sedimentary rocks sediments lithification deposition transport erosion
DESCRIPTION
From Sediment to Rock Most sedimentary rocks are formed through a series of processes: erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation.TRANSCRIPT
Sedimentary Rocks Sediments Lithification Deposition Transport
Erosion
Weathering From Sediment to Rock Most sedimentary rocks are formed
through a series of processes: erosion, deposition, compaction, and
cementation. Weathering Mechanical & Chemical Weathering
The sediments that make up sedimentary rocks are produced by:
Mechanical & Chemical Weathering Mechanical Weathering Chemical
Weathering Mineral Stability Products of Weathering
Lithic (Rock) Fragments (granite, basalt, schist, etc.) Dissolved
Ions (Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, etc.) Rust Minerals (Hematite,
Goertite, etc.) Clay Minerals (Bentonite, Montmorillonite, etc.)
Residual Minerals (Quartz, Orthoclase, Muscovite, etc.) Erosion
& Transport Water Wind Ice Gravity Deposition Lithification
Sediment Rock Cementation Typical Cement: Calcite Quartz
Sedimentary Rocks Identification Note: Use the same terms to
describe
sediments & sedimentary rocks. Only difference is
lithification! Rock Identification is based on:
CompositionWhat minerals make up the rock? TextureWhat is the
shape, size and orientation of the mineral grains that make up the
rock?Major Difference: Crystalline vs. Clastic Types of Sedimentary
Rocks
Detrital Rocks Chemical Rocks vs. Difference: Texture Detrital
(Clastic Texture) vs
Difference: Texture Detrital (Clastic Texture) vs. Chemical
(Crystalline Texture) Detrital Rock Composition
Detrital Rocks Lithic Fragments Quartz Clay Minerals Fossil
Fragments Rust Minerals Orthoclase Muscovite / Biotite Detrital
Rock Texture Clastic Texture Grain Size Grain Sorting
Grain Rounding Sediment Maturity Grain Size Gravel 2mm Sand 1/16 mm
Mud - Silt 1/256 mm Mud - Clay Detrital Rock Names (Based Primarily
on Grain Size)
Gravel Sized: Conglomerate Sand Sized: Sandstone Mud Sized:
Mudstone Siltstone Shale Sorting Grain Roundness Gravel Sized
Detrital Rocks (Subdivided Based on Grain Roundness)
Conglomerate Breccia Maturity Immature Mature Well Sorted Poorly
Sorted Well Rounded
All Quartz Immature Poorly Sorted Angular grains Mixed Composition
including clay Sandstones (Subdivided based on maturity)
Quartz Sandstone Arkose (Sandstone) Lithic Sandstone Sandstones
(Subdivided based on maturity) Greywacke Sandstones Under a Scope
Detrital Sedimentary Rock ID Chemical Rock Texture Crystalline
Texture Coarse Fine Chemical Sedimentary Rocks (Names based
primarily on composition)
Calcite Quartz (silica) Halite Gypsum Carbon / Plant Remains Basic
Rock Name Limestone Chert Rock Salt Rock Gypsum Peat or Coal
Chemical Rocks (Names based mainly on composition)
Crystalline Limestone Limestones Fossiliferous Limestone Chalk
Chemical Rocks (cont.) Evaportites Chert Rock Salt Rock Gypsum Coal
Chemical Sedimentary Rock ID Sedimentary Rocks on Earth