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Page 1: Section 319 Success Stories - Arkansas Department … · Section 319 Success Stories:Section 319 Success Stories: 1 The Successful Implementation of the Clean Water Act’s ... Farm
Page 2: Section 319 Success Stories - Arkansas Department … · Section 319 Success Stories:Section 319 Success Stories: 1 The Successful Implementation of the Clean Water Act’s ... Farm

Section 319 Success StoriesVolume III:The Successful Implementation of the Clean Water Act’sSection 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution Program

Page 3: Section 319 Success Stories - Arkansas Department … · Section 319 Success Stories:Section 319 Success Stories: 1 The Successful Implementation of the Clean Water Act’s ... Farm

United States Environmental Protection AgencyOffice of Water

4503FWashington, DC 20460

EPA 841-S-01-001February 2002

Section 319 Success Stories Volume III:The Successful Implementation

of the Clean Water Act’s Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution Program

For copies of this document, contact:

National Service Center for Environmental PublicationsPhone: 1-800-490-9198

Fax: 513-489-8695web: www.epa.gov/ncepihom

or visit the web at:www.epa.gov/owow/nps

Page 4: Section 319 Success Stories - Arkansas Department … · Section 319 Success Stories:Section 319 Success Stories: 1 The Successful Implementation of the Clean Water Act’s ... Farm

Section 319 Success StoriesVolume III:

The Successful Implementation of theClean Water Act’s Section 319Nonpoint Source Pollution Program

United States Environmental Protection AgencyOffice of WaterWashington, DC

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iContents

Section 319 Success Stories:Section 319 Success Stories:Section 319 Success Stories:Section 319 Success Stories:Section 319 Success Stories: 1The Successful Implementation of the Clean Water Act’s

Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution Program

ALABAMA

Flint CrFlint CrFlint CrFlint CrFlint Creek Week Week Week Week Watershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 7Multiagency Effort Results in Water Quality Improvements

TTTTTuscumbia-Fort Payne Aquifer Pruscumbia-Fort Payne Aquifer Pruscumbia-Fort Payne Aquifer Pruscumbia-Fort Payne Aquifer Pruscumbia-Fort Payne Aquifer Protection Protection Protection Protection Protection Program:ogram:ogram:ogram:ogram: 8Multiagency, Cooperative Approach Protects Aquifer

ALASKA

Restoration WRestoration WRestoration WRestoration WRestoration Work on the Kenai:ork on the Kenai:ork on the Kenai:ork on the Kenai:ork on the Kenai: 10Section 319 Funds Are Key to Youth Restoration Corps’s Success

Road and StrRoad and StrRoad and StrRoad and StrRoad and Stream Cream Cream Cream Cream Crossing Prossing Prossing Prossing Prossing Project in Toject in Toject in Toject in Toject in Tongass National Forongass National Forongass National Forongass National Forongass National Forest:est:est:est:est: 11New Data Help Identify Needed Fish Habitat Restoration

AMERICAN SAMOA

Nu’uuli Pala Lagoon Restoration PrNu’uuli Pala Lagoon Restoration PrNu’uuli Pala Lagoon Restoration PrNu’uuli Pala Lagoon Restoration PrNu’uuli Pala Lagoon Restoration Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 12Efforts Spread to Other Island Villages

ARIZONA

Restoration in Nutrioso CrRestoration in Nutrioso CrRestoration in Nutrioso CrRestoration in Nutrioso CrRestoration in Nutrioso Creek:eek:eek:eek:eek: 13Successful Results Beginning to Show

Sediment Reduction at HackberrSediment Reduction at HackberrSediment Reduction at HackberrSediment Reduction at HackberrSediment Reduction at Hackberry Ranch:y Ranch:y Ranch:y Ranch:y Ranch: 16Reduction of 4 Tons Per Acre Realized

ARKANSAS

BufBufBufBufBuffalo National River Wfalo National River Wfalo National River Wfalo National River Wfalo National River Watershed Partnerships:atershed Partnerships:atershed Partnerships:atershed Partnerships:atershed Partnerships: 17Partners Improve Swine Waste Management

A Community ApprA Community ApprA Community ApprA Community ApprA Community Approach to Managing Manuroach to Managing Manuroach to Managing Manuroach to Managing Manuroach to Managing Manure in the Bufe in the Bufe in the Bufe in the Bufe in the Buffalo River Wfalo River Wfalo River Wfalo River Wfalo River Watershed:atershed:atershed:atershed:atershed: 19Local Watershed Assistance Program Helps Dairy Farmers

CALIFORNIA

Grassland Bypass PrGrassland Bypass PrGrassland Bypass PrGrassland Bypass PrGrassland Bypass Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 21Economic Incentives Program Helps to Improve Water Quality

TTTTTurning Historurning Historurning Historurning Historurning History Ary Ary Ary Ary Around:ound:ound:ound:ound: 23Stream Restoration Reclaims a Meadow While Helping to Control Floods

COLORADO

Mining Remediation in the Chalk CrMining Remediation in the Chalk CrMining Remediation in the Chalk CrMining Remediation in the Chalk CrMining Remediation in the Chalk Creek Week Week Week Week Watershed:atershed:atershed:atershed:atershed: 25Project Demonstrates Exciting Possibilities

Rio Blanco Restoration:Rio Blanco Restoration:Rio Blanco Restoration:Rio Blanco Restoration:Rio Blanco Restoration: 27Adopted Rocks and Homemade Jelly Help Fund Demonstration Project

CONNECTICUT

Center Springs Pond Restoration PrCenter Springs Pond Restoration PrCenter Springs Pond Restoration PrCenter Springs Pond Restoration PrCenter Springs Pond Restoration Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 29Skaters and Fish Return to Pond

Lake WLake WLake WLake WLake Waramaug Waramaug Waramaug Waramaug Waramaug Watershed Agricultural Watershed Agricultural Watershed Agricultural Watershed Agricultural Watershed Agricultural Waste Management System:aste Management System:aste Management System:aste Management System:aste Management System: 31One Farm Can Make a Difference

