Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University 1

A. Bones of the Cerebral Cranium (A. Bones of the Cerebral Cranium ( 脑颅骨脑颅骨 ))

B. Bones of the Facial Cranium (B. Bones of the Facial Cranium ( 面颅骨面颅骨 ))

Section 5 The Skull (The Skull ( 颅颅骨骨 ))

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A. Bones of CA. Bones of Cerebral erebral CCraniumranium

1. Frontal bone (额骨 )

2. Parietal bones (顶骨 )

3. Occipital bone (枕骨 )

4. Ethmoid bone (筛骨 )

5. Temporal bones (颞骨 )

6. Sphenoid bone (蝶骨 )

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The SkullThe SkullMale

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1. Maxillae ( 上颌骨 )2. Palatine bones ( 腭骨 )3. Zygomatic bones ( 颧骨 )4. Nasal bones ( 鼻骨 )5. Lacrimal bones ( 泪骨 )6. Inferior nasal conchae ( 下鼻甲 )7. Vomer ( 犁骨 )8. Mandible ( 下颌骨 )9. Hyoid bone ( 舌骨 )

B. Bones of FB. Bones of Facial acial CCraniumranium

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1. The Superior Aspect of the Skull -- coronal suture ( 冠状缝 )

sagittal suture ( 矢状缝 )

lambdoid suture ( 人字缝 )

parietal foramen ( 顶孔 )

parietal tubercles ( 顶结节 )

bregma ( 前囟点 )

lambda ( 人字点 )

C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole

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C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole

external occipital protuberance

( 枕外隆凸 ) superior nuchal lin

e ( 上项线 ) [landmark of the c

erebellum 小脑定位标志 ]

2. The Posterior Aspect of the Skull --

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FF MM

C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole

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3. The Lateral Aspect of the Skull --C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole

zygomatic arch ( 颧弓 )superior temporal line ( 上

颞线 )inferior temporal line ( 下

颞线 )temporal fossa ( 颞 窝 )pterion ( 翼点 )external acoustic pore ( 外耳门 )

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mastoid process ( 乳突 ) articular tubercle ( 关节结节 )infratemporal fossa ( 颞下窝 )pterygopalatine fossa ( 翼腭窝 )

C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole

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C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole

MMFF

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a. Orbital aperture (Base) ( 眶口 )-- supraorbital margin (眶上缘 ) supraorbital foramen (notch) [眶上孔 (切迹 )] infraorbital margin (眶下缘 ) infraorbital foramen (眶下孔 )b. Apex ( 眶尖 )-- optic canal (视神经管 )c. Superior wall ( 上壁 ) fossa for the lacrimal gland (泪腺窝 )

4. The Anterior Aspect of the Skull 1) The Orbits ( 眶 ) --

C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole

Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University 12

C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Wholed. Inferior wall ( 下壁 ) infraorbital groove (眶下沟 ) infraorbital canal (眶下管 ) e. Medial wall ( 内侧壁 ) fossa for lacrimal sac (泪囊窝 )

superior orbital fissure (眶上裂 )inferior orbital fissure (眶下裂 )

f. Lateral wall ( 外侧壁 )

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C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole2) The Bony Nasal Cavity ( 骨性鼻腔 ) a. Apertures -- piriform aperture (梨状孔 ) posterior nasal aperture (鼻后孔 )

Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University 14

C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Wholeb. Walls -- bony septum of nose ( 骨鼻中隔 ) [deviation of nasal septum 鼻中隔偏曲 ] External wall ( 外侧壁 ) superior nasal concha (上鼻甲 ) middle nasal concha (中鼻甲 )

inferior nasal concha (下鼻甲 ) superior nasal meatus (上鼻道 ) middle nasal meatus (中鼻道 )

inferior meatus (下鼻道 )

nasolacrimal canal (鼻泪管 )

sphenoethmoidal recess (蝶筛隐窝 ).

