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Cisco Unified RAN Backhaul: Any Radio, Any Media, Many Generations

Sathya NarayanaswamyJune 12 2012

Agenda

RAN challenges

Unifying the Backhaul

Unified Backhaul Management

Unifying Backhaul Technologies

Trusted Partner for Global Mobile Service Providers

Innovation

differentiation

Monetization

new revenue

Unification

any radio

any media

Leadership

trusted advisor

partnership

Optimization

reduced costs

The World Needs New Approaches…

Reflection on 2011projection to 2016

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4

Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast, 2011–2016, IBSG 2012

the average mobile connection will generate 716 MBof mobile data traffic per month in 2016, up from 30 MB in 2011

www.cisco.com/go/vni

182% 32-fold4 times faster

All this Mobile Data Growth..Leads to a Big Backhaul Hole…

http://www.telecomasia.net/content/worlds-mobile-backhaul-has-840b-hole

―The world's mobile operators will need to

spend a combined $840 billion over the

next five years to upgrade their backhaul

networks for the coming data deluge‖

The World needs to Lower Operating Costs

Reduce PowerIncrease Mbs/Watt

Reduce FootprintMulti-use POP

Simplify ManagementRadio Access

OPEX over 7 years CAPEX

Transmission

Site Rental

O&M

Electricity

Cell Site TCO Distribution

BTS

Civil Works

Site Support

Site Acquisition &Planning

40%TCO

60%TCO

Source: China Mobile

RAN Capacity and Offload Challenges

Spectrumlimited asset

Interference if unlicensed

MobilitySeamless Macro to Small

Cell handoffs

OffloadUnified RAN

MacroCells

ConsumerBusiness Community

Small Cells

Fixed (DSL/GPON/DOCSIS)

Via Fixed Broadband

TDM?PTN?OTN?

IP?

Macro Site Router

Mobile IP

CoreAggregation Node Mobile Core Node

Macro Site Router

Baseband Processing Pool

Wireless Mesh

WirelessPoint to Multi-Point

Ethernet

Ethernet

RAN Expansion for Small CellsFronthaul addition to Backhaul

IP RAN Agg

Pre-aggregation Node

Aggregation Node

Dedicated Fibre(CPRI)

Fronthaul Attributes• Low Touch• Robust and aesthetic• Highly Flexible/Scalable• Power efficient• Relaxed Availability• Low mobility PS users• Reuse of existing infrastructure

Macro Site Router

Macro Site Router

Number of Radio Nodes~30 to 40x

Agenda

RAN challenges

Unifying the Backhaul

Unified Backhaul Management

Unifying Backhaul Technologies

Cisco Unified RAN BackhaulAny Radio, Any Media

RAN Backhaul

Radio Content

Media

uWave SDHCE ATM

3G+

2G

LTE/4G

WiFi & Small Cells

Voice

Video

Data

Unified RAN Backhaul

RAN Backhaul

Cisco Unified RAN BackhaulAny Radio, Any Media, Many Generations

100 T imes the Capaci ty for a Fract ion of Current Cost

• Flexible scalability: Any multi-vendor radio on any media (2=>3=>4G)

• Proven performance and reliability: Superior voice & video service assurance

• Operational excellence: Unified management, lower OpEx, low power consumption

OPTIMIZE

IP CoreCell Router Aggregation Mobile Edge

$37,044

$6,887

14 Mbps

17 Mbps

19 Mbps

22 Mbps 23 Mbps

24 Mbps 28 Mbps35 Mbps 42 Mbps 49 Mbps

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

CY09 CY10 CY11 CY12 CY13

IP/ Ethernet

TDM TDM Costs Escalate Directly with Bandwidth

Ethernet Costs

Less per Bit —

Flat Cost Structure

Backhaul Charges per ConnectionTDM IP/Ethernet

Reduced Power ConsumptionCisco Energy-Efficient Ethernet

• Lowest OPEX Power Consumption (70% Savings)

• Future proof Efficiency Gain, Highest Gbps per Watt

• Efficient power on demand

Breaking the Backhaul OPEX BarriersLowest Power Consumption in Industry

Only 2.375 W/Gbps at cell, 2.5W/Gbps at pre-Agg(ASR 901-12C-F-D 38W, 16 Gbps)

