Sermons of Raw Emotion: Sermons of Raw Emotion: The Great AwakeningThe Great Awakening

Reasons for The Great AwakeningReasons for The Great Awakening

Sermons of Raw EmotionSermons of Raw Emotion

The Out Comes of The AwakeningThe Out Comes of The Awakening

The Great Awakening 1730-1740 gave The Great Awakening 1730-1740 gave colonists a shared national religious colonists a shared national religious

experienceexperience

Reasons for The Great Reasons for The Great AwakeningAwakening

People felt that religion was People felt that religion was dry, dull and distantdry, dull and distant

Preachers felt that people Preachers felt that people needed to be concerned with needed to be concerned with inner emotions as opposed inner emotions as opposed to outward religious behaviorto outward religious behavior

People in New England can People in New England can read and interrupt the Bible read and interrupt the Bible on their ownon their own

George WhitefieldGeorge Whitefield

Puritan Minster who Puritan Minster who used raw emotional used raw emotional sermons to reach all sermons to reach all classes of colonistsclasses of colonists

Preached that “good Preached that “good works” and “godly lives” works” and “godly lives” would bring you would bring you salvationsalvation

Forced to give sermons Forced to give sermons in open areas (revivals)in open areas (revivals)

Jonathan Edwards a Puritan Minster terrified Jonathan Edwards a Puritan Minster terrified listeners with his sermon “Sinners in the listeners with his sermon “Sinners in the

Hands of an Angry God”Hands of an Angry God”

Outcomes of the Great Outcomes of the Great AwakeningAwakening

Birth of deep religious Birth of deep religious convictions in the convictions in the coloniescolonies

New churches built to New churches built to accommodate new accommodate new membersmembers

Colleges founded Colleges founded found to train new found to train new ministersministers

Outcomes of the Great Outcomes of the Great AwakeningAwakening

Encouraged ideas of Encouraged ideas of equality and right to equality and right to challenge authoritychallenge authority

Birth of charity and Birth of charity and charitable charitable organizationsorganizations

The Trial of John Peter The Trial of John Peter Zenger (August 4, 1735)Zenger (August 4, 1735)

http://www.courts.state.ny.us/history/images/zenger_tryal_illustration.jpg

Background to CaseBackground to Case

Zenger was a Zenger was a German printer who German printer who worked for the worked for the New New York Weekly JournalYork Weekly Journal

He wrote articles that He wrote articles that criticized NY criticized NY governor, William governor, William CosbyCosby

Cosby had Zenger Cosby had Zenger arrested for “seditious arrested for “seditious libel”libel”

http://www.webster.edu/fatc/zengpic2.jpg

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/zenger/freespeech.htm

Arguments of CaseArguments of Case Prosecution argued that Prosecution argued that

Zenger “wickedly and Zenger “wickedly and maliciously” printed articles maliciously” printed articles against the governor and his against the governor and his ministersministers Zenger legally couldn’t defend Zenger legally couldn’t defend

himself by trying to prove that himself by trying to prove that he published the truthhe published the truth

Zenger’s lawyer, Andrew Zenger’s lawyer, Andrew Hamilton, argued that the Hamilton, argued that the truth should determine if the truth should determine if the articles were libelous or notarticles were libelous or not

http://www.lib.umd.edu/RARE/IMG/Mdprinting/zenger.gif

Verdict of CaseVerdict of Case

The jury only took a The jury only took a “short time” to rule not “short time” to rule not guilty in favor of guilty in favor of ZengerZenger Jury initiated the Jury initiated the

practice of practice of jury jury nullificationnullification

The case opened the The case opened the turn for the freedom turn for the freedom of press rights found of press rights found in Bill of Rights (1789)in Bill of Rights (1789)

http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/zengertrial.jpg

Issues/Discussion QuestionsIssues/Discussion Questions

Is it dangerous for a Is it dangerous for a jury to use jury to use jury jury nullification?nullification?

What reaction did the What reaction did the verdict have with gov’t verdict have with gov’t officials? Common officials? Common people?people?

Is it fair for the gov’t to Is it fair for the gov’t to limit free speech in limit free speech in times of “national times of “national security”?security”?

http://www.maxwell.syr.edu/plegal/scales/zenger.gif

Work Cited Work Cited

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/zenger/zenger.html Great source for selected primary Great source for selected primary

sources, summary, images, sources, summary, images,

Dershowitz, Alan M. Dershowitz, Alan M. America on TrialAmerica on Trial. . Warner Books: New York, 2004.Warner Books: New York, 2004. Discusses briefly details of case and Discusses briefly details of case and

the significance of Zenger case to the significance of Zenger case to modern Americamodern America

http://www.uark.edu/depts/comminfo/cambridge/zenger.html Complete court record of Alexander Complete court record of Alexander

Hamilton’s defense of John Peter Hamilton’s defense of John Peter ZengerZenger

http://www.law.uh.edu/teacher/zenger/ Brief summary of Zenger caseBrief summary of Zenger case

http://www.maxwell.syr.edu/plegal/scales/zenger2.gif