Sharks in the Sharks in the North Pacific:North Pacific:Spiny Dogfish Spiny Dogfish

By Liam AntrimBy Liam Antrim

Olympic Coast National Olympic Coast National Marine SanctuaryMarine Sanctuary

Classification and Classification and MnemonicsMnemonics

KingdomKingdom KingKing PhylumPhylum PhillipPhillip Class Class CameCame OrderOrder OverOver FamilyFamily ForFor Genus Genus Good Good SpeciesSpecies SoupSoup

Animalia

Chordata

Chondrichthyes

Common Characteristics of Common Characteristics of SharksSharks

No air bladderNo air bladder Body plansBody plans

Sagittiform Sagittiform Fusiform Fusiform AnguilliformAnguilliform

CartilaginousCartilaginous Tough SkinTough Skin

Common Characteristics of Common Characteristics of SharksSharks

Highly developed sense of smell: Some Highly developed sense of smell: Some sharks can detect substances with a sharks can detect substances with a concentration of 1 part per million in water concentration of 1 part per million in water (very low concentration)(very low concentration)

Sensitive to elcectromagnetic charges: can Sensitive to elcectromagnetic charges: can pick up charges of one-millionth of a volt- pick up charges of one-millionth of a volt- helps detect bioelectric pulses of some helps detect bioelectric pulses of some animals.animals.

Swim at high speeds: shortfin mako- 35mph Swim at high speeds: shortfin mako- 35mph and bursts at 60mphand bursts at 60mph

Strong jaw muscles: 44,000lbs per sq. in. Strong jaw muscles: 44,000lbs per sq. in. humans- 150lbs per sq. inhumans- 150lbs per sq. in

Common Life Histories of Common Life Histories of East Pacific SharksEast Pacific Sharks

High in food chain- Apex Fish High in food chain- Apex Fish PredatorPredator

Long lived and lower abundanceLong lived and lower abundance Delayed first reproductionDelayed first reproduction Live births and small litters Live births and small litters Born predatorsBorn predators Like marine mammals- harder to Like marine mammals- harder to

studystudy

Spiny DogfishSpiny Dogfish

Classification: Spiny Classification: Spiny DogfishDogfish

KingdomKingdom KingKing PhylumPhylum PhillipPhillip Class Class CameCame OrderOrder OverOver FamilyFamily ForFor Genus Genus Good Good SpeciesSpecies SoupSoup

Animalia

Chordata

Chondrichthyes

Squaliformes

Squalidae

Squala

S. acanthius

Spiny Dogfish: Global Spiny Dogfish: Global DistributionDistribution

http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/Spinydogfish/SpinyDogfish.html

Spiny DogfishSpiny Dogfish

Size: 1.5mSize: 1.5m Live up to 85-107 yearsLive up to 85-107 years Spines on dorsal finSpines on dorsal fin Schools: segregated by sex and ageSchools: segregated by sex and age Historically harvested for:Historically harvested for:

Oils in liver-vitimin AOils in liver-vitimin A FoodFood

Conservation Status: vulnerableConservation Status: vulnerable

Spiny Dogfish: FeedingSpiny Dogfish: Feeding OmnivoresOmnivores EpibenthicEpibenthic

SquidSquid CrabCrab OctopusOctopus ShrimpShrimp Sea CucumbersSea Cucumbers

Schooling fishSchooling fish HerringHerring MackerelMackerel MenhadenMenhaden CapelinCapelin

Upper Jaw Protrusion Upper Jaw Protrusion (goes forward).(goes forward).

Spiny Dogfish: PredatorsSpiny Dogfish: Predators

Spiny DogfishSpiny Dogfish Sixgill SharkSixgill Shark CodCod SealsSeals Killer WhalesKiller Whales Red HakeRed Hake

Spiny Dogfish: Spiny Dogfish: ReproductionReproduction

Mature: 35 yrs Mature: 35 yrs Gestation: 22 months Gestation: 22 months Litter size: 6-12 pupsLitter size: 6-12 pups OvoviviparousOvoviviparous

http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/Spinydogfish/SpinyDogfish.html

Work CitedWork Cited Anderson, S. A. and K. J. Goldman. 2001. Temperature Measurements of Salmon Sharks, Anderson, S. A. and K. J. Goldman. 2001. Temperature Measurements of Salmon Sharks,