5 year cell-site power savings NPV is $20+ Million

1 year savings by removing dedicated T1 timing is $48 Million

i.e., Verizon 40,000, Bharti 40,000 cell sites

$100/month for E1/T1

Cisco Unified RAN BackhaulUnifies Backhaul Operations for Many Generations

Agenda

RAN challenges

Unifying the Backhaul

Unified Backhaul Management

Unifying Backhaul Technologies

RAN Backhaul

Cisco Unified RAN BackhaulAny Radio, Any Media

Radio Content

Media

uWave SDHCE ATM

3G+

2G

LTE/4G

WiFi & Small Cells

Voice

Video

Data

Unified RAN Backhaul

Cisco PRIME Unified Management

for RAN Backhaul

Centralized User Portal

Prime portal provides:• Single point of entry into

the network for operator access to all information they need

• Reduced operational costs using an integrated framework for operators and administrators

• Increased efficiency with seamless transition between functional areas

Unified Inventory Common Event/Alarm management

Access, Aggregation, Edge and Core

Launch 3rd Party Domain

Mgr (even ALU SAM, ..)

Network Discovery

Auto-discovery & integration of devices AND logical segments (routes, pseudowires, ..) into live NMS

• Physical and logical topologies

• Multivendor discovery

• Complete end-to-end visibility of all devices, network & logical connections

Physical and Logical Maps

Logical and

Physical

Inventory

Maps include integrated

third-party devices

Primes add a configuration

template

Save OPEX using Fully Redundant, Automated, Zero Touch Deployment

Power on device; device contacts

DHCP for TFTP IP

DHCP

Device initiates connection and gets the config

1

2

3

Zero Touch Deployment

Service Design and Activation

• Accelerate service deployment with point-and-click wizards

– SAToP, CESoPSN, ATM/IMA over pseudowire emulation, etc

• Eliminate manual errors with automation Resource Pools

Policy Map

Service Provisioning Lifecycle

Network Service Assurance

• Fast network outage detection with visualization of impacted network devices

• Dedicated service alarms indicating the two devices terminating the pseudowire and the impacted ID

• Hyperlinks for immediate fault localization and isolation

Service Aware Topologies

Pseudowire link icon

Service Fulfillment Codifying and automating end-to-end fulfillment

Starent Nexus IOS IOS XR TelePresenceUC/TelephonyUCS Tandberg

Domain and Device Management

Operational Support System

AXIOSS

Billing and CRM

Active Catalog Order Management Service Inventory

Service Troubleshooting

• Improved pseudowire troubleshooting with graphical representation of all network components traversed

• Powerful service tracing mechanism to simulate the path of the traffic along the network elements

• Hop by hop details on each technology traversed (MAC address, MPLS label stack, used protocols….)

System Extensibility

• Ability to rapidly add new features via a flexible architecture

• Out-of-the-box discovery and activation workflows that are easy to extend

• Online documented SDK tools and forum to support system integrators

New activation workflows via a flexible provisioning layer

Easily create new statistical reports for Cisco or third-party platforms compiling new MIBs

Extensible data model and

customization tools

Launch 3rd Party Domain

Mgr (SAM, ..)

Third-Party Device Support

Out-of-the-Box Support for:

• DragonWave (microwave radio)

• Alcatel-Lucent

• Huawei

• Juniper

• RAD

• NEC iPasolinkBasic logical and physical discovery for third-party devices supporting the standard MIB2

• Multivendor ready• Easy integration of

other third-party microwave devices

DragonWave microwave

Monitor, Inspect, and DiagnoseNetwork Faults

• At-a-glance view of network health for fast fault isolation

• Alarm correlation to rapidly diagnose and remediate faults that span multiple domains

• Affected parties report on specific fault scenarios (e.g., link down)

Agenda

RAN challenges

Unifying the Backhaul

Unified Backhaul Management

Unifying Backhaul Technologies

Problem Statement

• Network Requirements:

– Increased bandwidth demand (Video)

– Granular QoS (LTE, Games, Voice, IMS)

– Complex connectivity (X2, LTE-A)

– Virtualization & Higher need for convergence (Mobility)

• Traditional approach has challenges:

– Need for sophisticated routing protocols & interaction with Layer 2 Protocols

– Complexity of achieving 50 millisecond convergence with TE-FRR

– End-to-end Provisioning and troubleshooting across multiple domains

How to unify multiple backhaul technologies…… in increasingly larger networks … with more complex application requirements?

