 and 80C80/85 Bus Compatible - No
Interfacing logic required Conversion Time < 100μs Easy Interface to Most Microprocessors Will Operate in a “Stand Alone” Mode Differential Analog Voltage Inputs Works with Band gap Voltage References TTL Compatible Inputs and Outputs On-Chip Clock Generator Analog Voltage Input Range (Single + 5V Supply) 0V to 5V No Zero-Adjust Required 80C48 and 80C80/85 Bus Compatible - No
Interfacing Logic Required
ADC 0804
Pin number Output voltage
11 2.56 v
12 2.56v
13 2.31v
14 2.55v
15 2.56v
16 2.56v
17 2.55v
18 2.79v
0P-AMP 741
o Input bias current is about 80 nAo Input offset current is about 10 nAo Input impedance is about 2 Megohmso Common mode voltage should be within +/-12V
for +/-15V supplyo Output impedance is about 75 ohms.o Voltage gain rolls off 6dB per octave starting at
100kHz.o finite input offset o input offset is typically 2mV to <6mV.o slew rate is 0.5V/microsecond.
SMOKE DETECTORS:
Detects smoke typically as an indicator of fire. Most smoke detectors work by optical detection (photoelectric) physical process (ionization), both detection methods to increase sensitivity to smoke. Sensitive alarms are used to detect and determine in banned places. usually powered by a central fire alarm system
TYPES OF SMOKE DETECTORS:1. Optical smoke detector2. Ionization smoke detector3. Photoelectric Smoke Detector 4. Photoelectric Light Scattering Smoke Detector5. Photoelectric Light Obscuration Smoke Detector
LIGHT DETECTOR:o Device that is used to detect light.o Photocell is a small sensor that changes its resistance when light shines on ito A charged coupled device (CCD) transports electrically charged signals, and is
used as a light sensor in digital cameras and night-vision devices.o Photomultipliers detect light and multiply it.o Used in scientific devices.
o SECURITY DEVICES:1. burglar alarm2. garage door opener
PROPOSED ONE FOR FUTURE
SIX CHANNEL INDUSTRIAL FIRE
MONITORING AND CONTROL STATION. FEATURES:1) Sounds a fire alarm to attract attention.
2) If the reset SW is not pressed within 30 seconds, the projects takes further action
3) Shut down the plant,4) Start sprinkling
5) Make an emergency call to , deliver an emergency message .
6) It will call five times at the interval of one minute and again check for the smoke, if smoke is still present it will continue to do so otherwise start monitoring again.
Features of 8051(MICROCONTROLLER):
Up to 4K Bytes Internal Program Memory (ROM)
Up to 128 Bytes Internal Data Memory (RAM)
8 bit Data bus
16 bit address bus
Up to 128 Special Function Regis ters (SFR)
32 general purpose register.
Two 16-bit timer/counters.
8051 MICROCONTROLLER
Features of 74245(BUFFER)
Bi-Directional bus transceiver
high-density 20-pin package
3-STATE outputs drive bus lines directly
PNP inputs reduce DC loading on bus lines
Hysteresis at bus inputs improve noise margin
IOL (sink current)- 24 mA
IOH (source current)- 15 mA
P89021 (OTP)
FEATURES of P89021(OTP):
· Standard CMOS process.
· Embedded 512K/256K bits EPROM.
· 21sec Voice Length at 6KHz sampling.
· Maximum 12 voice groups.
· 960 table entries are available for voice block combinations.
· Two triggering modes are available (EPROM programmable options).
- Key Trigger Mode.
- CPU Parallel Trigger Mode.
· Voice Group Trigger Options: Edge / Level.
74245 (BUFFER)
BOOKS:
1. SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS (D.Patranabis)
2. ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION (A.K. Sawhney)
3. INSDUSTRIAL HANDBOOK (B.G. Liptak)
1. www.google.com
2. www.Wikipedia.com
3. www.electronics4u.com
4. www.alldatasheet.com
Sites:
Bibliography