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C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Wholec. Paranasal sinuses ( 鼻旁窦 )--

frontal sinuses (额窦 )

maxillary sinuses

(上颌窦 )

ethmoidal sinuses

(筛窦 )

sphenoid sinuses

(蝶窦 )

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C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a WholeFF MM

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5. The Internal Aspect of the Skull Cap--C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole

sulcus for superior

sagittal sinus

(上矢状窦沟 )

granular foveolae

(颗粒小凹 )

[depressed cranial fracture 颅骨凹陷骨折 ]

Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University 18

C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole6. The InternalAspect of the Base of the Skull -- 1) ant. cranial fossa (颅前窝 ) 2) middle cranial fossa (颅中窝 ) 3) post. cranial fossa (颅后窝 )

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C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole1) Anterior cranial fossa ( 颅前窝 ) -- foramen cecum (盲孔 ), cribriform plate (筛板 ) cribriform foramina (筛孔 ), crista galli (鸡冠 ) [basicranial fracture 颅底骨折 ]

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2) Middle cranial fossa ( 颅中窝 ) -- sella turcica (蝶鞍 ), hypophysial fossa (垂体窝 ) dorsum sellae (鞍背 ), sulcus prechiasmaticus (交叉前沟 ), optic canal (视神经管 ),

C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole

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anterior clinoid process (前床突 ), posterior clinoid process (后床突 ), foramen rotundum (圆孔 ), foramen ovale (卵圆孔 ), foramen spinosum (棘孔 ),

C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole

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foramen lacerum (破裂孔 ), tegmen tympani (鼓室盖 ), trigeminal impression (三叉神经压迹 ), sulcus for middle meningeal artery (脑膜中动脉沟 ), supraorbital fissure (眶上裂 ).

C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole

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C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole3) Posterior cranial fossa ( 颅后窝 ) -- internal acoustic pore (内耳门 ), internal acoustic meatus (内耳道 ), jugular foramen (颈静脉孔 ), foramen magnum (大孔 ), sulcus for transverse sinus (横窦沟 ), sulcus for sigmoid sinus (乙状窦沟 ), internal occipital pro-

tuberance (枕内隆凸 ), internal occipital crest (枕内嵴 ), hypoglossal canal (舌下神经管 ).

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C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole7. The External Aspect of the Base of the Skull -- alveolar process (牙槽突 ) alveolar arch (牙槽弓 )

dental alveoli (牙槽 )incisive foramen (切牙孔 )greater palatine foramen (腭大孔 )lateral pterygoid plate (翼突外侧板 )

Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University 25

medial pterygoid plate (翼突内侧板 )foramen ovale (卵圆孔 ) foramen spinosum (棘孔 )foramen lacerum (破裂孔 ) external opening of carotid canal (颈动脉管外口 ) jugular foramen (颈静脉孔 )occipital condyle (枕髁 )external opening of hypoglossal canal (舌下神经管外口 )

C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Whole

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C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a Wholestyloid process (茎突 )stylomastoid foramen (茎乳孔 )external occipital prot

uberance (枕外隆凸 )condylar canal (髁管 )superior nuchal line (上项线 )inferior nuchal line (下项线 )

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C. The Skull as a WholeC. The Skull as a WholeMMFF

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D. The MandibleD. The Mandible1. Body of the Mandible ( 下颌体 ) 1) alveolar arch (牙槽弓 ) 2) mental protuberance (颏隆起 ) 3) mental foramen (颏孔 ) 4) mental spine (颏棘 )2. Ramus of the Mandible ( 下颌支 ) 1) coronoid process (冠突 ) 2) condylar process (髁突 ) a. head of mandible (下颌头 ) b. neck of mandible (下颌颈 )

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D. The MandibleD. The Mandible

M 43yrM 43yr

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M 43yrM 43yr

D. The MandibleD. The Mandible

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M 43yrM 43yr

D. The MandibleD. The Mandible

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anterior fontanelle (前囟 ) 1.5 yr closedposterior fontanelle (后囟 ) 2 – 3 m closedanterolateral fontanelle (前外侧囟 )posterolateral fontanelle (后外侧囟 )

E. The Skull at BirthE. The Skull at Birth