DELAWARE

Partners Upgrade Septic Systems in CoverPartners Upgrade Septic Systems in CoverPartners Upgrade Septic Systems in CoverPartners Upgrade Septic Systems in CoverPartners Upgrade Septic Systems in Coverdale Crdale Crdale Crdale Crdale Crossrossrossrossrossroads:oads:oads:oads:oads: 33Quality of Life Improved for Residents

Contents

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Contents (cont.)DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Marsh Restoration and Island Enhancement PrMarsh Restoration and Island Enhancement PrMarsh Restoration and Island Enhancement PrMarsh Restoration and Island Enhancement PrMarsh Restoration and Island Enhancement Projects at Kingman Lake:ojects at Kingman Lake:ojects at Kingman Lake:ojects at Kingman Lake:ojects at Kingman Lake: 34Tidal Wetland Habitats Re-created

The WThe WThe WThe WThe Watts Branch Initiative:atts Branch Initiative:atts Branch Initiative:atts Branch Initiative:atts Branch Initiative: 36Community Involvement Key to Success

FLORIDA

Blackwater River Restoration:Blackwater River Restoration:Blackwater River Restoration:Blackwater River Restoration:Blackwater River Restoration: 37Project Demonstrates Mechanics of Erosion and Effectiveness of BMPs

BrBrBrBrBrevarevarevarevarevard County’d County’d County’d County’d County’s Urban Storm Ws Urban Storm Ws Urban Storm Ws Urban Storm Ws Urban Storm Water Retrater Retrater Retrater Retrater Retrofitting Profitting Profitting Profitting Profitting Projects:ojects:ojects:ojects:ojects: 38Lessons Learned About Design, Location, and Monitoring

GEORGIA

BrBrBrBrBroad River Stroad River Stroad River Stroad River Stroad River Streambank Stabilization Preambank Stabilization Preambank Stabilization Preambank Stabilization Preambank Stabilization Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 40Tree Revetments Rescue Eroding Banks

North GrifNorth GrifNorth GrifNorth GrifNorth Griffin Storm Wfin Storm Wfin Storm Wfin Storm Wfin Storm Water Detention Pond Prater Detention Pond Prater Detention Pond Prater Detention Pond Prater Detention Pond Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 41Constructed Wetland System Protects Water, Wins Award

GUAM

Ugum WUgum WUgum WUgum WUgum Watershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 42Students Plant Acacia Seedlings to Help Restore Watershed

HAWAII

He’eia Coastal Restoration PrHe’eia Coastal Restoration PrHe’eia Coastal Restoration PrHe’eia Coastal Restoration PrHe’eia Coastal Restoration Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 43Thousands of Volunteers Replace Alien Plants with Native Species

Integration of AquaculturIntegration of AquaculturIntegration of AquaculturIntegration of AquaculturIntegration of Aquaculture with Te with Te with Te with Te with Tarararararo Pro Pro Pro Pro Production:oduction:oduction:oduction:oduction: 44Nonpoint Source Pollutants Reduced in Demonstration Project

IDAHO

ConserConserConserConserConservation in Hatwai Crvation in Hatwai Crvation in Hatwai Crvation in Hatwai Crvation in Hatwai Creek:eek:eek:eek:eek: 45Partners Work Together on Four Successful Projects

Restoring the Paradise CrRestoring the Paradise CrRestoring the Paradise CrRestoring the Paradise CrRestoring the Paradise Creek Week Week Week Week Watershed:atershed:atershed:atershed:atershed: 47Phased Approach Implemented to Address Pollution and Flooding

StrStrStrStrStreambank Stabilization in theeambank Stabilization in theeambank Stabilization in theeambank Stabilization in theeambank Stabilization in the Thomas Fork WThomas Fork WThomas Fork WThomas Fork WThomas Fork Watershed:atershed:atershed:atershed:atershed: 49Photo Monitoring Sells Landowners on Bank Stabilization

ILLINOIS

Lake Pittsfield PrLake Pittsfield PrLake Pittsfield PrLake Pittsfield PrLake Pittsfield Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 50Ninety Percent Reduction in Sediment Loading Achieved

Restoration of the Flint CrRestoration of the Flint CrRestoration of the Flint CrRestoration of the Flint CrRestoration of the Flint Creek Week Week Week Week Watershed:atershed:atershed:atershed:atershed: 52Restoration Partnership Completes Multiple Projects

INDIANA

Blue River Riparian ReforBlue River Riparian ReforBlue River Riparian ReforBlue River Riparian ReforBlue River Riparian Reforestation:estation:estation:estation:estation: 53The Nature Conservancy Gets Landowners Involved

Little Pine CrLittle Pine CrLittle Pine CrLittle Pine CrLittle Pine Creek and Indian Week and Indian Week and Indian Week and Indian Week and Indian Watersheds:atersheds:atersheds:atersheds:atersheds: 55Constructed Wetland System Averts Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution

IOWA

Bigalk CrBigalk CrBigalk CrBigalk CrBigalk Creek Week Week Week Week Watershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 56Rainbow Trout Population Rebounds

The Lake Fisher WThe Lake Fisher WThe Lake Fisher WThe Lake Fisher WThe Lake Fisher Water Quality Prater Quality Prater Quality Prater Quality Prater Quality Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 57Chipped Tires Help Protect Public Water Supply

Pine CrPine CrPine CrPine CrPine Creek Week Week Week Week Water Quality Prater Quality Prater Quality Prater Quality Prater Quality Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 59Life Expectancy of Pine Lakes Extended

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KANSAS

Braeburn Golf Course PrBraeburn Golf Course PrBraeburn Golf Course PrBraeburn Golf Course PrBraeburn Golf Course Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 60Nitrates Reduced by More Than 80 Percent

On-site Sewage Disposal on DifOn-site Sewage Disposal on DifOn-site Sewage Disposal on DifOn-site Sewage Disposal on DifOn-site Sewage Disposal on Difficult Sites:ficult Sites:ficult Sites:ficult Sites:ficult Sites: 62Special Conditions Demand Alternative Response

KENTUCKY

Elkhorn CrElkhorn CrElkhorn CrElkhorn CrElkhorn Creek BMP Demonstration Preek BMP Demonstration Preek BMP Demonstration Preek BMP Demonstration Preek BMP Demonstration Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 63Farmers See Water Supply Alternatives in Action

