Simple present und present progressive in contrast Simple present Bildung: I work I do not work Do I He/she works He/she does not Does he/she

work work? We/you/they We/you/they Do we/you work do not work. they Das simple present hat die Form des Infinitivs. Nur in der 3. Person Singular wird ein –s angehängt. Verneinung und Fragen werden mit do/does gebildet. Gebrauch: Das simple present wird verwendet, wenn man - ausdrücken will, dass etwas regelmäßig, normalerweise, oft, immer oder nie geschieht. Häufig werden dabei Zeitangaben wie always, never, sometimes, usually sowie every morning, on Fridays, in the afternoons... verwendet. I usually get up at 7.30. - sagt, welches Hobby, welchen Beruf, welche Fähigkeiten man hat. My sister collects coins. - (gegenwärtige) Zustände beschreibt. Most children like ice-cream.

Present progressive Bildung: I am I am not Am I He/she is He /she is Is he /she working. not working. working? We/you/ We/you Are we/ they are they are not you/they Das present progressive wird mit einer Form von be und dem Verb mit der Endung –ing gebildet. Gebrauch: Das present progressive wird verwendet, wenn - eine Handlung oder ein Vorgang (jetzt) gerade im Verlauf ist und noch nicht abgeschlossen ist. Häufige Zeitangaben sind at the moment now, just, still, at present. Sally is repairing her bike. Is Eric still talking to Susan? - man ausdrücken will, das etwas für die Zukunft fest geplant oder abgesprochen wurde. Durch Zeitangaben für die Zukunft ( tomorrow, next week...) muss deutlich werden, dass es sich um Zukünftiges handelt. - Could you help me tomorrow afternoon? - I’m sorry. I’m playing tennis with Mike.

Exercise 1. Decide whether to use simple present or present progressive. 1. Sometimes Susan __________ (watch) science fiction films, but she normally _________ (prefer) love stories. 2. Look! Mr Cooper _________ (work). He usually _________ (start) work at about 8 o’clock. 3. We __________ (go) to a football match next Saturday. 4. Can you _________ (answer) the phone, please. I _________ (have) a bath right now. 5. I never ___________ (eat) spinach, but we __________ (have) some this evening. 6. Whenever I __________ (see) him, we always ____________ (go) to a pub. 7. We usually ____________ (meet) when we ____________ (go) to work. 8. Listen! Mrs Jones ____________ (play) the piano. You can ____________ (hear) her very clearly. 9. When John __________ (sleep) deeply, he sometimes ____________ (talk) in his sleep. 10. Sorry, Mr Smith, I cannot ___________ (speak) to you right now, because I ______ (be) very busy. 11. Paul and Tim __________ (go) to London three times a year, but next summer they _________ (stay) at home. 12. Occasionally he __________ (go) to the cinema, but he ________ (go) to the theatre at least once a week.

Exercise 2. Ms. Granwren is talking about her company which manufactures brake hoses (Bremsschläuche). Decide if she is talking about routine activities or activities going on at the moment of speaking. Put the verbs in simple present or present progressive tense. “Well, we usually ______________________ (1) (import) our raw materials from Spain, but right now everything is cheaper here in England, so we __________________ (2) (use) local raw materials. Normally, our suppliers in Spain ________________ (3) (send) the raw materials via ship and then trucks ______________ (4) (pick) up and ______________ (5) (deliver) everything directly to our warehouse. However, the truck drivers _____________ (6) (strike) at the moment, so our raw materials is being delivered by train. Generally speaking, we ______________ (7) (need) two shifts to produce our brake hoses, but right now three shifts ____________ (8) (go on) because of high demand. Our workers _________________ (9) (understand) why they ___________ (10) (work) more hours than usual, but they ________________ (11) (dislike) doing overtime. They especially _______________ (12) (hate) working the graveyard shift. I __________________ (13) (believe) we ___________________ (14) (produce) about 200,000 brake hoses a day right now. Normally we ________________ (15) (make) about 120,000 brakehoses a day. When business is slow, we even ________________ (16) (produce) as few as 1,000 brake hoses a day. Our workers _____________ (17) (prefer) working when they ________________ (18) (not have) much pressure to assemble the parts quickly. But, they ____________ (19) (be) good workers and we can depend on them.”

