Sensor  Technologies  on  Flexible  Substrates:  

In-­‐Space  Manufacturing  

Jessica  Koehne  Center  for  Nanotechnology  NASA  Ames  Research  Center  

4/26/2016  

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160012482 2018-07-02T15:28:06+00:00Z

In-­‐Space  Manufacturing  •  No  need  to  wait  for  resupply  •  FabricaJon  on-­‐demand  

•  Printers  and  FuncJonal  Inks  •  Compliant  or  woven  

substrates  allow  easy  integraJon  into  flexible  or  compliant  surfaces  

•  Technologies  include:  –  Energy  generaJon  &  storage  –  CommunicaJon  –  Integrated  circuits  –  Sensors  

• Click  to  add  Text  • Click  to  add  Text  

• Click  to  add  Text  

Title  in  here  

Substrates Inks Manufacturing Silicon Kapton Metal Glass Ceramic PAPER POLYMER

Conductor Semiconductor Insulator Passivation Catalyst Biological agent

Roll-to-Roll Screen Printing Gravure Transfer INK JET PLASMA JET

Carbon Nanotube Based eInk and Printing

Prin;ng  Materials  and  Methods  

•  Sensors fabricated on paper •  Gas sensor, chemical sensor, bio sensor, and strain gauge •  Detection of structural defects and cracks, structural health monitoring

•  Commercial: Intelligent packaging, advertising banner, newspaper

•  Features

•  Flexible, bendable, foldable •  Bio-degradable: green technology

•  Robust at cryogenic temperatures

•  Role-to-role printing or ink-jet printing process •  Cheaper than solid-state sensors

•  Biomedical: Single-time use, disposable

Advantages  of  Paper  

Prin;ng  Approaches  Fountain  Pen:  

Inkjet:  

Atmospheric  Pressure  Plasma  Jet:  

1  μm  

CNT

cellulose fiber

•  Glass  tube  or  nozzle;  two  copper  band  electrodes  (20  mm  apart)  

•  Helium  atmospheric  plasma    •  can  introduce  different  gases  for  

chemistry  control  (e.g.  hydrogen    for  reducJon)  

•  Nanocolloids,  organic  materials  etc.  transported  as  aerosol  by  carrier  gas  

•  Spot  size  can  be  altered  by  changing  print  head  nozzle  diameter  

•  MulJple  jets  for  different  coaJngs  

Atmospheric  Pressure  Plasma  Jet  

Technology  Demo:  Chemical  Sensing  

•  Humidity  and  NH3  Sensor  on  Paper  

•  NH3  Sensor  on  TexJles  

CNT network

Cellulous paper

Electrode(a) (b)

(c) (d)-40 0 40 80 120 160 200

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

60%

40%

30%

10%

Con

duct

ance

(µS

)

Time (min)

RH=

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40-1.0-0.5

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

NH

3 con

cent

ratio

n (p

pm)

Res

ista

nce

resp

onse

(%)

Time (min)

0

50

100

m e ta llic C N Ts

se m ico n d u c t in g C N Ts

humidity   ammonia  

Metallic  CNT

SemiconducJng  CNT

0 5 10 15 20 25 3056.6

56.8

57.0

57.2

57.4

Sens

itivi

ty (%

)

Res

ista

nce

(KΩ

)

Time (min)

0

1

2

8ppm 16ppm 24ppm

50ppm

purge

•  Sensors  on  Paper  

•  Sensor  on  Polyimide  

Technology  Demo:  Biological  Sensing  

!5.00E!07'

0.00E+00'

5.00E!07'

1.00E!06'

1.50E!06'

2.00E!06'

2.50E!06'

3.00E!06'

3.50E!06'

4.00E!06'

4.50E!06'

!0.40' !0.15' 0.10' 0.36' 0.61'

Current'(A)'

Potential'(V'vs.'SCE)'

w/o  CRP  

w/  75  ng/mL  CRP  

Sensors  on  Flexible  Substrates    for  Next  Genera;on  EVA  Suit  

•  Human  health  monitoring  –  Skin  Wearable  Sensors  

•  Sweat,  saliva,  urine,  blood  •  Health  &  human  performance  •  pH,  proteins,  ions,  etc.  

–  In  Suit  Sensors  •  Breath  •  Health  &  human  performance  •  O2,  CO2,  acetone,  NO2  

•  Environmental  monitoring  –  Gas  or  vapor  

•  CO,  NH3,  hydrazine  •  Structural  Health  Monitoring  

–  Strain  

Acknowledgements  

NASA  ARC  •  Jinwoo  Han  •  Ramprasad  Gandhiraman  •  Beomseok  Kim  •  Emily  Rand  •  Rakesh  Gupta  •  Ruchi  Pandya  •  Mikalojus  Brazdziunas  •  Josephine  Cunningham  •  Nicholas  Brenes  •  Tony  Ricco  •  Jing  Li  •  M.  Meyyappan  

Collaborators  •  Gregory  WhiJng  –  PARC  •  Richard  Crooks  –  UT  AusJn  •  David  Estrada  –  Boise  State