LOUISIANA

Bayou Plaquemine Brule:Bayou Plaquemine Brule:Bayou Plaquemine Brule:Bayou Plaquemine Brule:Bayou Plaquemine Brule: 64Louisiana Applies Satellite Imagery to Watershed Planning and Management

Flat River and Red Chute Bayou WFlat River and Red Chute Bayou WFlat River and Red Chute Bayou WFlat River and Red Chute Bayou WFlat River and Red Chute Bayou Watersheds:atersheds:atersheds:atersheds:atersheds: 66BMPs Reduce Soil Loss

MAINE

Highland Lake WHighland Lake WHighland Lake WHighland Lake WHighland Lake Watershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 67Hotspots Model Links Land Use and Water Quality

Silver Spring BrSilver Spring BrSilver Spring BrSilver Spring BrSilver Spring Brook Wook Wook Wook Wook Watershed Demonstration Pratershed Demonstration Pratershed Demonstration Pratershed Demonstration Pratershed Demonstration Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 69Landowners’ Cooperation Plus Town’s Commitment Equals Success

MARYLAND

Evaluating the EfEvaluating the EfEvaluating the EfEvaluating the EfEvaluating the Effectiveness of Marfectiveness of Marfectiveness of Marfectiveness of Marfectiveness of Maryland’yland’yland’yland’yland’s Fors Fors Fors Fors Forestrestrestrestrestry BMPs:y BMPs:y BMPs:y BMPs:y BMPs: 71Paired Watershed Study Tests BMP Performance

MASSACHUSETTS

BrBrBrBrBroad Marsh River Storm Woad Marsh River Storm Woad Marsh River Storm Woad Marsh River Storm Woad Marsh River Storm Water Remediation Prater Remediation Prater Remediation Prater Remediation Prater Remediation Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 72Infiltration Structures Reduce Pollutants, Save Shellfish Beds

Lake TLake TLake TLake TLake Tashmoo Storm Washmoo Storm Washmoo Storm Washmoo Storm Washmoo Storm Water Remediation Prater Remediation Prater Remediation Prater Remediation Prater Remediation Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 74First Flush Leaching Basins More Effective Than Expected

MICHIGAN

Innovative Farmers of Michigan:Innovative Farmers of Michigan:Innovative Farmers of Michigan:Innovative Farmers of Michigan:Innovative Farmers of Michigan: 76Blending Farm Profitability and Water Quality Protection

Little Rabbit River WLittle Rabbit River WLittle Rabbit River WLittle Rabbit River WLittle Rabbit River Watershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 78One-to-One Approach Wins Landowners’ Support

MINNESOTA

North St. Paul Urban Ecology Center:North St. Paul Urban Ecology Center:North St. Paul Urban Ecology Center:North St. Paul Urban Ecology Center:North St. Paul Urban Ecology Center: 80Wetland Improvements Needed to Control Storm Water

Prior Lake/Spring Lake ImprPrior Lake/Spring Lake ImprPrior Lake/Spring Lake ImprPrior Lake/Spring Lake ImprPrior Lake/Spring Lake Improvement Provement Provement Provement Provement Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 81Long-Term Implementation Strategy Off to a Good Start

MISSISSIPPI

Muddy CrMuddy CrMuddy CrMuddy CrMuddy Creek Week Week Week Week Watershed Demonstration Pratershed Demonstration Pratershed Demonstration Pratershed Demonstration Pratershed Demonstration Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 83BMPs Retain 3,500 Tons of Soil per Year

Roebuck Lake Demonstration PrRoebuck Lake Demonstration PrRoebuck Lake Demonstration PrRoebuck Lake Demonstration PrRoebuck Lake Demonstration Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 84Slotted-Board Risers Installed to Save Topsoil and Improve Water Quality

MISSOURI

Mississippi Delta Irrigation WMississippi Delta Irrigation WMississippi Delta Irrigation WMississippi Delta Irrigation WMississippi Delta Irrigation Water Management Prater Management Prater Management Prater Management Prater Management Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 85Irrigation Efficiency Improved

Upper Niangua Grazing Demonstration PrUpper Niangua Grazing Demonstration PrUpper Niangua Grazing Demonstration PrUpper Niangua Grazing Demonstration PrUpper Niangua Grazing Demonstration Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 87Counties Unite to Start Demonstration Farms

Contents (cont.)

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MONTANA

CarCarCarCarCareless Creless Creless Creless Creless Creek Week Week Week Week Watershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 90Sediment Delivery Reduced by 25 Percent

Restoration in Muddy CrRestoration in Muddy CrRestoration in Muddy CrRestoration in Muddy CrRestoration in Muddy Creek:eek:eek:eek:eek: 92Will a Name Change Be Needed?

NEBRASKA

WWWWWalnut Cralnut Cralnut Cralnut Cralnut Creek Lake Preek Lake Preek Lake Preek Lake Preek Lake Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 94Partnership Drives Watershed Protection

WWWWWellhead Prellhead Prellhead Prellhead Prellhead Protection in Guide Rock:otection in Guide Rock:otection in Guide Rock:otection in Guide Rock:otection in Guide Rock: 95Village Closes Abandoned Wells to Protect Water Supply

NEVADA

Martin Slough WMartin Slough WMartin Slough WMartin Slough WMartin Slough Water Quality Enhancement Prater Quality Enhancement Prater Quality Enhancement Prater Quality Enhancement Prater Quality Enhancement Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 97Water Quality Improves in the Upper Carson River Basin

Middle Carson River Restoration PrMiddle Carson River Restoration PrMiddle Carson River Restoration PrMiddle Carson River Restoration PrMiddle Carson River Restoration Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 98Bioengineering Used to Restore Unstable Banks

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Chocorua Lake PrChocorua Lake PrChocorua Lake PrChocorua Lake PrChocorua Lake Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 100BMPs Reduce Phosphorus by 82 Percent

Lake Opechee WLake Opechee WLake Opechee WLake Opechee WLake Opechee Watershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 101City-State Partnership Takes on Multiple Pollutants

