314

necessary to decide the parameter values and boundary conditions are also described. Among 19 parameters used in sensitivity analysis, (1) parachlor and water solubility of pesticide, and soil organic carbon content, and (2) degradation constant and soil pH, particularly affect pesticide solut ion/ad- sorption ratio and pesticide loss, respectively. It must be emphasised that parameters are not determined by empirical calibration. In the following two chapters, experimental and simulated results on persistence, adsorption and translocation of turbufos (a representative organophosphorus insecticide) are presented. The accuracy of the pesticide model is assessed from the simulation of pesticide distribution throughout the soil profile, absolute quantities persisting over time, and relative impacts of the various attenua- tion processes. In the fifth chapter, the authors discuss the reliability of the first order degradation equation and the degradation rate constant which are adopted to the model. Impact of soil characteristics (clay content, organic matter content and pH) on the degradability are also discussed. Conclusions and recommendations are described in the last chapter. Appendices, which occupy about 60% of the total pages, contain a users guide for the soil-ap- plied pesticide model, program variables, description and units, and com- puter code.

Behavior of pesticides similar to the turbufos in structures and properties should well be estimated by use of this model. Despite this, my question is why turbufos was chosen to verify the reliability of the model; since turbufos is immobile in the soil, the hydrologic model contributes very slightly. But this criticism does not deny the usefulness of this model as it is not only comprehensive but easy to modify. The skeleton model proposed in this book would provide a strong weapon to estimate the fate of pesticides and other chemicals in soil when one chooses opt imum parameter values and if necessary, makes slight modifications to the model.

TAKESHI GODA Water and Soil Environment Division

National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

POLLUTION BY SOIL EROSION AND SOIL NUTRIENT LOSS

Simulation of Pollution by Soil Erosion and Soil Nutrient Loss. D.A. Haith, L.J. Tubbs and N.B. Pickering. Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 1984. 77 pp., Dfl. 25.00. ISBN 90-220-0842-8.

Anyone who has read through this monograph will be able to understand the characteristics of the CNS model. Researchers who wish to know more

315

details may refer to the bibliography cited here. The mathematical reduction of the CNS model itself would be better realized by reference to another paper. Generally, this monograph can be described as being suitable for modellers who want to know the mechanism of agricultural nonpoint-source pollution and for the young researcher just beginning to study modelling.

The chapter on synthetic weather records occupies a considerable part of the whole. It may be better to do so and looks useful for this type of ecological modelling, although the reason why four methods of statistical test should be used differently is obscure.

In the first 5 chapters, the reader might not understand the reason for ignoring runoff losses of nutrients left on the soil surface, plant growth, and the increase in stable organic nitrogen. The authors make some comments and cite several reports in Chapter 6.

There are two appendices. Appendix A explains definitions of model variables and parameters which are useful to enable readers to follow the FORTRAN 77 list which appears in Appendix B. The FORTRAN 77 list has enough comments and statements to make it understandable. Readers would trace more easily the variables in the text by the page numbers for each variable and program symbol by Appendix A.

The monograph's characteristic is the operational model. The authors stress "input data are generally available from standard published sources". Scientists or policy-makers may be involved in expensive and time-consum- ing data collection before they can construct any kind of model. Although there are validation studies in Chapters 4 and 5 of this monograph, it is desirable to show the examples in which standard pubished data are used for simulations. The availability of input data from standard published sources is of practical importance. A last comment concerns page 40, where the authors state that "substantial amounts of inorganic nitrogen remain in the soil between 30 and 100 cm". Why could they not construct the soil model which simulates the phenomena in soil below 30 cm depth?

TAKESHI GODA Water and Soil Em,ironrnent Ditqsion

National Institute for Environmental Studies Zs'ukuba. lbaraki, Japan

DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASTES

Disposal of Industrial and Domestic Wastes. Land and Sea Alternatives by the Board on Ocean Science and the Policy Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources National Research Council. Na-