Simple past and present perfect in contrast

simple past Bildung: - regelmäßige Verben: Infinitiv + -ed Bsp. I looked - unregelmäßige Verben: 2. Verbform Bsp. he went they came Gebrauch: - für einmalige, aufeinanderfolgende oder wiederholte Vorgänge, die in der Vergangenheit angefangen haben und abgeschlossen sind - Signalworte: yesterday, ...ago, in 1960, the other day ( neulich), last

present perfect Bildung: - regelmäßige Verben: have/has + Infinitiv -ed Bsp. I have looked - unregelmäßige Verben: have/has + 3. Verbform Bsp. he has gone they have come Gebrauch: - für Vorgänge, die in der Vergangenheit anfingen und bis in die Gegenwart reichen Bsp. I have known him for two years. - für Vorgänge, die in der Vergangenheit anfingen und gerade erst abgeschlossen sind Bsp. I have just opened the window - für in der Vergangenheit abgeschlossene Vorgänge, deren Auswir- kungen bis in die Gegenwart reichen Bsp. Prices have gone up. - für Vorgänge, die einmal, mehrmals, nie vor dem Zeitpunkt des Sprechens passierten, jedoch ohne Zeitangabe Bsp. I have never been to Wales. - Signalworte: just, already, since - seit (Zeitpunkt), for – seit (Zeitspanne), till now, up to now, so far, never, ever, yet, this morning

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the simple past tense or the present perfect tense of the given verbs. All the verbs are irregular. Example: go We have gone to meetings every week so far this month. We went to meetings every week last month. 1. fly Last year I often ______________ to a number of times to our branches in North America. We _______________ to our branches in North America this year as well. 2. get I ______________ to know a new colleague last week. I ______________ to know lots of new colleagues since I started working at this firm. 3. keep During our meeting yesterday I ______________ my opinion to myself. I _______________ my opinions to myself throughout my professional career. 4. lose Our firm ______________ some contracts during the past years. Our firm ______________ a big contract last year. 5. take I _____________ the train to Berlin last Saturday. I _____________ the train more often since I started working for this firm.

6. ring I _____________ the doorbell, but nobody answered. The doorbell _______________ several times this morning, but nobody wants to answer it. 7. build Our company _______________ a new production hall last year. Our company _______________ some new buildings recently. 8. make My company _______________ some big mistakes recently. My company _______________ more mistakes last year than the previous one. 9. fall Our sales _____________ gradually lately. Our sales _____________ dramatically a few days ago. 10. cut Because of fierce competition, our company _____________ costs dramatically. We ____________ costs yesterday by firing some employees in the marketing department.

Exercise 4. Fill in the blanks with the correct tense and form of the verb in parentheses. Use the simple past tense or the present perfect tense. Example: We haven’t asked (not ask) enough questions yet. 1. Yesterday we ________________ (not work) hard. 2. So far today I _________________ (talk) to some clients. 3. I ______________ (go) to some meetings this month. 4. Last week Wendy _____________ (be) very productive: she _____________ (implement) up two new ideas. 5. This year we _______________ (solve) some serious problems. 6. I ________________ (take) some business trips lately. 7. I ________________ (already speak) to Mr. Jones about this issue. In fact, I ________________ (speak) to him last week. 8. I ________________ (not have) much time to relax recently. Work ___________ (be) quite time consuming. Exercise 5: Right or wrong? Some of the sentences are right and some are wrong. Correct the ones that are wrong. Examples: Yesterday I’ve gone to the bank. Wrong: Yesterday I went to the bank. Consumers haven’t bought many new cars lately. Right 1. Peg talked to Mr. Randolf two hours ago. 2. Pat completed the report recently. 3. Did you make my hotel reservations for my trip to New York yet? 4. I’ve sent many emails to that firm. 5. Mr. Smith spoke to Mr. Wright last month. 6. Our company’s sales have gradually fallen in the last few weeks. 7. I enjoyed speaking to Ms. Anderson during her time here last week. 8. Did you ever see our company’s branches?