NEW JERSEY

Restoration of Strawbridge Lake:Restoration of Strawbridge Lake:Restoration of Strawbridge Lake:Restoration of Strawbridge Lake:Restoration of Strawbridge Lake: 103 Volunteers Assist in Stabilizing Shoreline and Constructing Wetlands

The Stony BrThe Stony BrThe Stony BrThe Stony BrThe Stony Brook-Millstone Wook-Millstone Wook-Millstone Wook-Millstone Wook-Millstone Watershed Restoration Pratershed Restoration Pratershed Restoration Pratershed Restoration Pratershed Restoration Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 104Streamwatch Volunteers Monitor Success of Restoration Efforts

NEW MEXICO

Lower Bitter CrLower Bitter CrLower Bitter CrLower Bitter CrLower Bitter Creek Restoration Preek Restoration Preek Restoration Preek Restoration Preek Restoration Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 105Sediment Loads Reduced by Implementing BMPs

VVVVValle Grande Grass Bank Walle Grande Grass Bank Walle Grande Grass Bank Walle Grande Grass Bank Walle Grande Grass Bank Water Quality Imprater Quality Imprater Quality Imprater Quality Imprater Quality Improvement Provement Provement Provement Provement Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 107Success Breeds More Success

NEW YORK

Keuka Lake WKeuka Lake WKeuka Lake WKeuka Lake WKeuka Lake Watershed:atershed:atershed:atershed:atershed: 109Grape Growers Implement Soil Conservation Practices

WWWWWappingers Crappingers Crappingers Crappingers Crappingers Creek Week Week Week Week Watershed:atershed:atershed:atershed:atershed: 110AEM Program Plays a Vital Role

NORTH CAROLINA

Edenton Storm WEdenton Storm WEdenton Storm WEdenton Storm WEdenton Storm Water Water Water Water Water Wetland Pretland Pretland Pretland Pretland Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 111Wetland Systems Reduce Nitrogen Concentrations

Goose CrGoose CrGoose CrGoose CrGoose Creek Urban Streek Urban Streek Urban Streek Urban Streek Urban Stream Rehabilitation Pream Rehabilitation Pream Rehabilitation Pream Rehabilitation Pream Rehabilitation Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 113Ecosystem Protection Practices Installed in Low-Income Neighborhood

NORTH DAKOTA

Cottonwood CrCottonwood CrCottonwood CrCottonwood CrCottonwood Creek Week Week Week Week Watershed:atershed:atershed:atershed:atershed: 114Project Is a Success in the Works

Red River Basin Riparian PrRed River Basin Riparian PrRed River Basin Riparian PrRed River Basin Riparian PrRed River Basin Riparian Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 117Turtle River Site Passes the Test

Contents (cont.)

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OHIO

Stillwater River WStillwater River WStillwater River WStillwater River WStillwater River Watershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Protection Protection Protection Protection Protection Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 119High Local Interest Helps Launch Watershed Project

TTTTToussaint River Incentive Improussaint River Incentive Improussaint River Incentive Improussaint River Incentive Improussaint River Incentive Improvement Provement Provement Provement Provement Program:ogram:ogram:ogram:ogram: 120Buffer Project Becomes a Model of Conservation Partnership

OKLAHOMA

Acid Mine Drainage TAcid Mine Drainage TAcid Mine Drainage TAcid Mine Drainage TAcid Mine Drainage Trrrrreatment Weatment Weatment Weatment Weatment Wetlands:etlands:etlands:etlands:etlands: 122A Sustainable Solution for Abandoned Mine Problems

Poteau River ComprPoteau River ComprPoteau River ComprPoteau River ComprPoteau River Comprehensive Wehensive Wehensive Wehensive Wehensive Watershed Management Pratershed Management Pratershed Management Pratershed Management Pratershed Management Program:ogram:ogram:ogram:ogram: 124Local Involvement Ensures Program Sustainability

The Spring CrThe Spring CrThe Spring CrThe Spring CrThe Spring Creek Preek Preek Preek Preek Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 126Streambanks Stabilized Through Stream Restoration

OREGON

Dawson WDawson WDawson WDawson WDawson Wetland Restoration Pretland Restoration Pretland Restoration Pretland Restoration Pretland Restoration Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 128Landowners and Wetlands Both Win

South Myrtle CrSouth Myrtle CrSouth Myrtle CrSouth Myrtle CrSouth Myrtle Creek Ditch Preek Ditch Preek Ditch Preek Ditch Preek Ditch Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 129Removal of Dam Benefits Aquatic Life

WWWWWet Meadow Restoration in the Upper Grande Ronde Basin:et Meadow Restoration in the Upper Grande Ronde Basin:et Meadow Restoration in the Upper Grande Ronde Basin:et Meadow Restoration in the Upper Grande Ronde Basin:et Meadow Restoration in the Upper Grande Ronde Basin: 131Channel Restoration Brings Cooler Waters

PENNSYLVANIA

NarrNarrNarrNarrNarrows Bioengineering Prows Bioengineering Prows Bioengineering Prows Bioengineering Prows Bioengineering Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 132Cold-Water Fishery Restored Through Bioengineering

VVVVVillanova’illanova’illanova’illanova’illanova’s Storm Ws Storm Ws Storm Ws Storm Ws Storm Water Water Water Water Water Wetland Retretland Retretland Retretland Retretland Retrofit:ofit:ofit:ofit:ofit: 133BMP Treats Runoff and Provides Research Site

PUERTO RICO

Coastal Nonpoint SourCoastal Nonpoint SourCoastal Nonpoint SourCoastal Nonpoint SourCoastal Nonpoint Source Contrce Contrce Contrce Contrce Controls:ols:ols:ols:ols: 135Executive Order Adopts Section 6217(g) Management Measures as Official Policy

RHODE ISLAND

Curran BrCurran BrCurran BrCurran BrCurran Brook Sedimentation Pond:ook Sedimentation Pond:ook Sedimentation Pond:ook Sedimentation Pond:ook Sedimentation Pond: 136Multiple Partners Construct Storm Water Control System