Lamna ditorpis, in Alaskan Waters.Lamna ditorpis, in Alaskan Waters. Copeia Copeia 3:794-7963:794-796 Bernal, D., J Donley, R. E. Shadwick, and D. A. Syme. 2005. Mammal-like muscles power Bernal, D., J Donley, R. E. Shadwick, and D. A. Syme. 2005. Mammal-like muscles power

swimming in a cold-water shark. swimming in a cold-water shark. NatureNature 437:1349-1352 437:1349-1352 Block, B. A. and F. G. Carey. 1985. Warm brain and eye temperatures in sharks. Block, B. A. and F. G. Carey. 1985. Warm brain and eye temperatures in sharks. Journal Journal

of Comparative Physiology Bof Comparative Physiology B. 156:229-236. 156:229-236 Christiansen J., J. Hollander and S. Larson. 2005 Sixgill shark (Christiansen J., J. Hollander and S. Larson. 2005 Sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseusHexanchus griseus) )

conservation ecology project update;. conservation ecology project update;. Puget Sound Georgia Basin Research Conference. Puget Sound Georgia Basin Research Conference. Fudge, D. S. and E. D. Stevens. 1996. The visceral retia mirabilia of tuna and sharks: an Fudge, D. S. and E. D. Stevens. 1996. The visceral retia mirabilia of tuna and sharks: an

annotated translation and discussion of the Eschricht and Muller 1835 paper and related annotated translation and discussion of the Eschricht and Muller 1835 paper and related papers. Guelph Ichthyology Reviews 4:1-92papers. Guelph Ichthyology Reviews 4:1-92

Gallucci V., G. Kruse, J. Rice, and C. Tribuzio. 2005. Semmi Annual Progress Report July.Gallucci V., G. Kruse, J. Rice, and C. Tribuzio. 2005. Semmi Annual Progress Report July. Jones T. S. and K. I. Ugland. 201. Reproduction of female spiny dogfish, Squalus Jones T. S. and K. I. Ugland. 201. Reproduction of female spiny dogfish, Squalus

acanthias, in the Oslofjord. acanthias, in the Oslofjord. Fisheries BulletinFisheries Bulletin 99:685-690 99:685-690 King J. R., G. A. McFarlane, and M. W. Sanders. 2002. Preliminary study on the use King J. R., G. A. McFarlane, and M. W. Sanders. 2002. Preliminary study on the use

of neural of neural arches in the age determination of bluntnose sixgill sharks arches in the age determination of bluntnose sixgill sharks ((Hexanchus griseusHexanchus griseus). ). Fisheries BulletinFisheries Bulletin 100:4. 861-864 100:4. 861-864

Motta, P. and C. Wilga. 1998 Conservation and variation in the feeding mechanism of Motta, P. and C. Wilga. 1998 Conservation and variation in the feeding mechanism of the Spiny the Spiny Dogfish Squalus Acanthias. Dogfish Squalus Acanthias. The Journal of Experimental BiologyThe Journal of Experimental Biology 201:1345-1358201:1345-1358

Nagasawa, K. 1998Nagasawa, K. 1998. . Predation by Salmon Sharks (Predation by Salmon Sharks (Lamna ditropisLamna ditropis) on Pacific Salmon ) on Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus ssp.) in the North Pacific Ocean. (Oncorhynchus ssp.) in the North Pacific Ocean. N. Pac. Anadr. Fish Comm. BulletinN. Pac. Anadr. Fish Comm. Bulletin 1:419-4331:419-433

Sharks; Hexanchidae: p374Sharks; Hexanchidae: p374

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SpinyDogfish.htmlSpinyDogfish.html http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/Descript/BSixgill/Bsixgill.hthttp://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/Descript/BSixgill/Bsixgill.ht

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ers/3904/Photos#tab-Photos/3ers/3904/Photos#tab-Photos/3 http://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/mammals/orca_pittmhttp://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/mammals/orca_pittm

an.jpgan.jpg http://homepage.mac.com/mollet/Ld/Ld_images/salmon.jpghttp://homepage.mac.com/mollet/Ld/Ld_images/salmon.jpg http://pandasthumb.org/archives/2008/03/whale-evolution.htmlhttp://pandasthumb.org/archives/2008/03/whale-evolution.html http://www.elasmodiver.com/Sharkive%20images/Shortfinhttp://www.elasmodiver.com/Sharkive%20images/Shortfin

%20Mako%20Shark%20026.jpg%20Mako%20Shark%20026.jpg http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/htmls/sanc0508.htm http://www.bio.mq.edu.au/molecularecology/images_other/

Wwobby.JPG http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/42490000/jpg/

_42490655_frillshark2_getty_gal.jpg