Simple past and past progressive in contrast simple past Bildung: - regelmäßige Verben : Infinitiv + -ed Bsp. I looked - unregelmäßige Form: 2. Verbform Bsp. they went Gebrauch: Vorgänge, die in der Vergangenheit angefangen haben und abgeschlossen sind - für einmalige oder wiederholte Vorgänge in der Vergangenheit - bei nacheinander stattfindenden Vorgängen in der Vergangenheit Signalworte: then - dann, after that – danach - bei einem neuen Ereignis, das eine bereits laufende Handlung ( ing- Form) unterbricht Signalwort oft: suddenly - plötzlich

past progressive Bildung: was/were + Infinitiv –ing Bsp. I was looking they were going Gebrauch: Vorgänge, die in der Vergangenheit angefangen haben und abgeschlossen sind - um den Ablauf einer Handlung zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt/ Zeitraum in der Vergangenheit zu bezeichnen - bei mehreren gleichzeitigen Vorgängen in der Vergangenheit Signalwort oft: while – während - wenn eine Handlung bereits „im Gange war“, als ein neues Ereignis eintrat Signalwort oft: when - als

Exercise 6. Complete the following sentences. Use the past continuous in the while-clauses. Use the simple past tense in the when-clauses. Example: While I was enjoying (enjoy) my break, my boss walked (walk) in and ordered (order) me to get back to work. 1. While we __________________ (walk) from the administration building to the laboratories, it _______________ (begin) to snow. 2. James Thompson _______________ (view) a training video at his new firm yesterday at 8 o’clock when his manager _________________

(walk) into the room and _____________ (ask) him something. 3. While Ms. Smith __________________ (fly) to New York, a customer _______________ (phone) her. 4. When my boss ___________________ (open) my office door yesterday, I _________________ (sleep) on my desk and ________________

(dream) of a raise. 5. They __________________ (wait) at a red light when the accident _________________ (happen). 6. The photocopier ___________ (break) down while the secretary _______ (copy) some important papers. 7. While I __________ (drink) some coffee, my colleague _________ (bump) into me and I ________ (spill) my coffee all down my shirt. 8. Some trainees ___________ (use) a column drill when something with the machine ________ (go) wrong.

Grammar review: Present, past & future tenses Exercise 7: Small Talk. In the following dialogue Franz Habemeier in Imports at TextStil GmbH in Essen is talking to Jennifer Giles. Jennifer has just flown over from StarLine Fashions Ltd in London. Put the verbs in parantheses ( ) in the correct tense. Franz: How ___________ (1) (be) your flight? Jennifer: Well, I’m afraid it ____________ (2) (be) terrible. We __________(3) (have) a lot of turbulence over the Channel. Franz: Oh dear, how unfortunate. __________ you ___________ (4) (be) to Germany before? Jennifer: Well, my grandfather’s German, so I _______________ (5) (visit) here many times. Franz: Where ________ he __________ (6) (live)? Jennifer: He ___________ (7) (live) in the Black Forest. It’s lovely down there. Franz: __________ you usually ___________ (8) (combine) business trips with a short holiday? Jennifer: In the south I always ___________ (9) (try). I usually ____________ (10) (rent) a car and _____________ (11) (see) my grandfather in

Donauschingen. Franz: Oh, that’s nice. Here’s your schedule for the next three days. We ________________ (12) (arrange) for you to stay at the Sheraton in

Essen. It __________ (13) (have) a good fitness center. Jennifer: Good, but I ___________ (14) (prefer) art. _________ you _________ (15) (have) any good art museums or art exhibits around here? Franz: Yes, there _________ (16) (be) the Villa Hügel near Lake Baldeney. The restaurant there ___________ (17) (serve) good food. What

kind of food _________ you __________ (18) (like)? Jennifer: I _________ (19) (love) German food, especially Schwabish food. Franz: Well, in that case, I ____________ (20) (book) a table at a good German restaurant tomorrow evening. Jennifer: That ____________ (21) (be) great!