Galilee Salt Marsh Restoration:Galilee Salt Marsh Restoration:Galilee Salt Marsh Restoration:Galilee Salt Marsh Restoration:Galilee Salt Marsh Restoration: 137Undersized Culverts Replaced with Self-Regulating Gates

SOUTH CAROLINA

Constructed WConstructed WConstructed WConstructed WConstructed Wetlands for Failing Septic Tetlands for Failing Septic Tetlands for Failing Septic Tetlands for Failing Septic Tetlands for Failing Septic Tanks:anks:anks:anks:anks: 139New Technologies Solve an Old Problem

Stevens CrStevens CrStevens CrStevens CrStevens Creek Week Week Week Week Watershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 140Demonstration Sites Show Reductions in Fecal Coliform Bacteria

SOUTH DAKOTA

Big Stone Lake Restoration PrBig Stone Lake Restoration PrBig Stone Lake Restoration PrBig Stone Lake Restoration PrBig Stone Lake Restoration Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 141Better Water Quality Improves Fisheries, Recreation

Management-Intensive Grazing PrManagement-Intensive Grazing PrManagement-Intensive Grazing PrManagement-Intensive Grazing PrManagement-Intensive Grazing Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 143Rotational Grazing Reduces Erosion, Increases Profits

TENNESSEE

Ghost River Land Acquisition PrGhost River Land Acquisition PrGhost River Land Acquisition PrGhost River Land Acquisition PrGhost River Land Acquisition Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 144 River Protected by Restoring Forested Wetlands

Using Constructed W Using Constructed W Using Constructed W Using Constructed W Using Constructed Wetlands to Clean Up Pesticides:etlands to Clean Up Pesticides:etlands to Clean Up Pesticides:etlands to Clean Up Pesticides:etlands to Clean Up Pesticides: 146 Container Nurseries Will Benefit from Successful Pilot-Scale Study

Contents (cont.)

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TEXAS

Atrazine PrAtrazine PrAtrazine PrAtrazine PrAtrazine Problems in the Lake Aquilla and Marlin City Lake System:oblems in the Lake Aquilla and Marlin City Lake System:oblems in the Lake Aquilla and Marlin City Lake System:oblems in the Lake Aquilla and Marlin City Lake System:oblems in the Lake Aquilla and Marlin City Lake System: 147Farmers Take a Proactive Stance

On-Farm Composting of DairOn-Farm Composting of DairOn-Farm Composting of DairOn-Farm Composting of DairOn-Farm Composting of Dairy Cattle Solid Wy Cattle Solid Wy Cattle Solid Wy Cattle Solid Wy Cattle Solid Waste:aste:aste:aste:aste: 148Protecting Water Quality While Producing a Salable Product

UTAH

Little Bear River PrLittle Bear River PrLittle Bear River PrLittle Bear River PrLittle Bear River Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 149Voluntary Approaches Yield Success

Success in the Chalk CrSuccess in the Chalk CrSuccess in the Chalk CrSuccess in the Chalk CrSuccess in the Chalk Creek Week Week Week Week Watershed:atershed:atershed:atershed:atershed: 151Reduced Phosphorus, Enhanced Habitat Result

VERMONT

Flow Restoration Below HydrFlow Restoration Below HydrFlow Restoration Below HydrFlow Restoration Below HydrFlow Restoration Below Hydroelectric Facilities:oelectric Facilities:oelectric Facilities:oelectric Facilities:oelectric Facilities: 153Relicensing Offers Opportunity to Increase Stream Flows

Lake Champlain Basin WLake Champlain Basin WLake Champlain Basin WLake Champlain Basin WLake Champlain Basin Watershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 154Significant Pollutant Reductions Achieved

VIRGINIA

Cabin Branch Mine Orphaned Land PrCabin Branch Mine Orphaned Land PrCabin Branch Mine Orphaned Land PrCabin Branch Mine Orphaned Land PrCabin Branch Mine Orphaned Land Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 156Flora and Fauna Benefit from Mine Reclamation

TTTTToncrae Mine Orphaned Land Proncrae Mine Orphaned Land Proncrae Mine Orphaned Land Proncrae Mine Orphaned Land Proncrae Mine Orphaned Land Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 158Mine Site Reclamation Increases Species Diversity

VIRGIN ISLANDS

VVVVViririririrgin Islands Partnership:gin Islands Partnership:gin Islands Partnership:gin Islands Partnership:gin Islands Partnership: 160Alternative Treatment Systems Prevent Contamination of Coastal Waters

WASHINGTON

Best Management Practices on Model Horse Farms:Best Management Practices on Model Horse Farms:Best Management Practices on Model Horse Farms:Best Management Practices on Model Horse Farms:Best Management Practices on Model Horse Farms: 161Farm Plan Management Reduces Nutrients and Sediment

A Moo-ving ApprA Moo-ving ApprA Moo-ving ApprA Moo-ving ApprA Moo-ving Approach to Dairoach to Dairoach to Dairoach to Dairoach to Dairy Wy Wy Wy Wy Waste Management:aste Management:aste Management:aste Management:aste Management: 162Fecal Coliform Pollution Reduced in Whatcom County

Sediment Reduction in YSediment Reduction in YSediment Reduction in YSediment Reduction in YSediment Reduction in Yakima River Basin:akima River Basin:akima River Basin:akima River Basin:akima River Basin: 164People Become Stewards of Their Own Watershed

WEST VIRGINIA

The North Fork PrThe North Fork PrThe North Fork PrThe North Fork PrThe North Fork Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 165Farmers’ Cooperation Leads to Proposed Delisting of Degraded River

WISCONSIN

Otter CrOtter CrOtter CrOtter CrOtter Creek Preek Preek Preek Preek Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 168319 National Monitoring Program Goals Met

Success in Spring CrSuccess in Spring CrSuccess in Spring CrSuccess in Spring CrSuccess in Spring Creek Week Week Week Week Watershed:atershed:atershed:atershed:atershed: 169Natural Reproduction of Trout Confirms Water Quality Improvement

WYOMING

Jackson Hole Rodeo GrJackson Hole Rodeo GrJackson Hole Rodeo GrJackson Hole Rodeo GrJackson Hole Rodeo Grounds Snow Storage Site:ounds Snow Storage Site:ounds Snow Storage Site:ounds Snow Storage Site:ounds Snow Storage Site: 170Filtration System Reduces Urban Storm Water Runoff

Muddy CrMuddy CrMuddy CrMuddy CrMuddy Creek Cooreek Cooreek Cooreek Cooreek Coordinated Resourdinated Resourdinated Resourdinated Resourdinated Resource Management Prce Management Prce Management Prce Management Prce Management Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 172Cattle Ranches and Trout Streams Can Coexist

Contents (cont.)

