shannon chapin groff, gisp - ofwim chapin groff, gisp ... photos: sam droege, jim wark, arthur...

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1 Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP Southern Environmental Law Center September 30, 2014

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Page 1: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

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Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP

Southern Environmental Law Center September 30, 2014

Page 2: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

The importance of bees

pollination = ecosystem service

valued at > $16.5 billion (Calderone et al. 2010)

wild blueberries, like 75% of the world’s specialty crops, benefit from animal pollination (Klein et al. 2007)

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with bees without bees

Page 3: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Lowbush blueberries

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Page 4: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Bees & wildlife

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Page 5: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Honeybees country’s second largest importer of non-native

honeybees

decline in honeybees = increased the cost of hive rentals (Pettis and Delaplane 2010)

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Page 6: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

The crop pollination problem

Adapted from Dave Hackenberg

Page 7: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Native bees

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Page 8: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

more productive adapted to local conditions no rental fees

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Native bees

Page 9: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Pollination Security for Fruit and Vegetable Crops in the Northeast

University of Maine, University of Massachusetts,

Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University & University of Tennessee

NY – apples, CT – squash and pumpkin, MA – cranberries, ME – wild blueberries

Develop recommendations for growers to sustainably

manage and protect native pollinator diversity in and around their farms

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Page 10: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Landscape and native bees

abundance

habitat

Proportion of habitat vs. native bee abundance

Ricketts et al. 2008; Lonsdorf et al. 2009, 2011; Garibaldi et al. 2011; Kennedy et al. 2013

richness

habitat

Isolation from habitat vs. native bee richness

Page 11: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

InVEST Crop Pollination Model

1 km

Aim: use landcover and user-provided parameters to remotely map pollinator relative abundance (Lonsdorf et al. 2009, 2011)

Page 12: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Research questions

Q1: InVEST model

??? Q4: simpler models

Q2: parameter

uncertainty

Q3: parameter

choice

Page 13: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Research question

Q1. Can we use the InVEST model to predict bee abundance in Maine’s blueberry fields and across the landscape? Why?

supplement field surveys gain prediction in areas that haven’t been

visited before

Page 14: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

InVEST Crop Pollination Model

bees

spring

summer

fall

foraging distance nest

guild

seasonal activity

level bare

ground cavity/ stems

forage suitability

nest suitability

bare ground

cavity/ stems

landcover classes

spring

summer

fall

Q1

Page 15: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Modeled species

Lasioglossum versatum

Augochlorella aurata

Halictus ligatus

Colletes inaequalis Osmia atriventris

Andrena carolina

Q1 Photos by Sam Droege

Page 16: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Lasioglossum versatum

Augochlorella aurata

Halictus ligatus

Colletes inaequalis Osmia atriventris

Andrena carolina

Halictidae

Halictidae

Halictidae

Modeled species

Q1 Photos by Sam Droege

Page 17: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Lasioglossum versatum

Augochlorella aurata

Halictus ligatus

Colletes inaequalis Osmia atriventris

Andrena carolina

Andrenidae Halictidae

Halictidae

Halictidae

Modeled species

Q1 Photos by Sam Droege

Page 18: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Lasioglossum versatum

Augochlorella aurata

Halictus ligatus

Colletes inaequalis Osmia atriventris

Andrena carolina

Andrenidae

Megachilidae

Halictidae

Halictidae

Halictidae

Modeled species

Q1 Photos by Sam Droege

Page 19: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Lasioglossum versatum

Augochlorella aurata

Halictus ligatus

Colletes inaequalis Osmia atriventris

Andrena carolina

Andrenidae

Megachilidae

Halictidae

Halictidae

Halictidae

Colletidae

Modeled species

Q1 Photos by Sam Droege

Page 20: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Methods

Develop Maine specific

parameters

Estimate foraging distances of 14 focal species

Conduct literature search and expert opinion survey

Augochlorella aurata

Q1

Page 21: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Study extent

Q1

Page 22: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Predicted abundance

Q1 r = 0.32, p < 0.05

Page 23: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Research question

Q3. What are the optimal parameters needed to predict bee abundance in Maine? Why?

Expert opinion is often sole technique Optimization fits the parameters to the data, to

get the best prediction across the modeled extent

Page 24: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Optimization method

Q3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

informedoptimization

uninformed

r = 0.49

r = 0.40

baseline r = 0.32

% im

prov

emen

t fro

m b

asel

ine

optimization

Page 25: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Research question

Q4. Is there a simpler model?

Why? InVEST model takes substantial time to run Specific parameters needed for each species

Page 26: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Deciduous forest

Q4

Page 27: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Model Comparison

Informed and uninformed models > expert

opinion model

Landscape perspective vs. targeted farms

Page 28: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

What you can do…

Wildflower-rich habitats are good for bees and other wildlife

Focus on providing season–long buffet Protect or provide nest sites

Avoid using insecticides

Page 29: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Environmental non-profit law organization

Focus – wildlife, wetlands, & coastal conservation, cleaner energy & air, sustainable forests & communities and improved water quality

Region – VA, NC, SC, GA, AL, TN

Page 30: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Fish Consumption Advisories

Albemarle Sound Affected Counties: Bertie, Camden, Chowan, Currituck, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Tyrrell, and Washington Site: Albemarle Sound from Bull Bay to Harvey Point; West to the mouth of the Roanoke River and to the mouth of the Chowan River to the U.S. Highway 17 Bridge Pollutant: Dioxins Date Issued: October 2001 Advisory: Catfish and carp from these waters may contain low levels of dioxins. Women of childbearing age and children should not eat any catfish or carp from this area until further notice. All other persons should eat no more than one meal per month of catfish and carp from this area. Swimming, boating, and other recreational activities present no known significant health risks and are not affected by this advisory.

Page 31: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Working Draft

Page 32: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Georgia Coastal Conservation

Page 33: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

NOx Reductions

Page 34: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Committee: Cyndy Loftin, co-advisor; Frank Drummond, co-advisor; Brian McGill Thank you... Luke Groff, Sara Bushmann, Eric Venturini, Brianne Looze, Allison Dibble, Kourtney Collum, Kayln Bickerman, Sam Hanes, David Yarborough, Judy Collins, Aaron Hoshide, Alex Bajcz, the Loftin Lab, Ivan Fernandez, Sam Droege, Howie Ginsberg, Eric Mader, Don Cameron, David Hiebeler, Don Katnik, Eric Lonsdorf, Eben Osgood, Eric Doucette, Taylor Ricketts, Constance Stubbs, Lois Stack, Colleen Teerling, Jill Weber, Lindsay Seward, Ian McCollough, WLE, EES & SBE faculty and staff, Organization of Fish and Wildlife Information Managers, Friends of Edith M. Patch, University of Maine Foundation - Norris Charles Clement Fund, Southern Environmental Law Center and last but not least, family & friends Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News, Amy Campbell, Xerces Society, Rufus Isaacs

Acknowledgments

Page 35: Shannon Chapin Groff, GISP - OFWIM Chapin Groff, GISP ... Photos: Sam Droege, Jim Wark, Arthur Morris, Frank Drummond, Eric Tournernet, MC Kearny, Maine ACF, Bangor Daily News,

Augochlorella aurata Photo by Sam Droege