Exercise 8: Small Talk on a Plane. Lydia Hartkopf is flying from New York to London. She is talking to the lady in the seat next to her. Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct tenses. Lydia: Well, we _____________ (1) (leave) London on time and the flight ______________ (2) (be) very smooth so far. Lady: Yes. We ___________ (3) (be) lucky because it ______________ (4) (be) normally rough at this time of year. Where ___________ you

_____________ (5) (travel) to in Britain? Lydia: To London. I ____________ (6) (have) an appointment in Kensington, in fact. Lady: Oh, so you _____________ (7) (not have) to go far when we land. Kensington’s very central. You aren’t from England though, are you? Lydia: No, I ___________ (8) (be) from Germany.

Lady: Oh, that’s nice! Where _____________ (9) (be) you from in Germany? Lydia: Well, I ______________ (10) (live) in Essen, but I __________ (11) (be) from Magdeburg which ___________ (12) (be) in the former

East Germany. __________ (13) (be) you from London? Lady: No, but I _____________ (14) (live) there this year. Normally I ___________ (15) (live) in Canada. I’m Canadian. So you _____________

(16) (take) a business trip to London? Lydia: Yes, but I ______________ (17) (combine) business with a short vacation. I ___________ (18) (be) to London many times, and so I

____________ (19) (know) some people in London and we ______________ (20) (go) out this evening. Lady: Oh, how nice! Ah! Here’s the stewardess. Would you like something to drink? Lydia: Yes, I _____________ (21) (have) a glass of orange juice. Lady: I think I ______________ (22) (drink) some Coke. Answer key Exercise 1 1. watches … prefers 2. is working … starts 3. are going 4. answer … am having 5. eat … are having 6. see … go 7. meet … go 8. is playing … hear 9. sleeps 10. speak … am 11. go … are staying 12. goes … goes Exercise 2 1. import 2. are using 3. send 4. pick 5. deliver

6. are striking 7. need 8. are going on 9. understand 10 are working 11. dislike 12. hate 13. believe 14. are producing 15. make 16. produce 17. prefer 18. don’t have 19. are Exercise 3 1. flew have flow 2. got have got(ten) 3. kept

have kept 4. has lost lost 5. took have taken 6. rang has rung 7. built has built 8. has made made 9. have fallen fell 10. has cut cut Exercise 4 1. didn’t work 2. have talked 3. have gone 4. was … implemented

5. have solved 6. have taken 7. have already spoken … spoke 8. haven’t had … has been Exercise 5 1. right 2. wrong: Peg has completed the report recently. 3. wrong: Have you made my hotel reservations for my trip to New York yet? 4. right 5. right 6. right 7. right 8. wrong: Have you ever seen our company’s branches? Exercise 6 1. were walking … began 2. was viewing … walked … asked 3. was flying … phoned 4. opened … was sleeping … (was)

dreaming 5. were waiting … happened 6. broke … was copying

7. was drinking … bumped … spilled 8. were using … went Exercise 7 1. was 2. was 3. had 4. Have … been 5. have visited 6. does … live 7. lives 8. Do … combine 9. try 10. rent 11. see 12. have arranged 13. has 14. prefer 15. Do … have 16. is 17. serves 18. do … like 19. love 20. will book 21. will be

Exercise 8 1. (have) left 2. is 3. are 4. is 5. are … travelling / are you going to travel 6. have 7. don’t have 8. am 9. are 10. live 11. am 12. is 13. Are 14. am living 15. live 16. are taking 17. am combining / am going to combine 18. have been 19. know 20. are going / are going to go 21. will have 22. will drink