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INFORMATION AND EDUCATION PROGRAMS

Ranch WRanch WRanch WRanch WRanch Water Quality Planning:ater Quality Planning:ater Quality Planning:ater Quality Planning:ater Quality Planning: 175Voluntary Rangeland Management Eases Impacts on California Watersheds

Colorado WColorado WColorado WColorado WColorado Water Prater Prater Prater Prater Protection Protection Protection Protection Protection Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 176League of Women Voters Guides Extensive Urban NPS Campaign

Nonpoint Education for Municipal OfNonpoint Education for Municipal OfNonpoint Education for Municipal OfNonpoint Education for Municipal OfNonpoint Education for Municipal Officials (NEMO):ficials (NEMO):ficials (NEMO):ficials (NEMO):ficials (NEMO): 177Successful Connecticut Project Used as Model Nationwide

Florida YFlorida YFlorida YFlorida YFlorida Yararararards & Neighborhoods Prds & Neighborhoods Prds & Neighborhoods Prds & Neighborhoods Prds & Neighborhoods Program:ogram:ogram:ogram:ogram: 179More Than 1.2 Million People Reached

The Salt CrThe Salt CrThe Salt CrThe Salt CrThe Salt Creek Wilderness:eek Wilderness:eek Wilderness:eek Wilderness:eek Wilderness: 180Illinois Zoo Offers Interactive Environmental Learning Experience

North Dakota Eco-Ed Camps:North Dakota Eco-Ed Camps:North Dakota Eco-Ed Camps:North Dakota Eco-Ed Camps:North Dakota Eco-Ed Camps: 182Thousands of Students Have Fun While Learning

University of Rhode Island Onsite WUniversity of Rhode Island Onsite WUniversity of Rhode Island Onsite WUniversity of Rhode Island Onsite WUniversity of Rhode Island Onsite Wastewater Tastewater Tastewater Tastewater Tastewater Training Center:raining Center:raining Center:raining Center:raining Center: 183Pioneering Agency Teaches, Demonstrates Innovative Systems

WWWWWater Action Vater Action Vater Action Vater Action Vater Action Volunteers:olunteers:olunteers:olunteers:olunteers: 184WAV and Its Partners Make a Difference in Wisconsin

StrStrStrStrStream Monitoring Network with Wyoming Schools:eam Monitoring Network with Wyoming Schools:eam Monitoring Network with Wyoming Schools:eam Monitoring Network with Wyoming Schools:eam Monitoring Network with Wyoming Schools: 185Trained Teams Initiate, Expand School Monitoring Programs

INNOVATIVE STATE PROGRAMS

California’California’California’California’California’s BIOS Prs BIOS Prs BIOS Prs BIOS Prs BIOS Program:ogram:ogram:ogram:ogram: 187Growers Adopt Whole-System Management Approach to Reduce Pesticide Use

Maui County ErMaui County ErMaui County ErMaui County ErMaui County Erosion and Sediment Controsion and Sediment Controsion and Sediment Controsion and Sediment Controsion and Sediment Control Tol Tol Tol Tol Training Prraining Prraining Prraining Prraining Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 189Workshops Explain Ordinance, Teach BMP Installation

Idaho’Idaho’Idaho’Idaho’Idaho’s Dairs Dairs Dairs Dairs Dairy Pollution Pry Pollution Pry Pollution Pry Pollution Pry Pollution Prevention Initiative:evention Initiative:evention Initiative:evention Initiative:evention Initiative: 191Unique Program Eliminates Direct Dairy Discharges

CrCrCrCrCreating a Storm Weating a Storm Weating a Storm Weating a Storm Weating a Storm Water Utility in Chicopee, Massachusetts:ater Utility in Chicopee, Massachusetts:ater Utility in Chicopee, Massachusetts:ater Utility in Chicopee, Massachusetts:ater Utility in Chicopee, Massachusetts: 193Project Praised as Outstanding Planning Project

New YNew YNew YNew YNew York’ork’ork’ork’ork’s Agricultural Envirs Agricultural Envirs Agricultural Envirs Agricultural Envirs Agricultural Environmental Management Pronmental Management Pronmental Management Pronmental Management Pronmental Management Program:ogram:ogram:ogram:ogram: 195Incentive-based Program Helps Farmers Meet Tough Standards

South CarSouth CarSouth CarSouth CarSouth Carolina Forolina Forolina Forolina Forolina Forestrestrestrestrestry BMP Compliance Pry BMP Compliance Pry BMP Compliance Pry BMP Compliance Pry BMP Compliance Program:ogram:ogram:ogram:ogram: 197Proactive Strategy Raises BMP Compliance Rate

Statewide Clean Marina PrStatewide Clean Marina PrStatewide Clean Marina PrStatewide Clean Marina PrStatewide Clean Marina Programs:ograms:ograms:ograms:ograms: 198BMPs, Recognition, and Outreach Help Protect Coastal Resources

Contents (cont.)