Unified RAN backhaul addresses these challenges with elegant simplicity

Drivers – Unified BackhaulBased on field experiences

• Unified MPLS– Bringing resilience, scale, & management benefits all the

way to access

• Unified Timing– Using best mix of TDM, 1588v2, Sync E, GPS, etc

• Differential Quality of Experience (QoE)– Profitable differentiation

• Unified Management– Collapsing multiple management domains

• Managing Cost– Optimizing cost structure

Benefits of bringing MPLS to Backhaul

• MPLS is pervasive across Mobile & IP Core. Why ?

• Matured technology with extensive support & resources are available

• Recommended by Standard bodies, Vendor groups…

Value MPLS brings to Backhaul

Hurdles to bring MPLS to Backhaul

• Why not “simply” use everywhere?

– Scalability – Was built on premise of 100 – 1000 of “core entities”

– Complexity of traffic engineering

– Virtualization challenges

– OAM considerations

– Cost

• So how do we address this ?

Fragmented MPLS Architecture

CoreAgg

MPLS

Agg

MPLSMPLS L2VPN IAS

EdgeEdge

Access Access

L2VPN L2VPNIP IP IP

L2VPN IAS

Cisco Unified MPLS for Backhaul

Edge EdgeCoreAggAccess AccessAgg

MPLS

• “Any-G” support with same architecture

• Improved Scale – Reduced IGP complexities in the core

• Operational Simplicity

Cisco Unified Backhaul –MPLS Scalability

• Hierarchical LSP approach with two transport labels (intra domain and inter domain)

– Intra domain (IGP+LDP or RSVP-TE)

– Inter domain (iBGP+label per RFC3107)

• No IP prefix redistribution between IGP domains

• Only access nodes and ABRs have reachability information for other access nodes

• BGP Inbound prefix filtering and Outbound Route Filtering (ORF) help reduce network state

MPLSMPLSMPLS

AggregationAccess Core Aggregation Access

PE ABR ABR PE

Inter-domain LSP

Intra-domain LSP Intra-domain LSP Intra-domain LSP

iBGP (IP+Label)iBGP (IP+Label) iBGP (IP+Label)

Cisco Unified Backhaul – MPLS ResiliencyLoop Free Alternate (LFA) Link Protection

• The link between RP and RB fails.

• RP reroutes all traffic originally for link RP-RB to RC. This is done by pre-computing available paths that do not create loops

• Gives benefits of TE-FRR, but no configuration or design required

• Remote LFA addresses other topologies (Ring/Square)

RP RB

RC

Network Xpacket addrX packet addrX

Primary Path

Repair Path

packet addrX

Route X: NH: RB,

LFA: RC

Architectural ComparisonCisco Other Vendors

U-MPLS H-VPLS L3 VPNs

Any to Any Yes No – Inter Domain Yes

End to End LSP Yes No No

Scale Yes - BGPNoMAC Explosion

Nochallenged with label switching

OAMLSP PingIP SLAPW-VCCV

PW – VCCVEthernet – CFMEthernet Performance - 1731

LSP PingSAA

Operational Simplicity

Yes

NoMulti-Segment PWRedundant PWTE-FRR

NoRouted PWInter-Area TETE-FRR

Fast ConvergenceLFABGP PICBGP Add Path

Operationally Complex Operationally Complex

Path Optimization BGP AiGP No Yes

Cisco Unified RAN - Quality of Experience• Service differentiation using standards based QoS.

