simple vascular plants

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SIMPLE VASCULAR PLANTS Pteridophytes (Ferns) 1

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Simple Vascular Plants. Pteridophytes (Ferns). Seedless Vascular Plants. Not for examinations. Divisions. Psilophyta – Whisk ferns Lycophyta – Club mosses Sphenophyta – horsetails Pteridophyta - ferns. Ferns. Largest group of extant (living) vascular plants - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Simple Vascular Plants

SIMPLE VASCULAR PLANTS

Pteridophytes (Ferns)

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Seedless Vascular Plants

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Divisions Psilophyta – Whisk ferns Lycophyta – Club mosses Sphenophyta – horsetails Pteridophyta - ferns

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Not for examinations

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Ferns4

Largest group of extant (living) vascular plants

Wide range of habitats (terrestrial, aquatic, arboreal tree ferns, epiphytic)

Can asexually reproduce by Rhizomes (underground stems)

Rhizome

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Ferns5

Dominant Sporophyte stage has true roots, stems, and leaves

Roots and stems underground

Leaves called fronds found above ground and attached to a stem like petiole

Fronds

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the fiddle head coming off the rhizomes.

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Parts of the Fern Sporophyte9

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Characteristics of Pteridophytes

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Have true leaves and roots Leaves are called fronds New leaves are coiled in a bud

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Characteristics of Pteridophytes

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Roots are fibrous Anchor the plant And absorb water and minerals Grow out of the rhizome

(horizontal stem) that grows partially underground

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Characteristics of Pteridophytes

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Have vascular tissue Xylem, tracheids and phloem

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Characteristics of Pteridophytes

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Reproduce by means of spores

Spore cases called sporangia are found on the underside of sporophylls

Sporangia often occur in clusters called sori

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Characteristics of Pteridophytes

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Wind spreads spores that land on moist soil & germinate into a prothallus (tiny independent gametophyte) that produces gametes Prothallus

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Ferns16

The prothallus starts the Gametophyte stage

Gametophyte is heart shaped and short lived

Male antheridia & female archegonia grow on gametophyte

Sperm swims to egg to fertilize

Prothallus

Archegonia (eggs)

Antheridia Sperm

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Characteristics of pteridophytes17

Produce motile male gametes Rely on water for fertilisatiom

Fern Prothallus with archegonia Fern sperm cell

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Egg cells are produced in archegonia

Fern Archegonia.

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Uses for Ferns21

Help prevent erosion Fiddleheads are eaten as food Ornamental plants for yards and homes Helped form coal deposits millions of

years ago

EXTRA

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THE END