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viii Contents

STATE FUNDING PROGRAMS

California’California’California’California’California’s Ws Ws Ws Ws Water Bond Prater Bond Prater Bond Prater Bond Prater Bond Programogramogramogramogram 201

California’California’California’California’California’s Loan Prs Loan Prs Loan Prs Loan Prs Loan Programsogramsogramsogramsograms 202

Florida ForFlorida ForFlorida ForFlorida ForFlorida Forever Prever Prever Prever Prever Programogramogramogramogram 202

GeorGeorGeorGeorGeorgia’gia’gia’gia’gia’s Grs Grs Grs Grs Greenspace Preenspace Preenspace Preenspace Preenspace Programogramogramogramogram 203

Iowa’Iowa’Iowa’Iowa’Iowa’s Ws Ws Ws Ws Water Quality Initiativeater Quality Initiativeater Quality Initiativeater Quality Initiativeater Quality Initiative 203

Maine’Maine’Maine’Maine’Maine’s Funding Prs Funding Prs Funding Prs Funding Prs Funding Programsogramsogramsogramsograms 205

Clean Michigan InitiativeClean Michigan InitiativeClean Michigan InitiativeClean Michigan InitiativeClean Michigan Initiative 206

Minnesota’Minnesota’Minnesota’Minnesota’Minnesota’s Clean Ws Clean Ws Clean Ws Clean Ws Clean Water Partnership Prater Partnership Prater Partnership Prater Partnership Prater Partnership Programogramogramogramogram 206

Reinvest in Minnesota (RIM) PrReinvest in Minnesota (RIM) PrReinvest in Minnesota (RIM) PrReinvest in Minnesota (RIM) PrReinvest in Minnesota (RIM) Programogramogramogramogram 207

New HampshirNew HampshirNew HampshirNew HampshirNew Hampshire’e’e’e’e’s Ws Ws Ws Ws Water Supply Land Conserater Supply Land Conserater Supply Land Conserater Supply Land Conserater Supply Land Conservation Grant Prvation Grant Prvation Grant Prvation Grant Prvation Grant Programogramogramogramogram 208

New Jersey’New Jersey’New Jersey’New Jersey’New Jersey’s Funding Prs Funding Prs Funding Prs Funding Prs Funding Programsogramsogramsogramsograms 208

New YNew YNew YNew YNew York’ork’ork’ork’ork’s Clean Ws Clean Ws Clean Ws Clean Ws Clean Water/Clean Air Bond Actater/Clean Air Bond Actater/Clean Air Bond Actater/Clean Air Bond Actater/Clean Air Bond Act 209

North CarNorth CarNorth CarNorth CarNorth Carolina’olina’olina’olina’olina’s Clean Ws Clean Ws Clean Ws Clean Ws Clean Water Management Tater Management Tater Management Tater Management Tater Management Trust Fundrust Fundrust Fundrust Fundrust Fund 209

Clean Ohio FundClean Ohio FundClean Ohio FundClean Ohio FundClean Ohio Fund 210

OrOrOrOrOregon’egon’egon’egon’egon’s Ws Ws Ws Ws Watershed Restoration Grantsatershed Restoration Grantsatershed Restoration Grantsatershed Restoration Grantsatershed Restoration Grants 210

Pennsylvania’Pennsylvania’Pennsylvania’Pennsylvania’Pennsylvania’s Grs Grs Grs Grs Growing Growing Growing Growing Growing Greener Preener Preener Preener Preener Programogramogramogramogram 211

VVVVVermont’ermont’ermont’ermont’ermont’s Funding Prs Funding Prs Funding Prs Funding Prs Funding Programsogramsogramsogramsograms 212

VVVVViririririrginia’ginia’ginia’ginia’ginia’s Ws Ws Ws Ws Water Quality Imprater Quality Imprater Quality Imprater Quality Imprater Quality Improvement Actovement Actovement Actovement Actovement Act 213

WWWWWashington’ashington’ashington’ashington’ashington’s Ws Ws Ws Ws Water Quality Funding Prater Quality Funding Prater Quality Funding Prater Quality Funding Prater Quality Funding Programsogramsogramsogramsograms 214

Wisconsin’Wisconsin’Wisconsin’Wisconsin’Wisconsin’s Grant Prs Grant Prs Grant Prs Grant Prs Grant Programs for Runofograms for Runofograms for Runofograms for Runofograms for Runoff Managementf Managementf Managementf Managementf Management 214

State ConserState ConserState ConserState ConserState Conservation Reservation Reservation Reservation Reservation Reserve Enhancement Prve Enhancement Prve Enhancement Prve Enhancement Prve Enhancement Programsogramsogramsogramsograms 215

Clean WClean WClean WClean WClean Water State Revolving Fund Prater State Revolving Fund Prater State Revolving Fund Prater State Revolving Fund Prater State Revolving Fund Programsogramsogramsogramsograms 215

TRIBAL SECTION 319 PROJECTS

Restoring WRestoring WRestoring WRestoring WRestoring Watersheds by Decommissioning Foratersheds by Decommissioning Foratersheds by Decommissioning Foratersheds by Decommissioning Foratersheds by Decommissioning Forest Roads:est Roads:est Roads:est Roads:est Roads: 217Karuk Tribe and Forest Service Form Successful Partnership

Winchester Lake WWinchester Lake WWinchester Lake WWinchester Lake WWinchester Lake Watershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Pratershed Project:oject:oject:oject:oject: 219Local Partners Join in Implementing TMDL Plan

WWWWWater Quality Best Management Practices Plan:ater Quality Best Management Practices Plan:ater Quality Best Management Practices Plan:ater Quality Best Management Practices Plan:ater Quality Best Management Practices Plan: 220Choctaw Tribe Addresses Soil Erosion

Restoring Little PorRestoring Little PorRestoring Little PorRestoring Little PorRestoring Little Porcupine Crcupine Crcupine Crcupine Crcupine Creek:eek:eek:eek:eek: 221Alternative Water Sources and Grazing Rotation Help to Restore Stream

StrStrStrStrStreambank Restoration at Bradley and Standingdeer Campgreambank Restoration at Bradley and Standingdeer Campgreambank Restoration at Bradley and Standingdeer Campgreambank Restoration at Bradley and Standingdeer Campgreambank Restoration at Bradley and Standingdeer Campgrounds:ounds:ounds:ounds:ounds: 221An Innovative Solution Solves a Common Problem

GlossarGlossarGlossarGlossarGlossaryyyyy G-1

AppendixAppendixAppendixAppendixAppendix A-1Success Story Index and Sources

Contents (cont.)