– IETF DiffServ Architecture across Network layers

– MPLS Exp, IP DSCP, 802.1P & ATM CoS

• Optional Traffic re-marking at administrative boundary

– CSG, NodeB, RNC depending on traffic direction & model

• All the nodes/links are capable of line-rate

– Flat QoS is sufficient for DiffServ functionality

– H-QoS for Microwave links*

• Handling LTE QoS

– LTE QCI + Resource type (GBR/Non-GBR) is enforced with Diffserv on NNI

– H-QoS policies with parent shaping and child queuing on UNI

QoS Model (Upstream)

Clock Sync, Abis, IuB CP + Voice UP, S1c, X2c, GBR UP – EF Class

IuB UP & LTE MBR UP – AF Class

IuB & LTE S1/X2 BE – BE Class Additional AF classes for NC

QoS Model (Downstream)

Hybrid

Traditional

All IP

Hybrid

TDM

1588v2

BSC/RNCTDM Source

1588v2Grand Master

Source

MTSOCentral Office

4G/LTE

4G Node

SyncE

BTS/BCS

2G/3G

TDM

4G Node

BTS/BCS TDM

2G/3G/LTE

1588v2

SyncE

Cisco Unified TimingAny Source, Any Media

Synchronization in Mobile NetworksClocking Mechanisms Comparison

Clocking Mechanism Advantages Disadvantages

GPSReliable PRC

Relatively cheap

Frequency and phase

Antenna required

US Govt owned

PRC/BITSReliable PRC

Generally Available

No Phase

Need to maintain TDM in all Ethernet

deployment

1588-2008 Packet Based

(Frequency and Phase)

Requires Master w/ PRC

Performance influenced by network

Undefined Profiles in SP environments

SyncE/ESMCPhysical layer

(Frequency)

No Phase

Every node in chain needs to support

NTPv4Packet Based

(Frequency and Phase)

Not as robust as 1588-2008

Open standard

Some proprietary implementations

SyncE is the most stable and accurate frequency reference available after PRC/BITS/GPS

Mobile operators/Radio vendors are moving towards supporting SyncE but does require e2e h/w changes

1588-2008 still needed for last mile or Phase requirement butstandard developments & h/w support needed

Synchronization in Mobile NetworksHybrid

Hybrid

Application Freq &Time/Phase

Priority Uses SyncE & 1588

End-to-end SupportYes

Add. functions & protocol

support

Is dependent on SyncE for freq. accuracy and 1588 for

Phase alignment

Network Dependencies

•SyncE transfers accurate clock over the physical

layer -> no clock wander

• 1588-2008 master transfers Phase Packets to a

1588-2008 slave using PTP timestamps and SyncE

frequency to recover Phase

Network Virtualization (Cisco nV)

• Wouldn’t it be nice if…

• We could manage an entire backhaul network segment as if it were a single platform?

• Simplify Backhaul Operations

– Simplify management (Single Network Element, EMS/Mgmt interface)

– Improve reliability, resiliency & availability (Reduce protocol complexity for HA & failover, Single OS and release cycle, )

– Effective cost management (Rapid deployment, Scalability, Less down time)

Edge

RAN-I1 RAN-II

Third-Party Services/ Content

Aggregation

Access

Core

Cisco Prime IP NGN

SP Services/Content

Converged IP RAN with Satellite

Edge

RAN-I RAN-II

Third-Party Services/ Content

Aggregation

Access

Core

RAN-IINMS

SP Services/Content

RAN-INMS

nV – Network Virtualization

Resiliency – Cluster architecture in Core/Aggregation.Optimize – Single Virtual Chassis. Feature consistency, Protocol simplificationOaM – Single virtual chassis, Automatic software upgrades, Unified NMS

OaM Implementation

• Service OAM– Used for monitoring liveliness and performance management of the services– Provisioned at Touch points associated with end to end service– ATM Service OAM; Ethernet OAM & PM; MPLS Service OAM & PM; IP/MPLS OAM & PM

• Transport OAM– Primarily used for monitoring liveliness and performance management of the transport mechanism on which services are

carried– Ubiquitous to the network elements– Ethernet Transport OAM & PM; IP/MPLS Transport OAM & PM

Cisco Unified RAN Business Value

Capacity Increase Across a

Unified RAN Network 100

Cost reduction from

Cisco® Ethernet Energy Savings70

High Availability of

Unified RAN Backhaul Network6 9’s

Thank you.