sedimentary rocks sediments lithification deposition transport erosion

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From Sediment to Rock Most sedimentary rocks are formed through a series of processes: erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation.

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Sedimentary Rocks Sediments Lithification Deposition Transport Erosion
Weathering From Sediment to Rock Most sedimentary rocks are formed through a series of processes: erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation. Weathering Mechanical & Chemical Weathering
The sediments that make up sedimentary rocks are produced by: Mechanical & Chemical Weathering Mechanical Weathering Chemical Weathering Mineral Stability Products of Weathering
Lithic (Rock) Fragments (granite, basalt, schist, etc.) Dissolved Ions (Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, etc.) Rust Minerals (Hematite, Goertite, etc.) Clay Minerals (Bentonite, Montmorillonite, etc.) Residual Minerals (Quartz, Orthoclase, Muscovite, etc.) Erosion & Transport Water Wind Ice Gravity Deposition Lithification Sediment Rock Cementation Typical Cement: Calcite Quartz Sedimentary Rocks Identification Note: Use the same terms to describe
sediments & sedimentary rocks. Only difference is lithification! Rock Identification is based on:
CompositionWhat minerals make up the rock? TextureWhat is the shape, size and orientation of the mineral grains that make up the rock?Major Difference: Crystalline vs. Clastic Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Detrital Rocks Chemical Rocks vs. Difference: Texture Detrital (Clastic Texture) vs
Difference: Texture Detrital (Clastic Texture) vs. Chemical (Crystalline Texture) Detrital Rock Composition
Detrital Rocks Lithic Fragments Quartz Clay Minerals Fossil Fragments Rust Minerals Orthoclase Muscovite / Biotite Detrital Rock Texture Clastic Texture Grain Size Grain Sorting
Grain Rounding Sediment Maturity Grain Size Gravel 2mm Sand 1/16 mm Mud - Silt 1/256 mm Mud - Clay Detrital Rock Names (Based Primarily on Grain Size)
Gravel Sized: Conglomerate Sand Sized: Sandstone Mud Sized: Mudstone Siltstone Shale Sorting Grain Roundness Gravel Sized Detrital Rocks (Subdivided Based on Grain Roundness)
Conglomerate Breccia Maturity Immature Mature Well Sorted Poorly Sorted Well Rounded
All Quartz Immature Poorly Sorted Angular grains Mixed Composition including clay Sandstones (Subdivided based on maturity)
Quartz Sandstone Arkose (Sandstone) Lithic Sandstone Sandstones (Subdivided based on maturity) Greywacke Sandstones Under a Scope Detrital Sedimentary Rock ID Chemical Rock Texture Crystalline Texture Coarse Fine Chemical Sedimentary Rocks (Names based primarily on composition)
Calcite Quartz (silica) Halite Gypsum Carbon / Plant Remains Basic Rock Name Limestone Chert Rock Salt Rock Gypsum Peat or Coal Chemical Rocks (Names based mainly on composition)
Crystalline Limestone Limestones Fossiliferous Limestone Chalk Chemical Rocks (cont.) Evaportites Chert Rock Salt Rock Gypsum Coal Chemical Sedimentary Rock ID Sedimentary Rocks on Earth