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Buffalo National River Watershed Partnerships:Partners Improve Swine Waste Management

Buffalo River Watershed, Arkansas

The Buffalo River watershed in north-central

Arkansas covers 860,000 acres. From the headwa-

ters in the Boston Mountains, the Buffalo River

flows unobstructed for 150 miles eastward to the

confluence with the White River. Because of the

unique scenic and scientific features associated

with the free-flowing river, Congress established

the Buffalo National River Watershed in 1972 to

preserve this national treasure for future genera-

tions. The federal and state governments own 40

percent of the watershed, primarily in the head-

waters and along a narrow riparian corridor of the

river. About 60 percent of the basin is privately

owned, including most of the larger tributaries.

The Arkansas Department of Environmental

Quality (ADEQ) has designated the Buffalo River

an Extraordinary Resource Water and a Natural

and Scenic Waterway, the highest water quality

designation given by the state. Although the water

quality in the Buffalo River at present is very

good, several tributaries have been affected or

threatened by agricultural activities. In 1992 there

were 39 confined animal operations within the

watershed, including 12 swine farrowing opera-

tions, one broiler operation, and 26 dairy facilities.

All of the swine operations and 10 of the dairy

facilities had Liquid Animal Waste Management

Systems (LAWMS). At that time, the ADEQ

Water Division received notice of intent from a

watershed farmer to construct a 540-sow/pig

farrowing operation adjacent to National Park

property and less than a mile from the river. Ma-

nure land application sites for the proposed swine

facility were as close as ¼ mile to the river. All of

the existing watershed swine operations were

located on the southern edge of the drainage

basin in an area underlain by sandstone and shale.

If the proposed swine facility was built, it would

be the first swine operation located in such close

proximity to the river and within a karst terrain.

Both citizens and resource agencies expressed

concern over the construction and operation of a

confined swine facility so close to the river. Per-

sonnel from the ADEQ Water and Environmental

Preservation Divisions performed an investigation

of confined animal operations within the water-

shed, visiting and evaluating 16 swine and dairy

operations. Results of the watershed investigation

showed that most LAWMS were not being oper-

ated and maintained in a manner that would elimi-

nate or minimize the amount of waste leaving the

farms. Subsequently, the ADEQ secured grant

money to further study the problems revealed

during the watershed investigation.

Project goals and methodology

The Buffalo River Swine Waste Demonstration

Project was initiated in 1995 with the primary goal

Contact:Sandi FormicaEnvironmental PreservationDivisionArkansas Department ofEnvironmental [email protected]

A R K A N S A S

Primary Sources ofPollution:• agriculture (confined

animal operations)

Primary NPS Pollutants:• nitrogen• phosphorus• fecal coliform bacteria

Project Activities:• revised storm water

diversions and wastecollection systems

• revised operational practices(changes in phosphorusapplication practices and on-site storage capacity)

Results:• 90 percent decrease in

nutrient concentrations

www.state.ar.us/aswcc/NPS_Webpage/Mgmnt.html

Arkansas

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of protecting the high-quality water in the Buffalo

National River watershed by working with the

local farmers and government agencies to identify

and address the problems associated with the

LAWMS. This 5-year, 319-funded project evalu-

ated existing swine liquid waste management

practices and demonstrated the benefits of new or

improved best management practices (BMPs) in

protecting water quality. The project objectives

included evaluating the effectiveness of existing

LAWMS BMPs (including design, training, and

management aspects) by monitoring water quality

and waste management practices at cooperating

farms, improving existing BMPs or implementing

new BMPs, and evaluating changes in the water

quality and the operation of the LAWMS as a

result of improved or new BMPs implemented at

cooperating farms.

Other project goals included demonstrating

to farmers and various government agencies the

effectiveness of proper waste management at

confined animal operations in protecting water

quality. Nutrient loads in surface water were esti-

mated before and after BMP implementation.

Storm water runoff studies also were conducted

to document nutrient loss from manure land

application sites. In addition, waste management

practices were documented before and after BMP

implementation through frequent site visits and

farm management surveys.

Waste management and water quality

improvements

New or modified BMPs were implemented at the

six cooperating farms based on site-specific prob-

lems and included the following:

• Storm water diversions were improved or

installed.

• All-weather access to LAWMS was im-

proved or installed.

• Storage capacity for liquid waste was in-

creased.

• Waste collection systems were repaired.

New or modified BMPs associated with

operational practices were also implemented and

included decreasing fresh water usage; performing

routine manure solids removal; and improving

overall farm nutrient management by using a

waste pumping service for solids handling, prop-

erly sampling manure holding structures to deter-

mine nutrient content, reducing phosphorus

application rates, and increasing available acres for

land application. In addition, 91 percent of the

watershed’s farmers had accumulated solids re-

moved from the LAWMS, reestablishing the maxi-

mum available manure storage capacity at their

facilities.

As a result of the new or modified BMPs,

substantial improvements were documented in

waste management practices. Free-board problems

associated with waste storage ponds were reduced

by 66 percent at cooperating farms. Overall, farm-

ers began to manage the manure generated at their

facilities for its fertilizer value, which reduced the

time and expense associated with the LAWMS.

Using water quality monitoring data collected on a

stream (less than 1 square mile drainage area) adja-

cent to a poorly operated swine facility, preliminary

estimates indicated that 3,000 pounds of total

nitrogen and 400 pounds of total phosphorus were

lost to the stream on an annual basis. Following

BMP implementation, preliminary estimates

indicated that nutrient loads in the stream were

decreased by approximately 90 percent.

Partnerships to solve complex problems

This project involved building working relation-

ships with watershed swine farmers, the swine

industry, local Natural Resources Conservation

Service staff, the Newton County Conservation

Arkansas

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District, and the Environmental Preservation,

Water, and Technical Services Divisions of

ADEQ to improve LAWMS operation and

swine manure management. All of the partners

in the project cooperated to evaluate the data

generated on LAWMS and to develop BMPs.

New or improved BMPs were installed by ex-

tending cost-share programs and working one-

on-one with individual farmers to ensure that

all aspects of the waste system were under-

stood. Emphasis was placed on finding eco-

nomical solutions to waste management prob-

lems. Other groups, such as the Arkansas Soil

and Water Conservation Commission, the Ar-

kansas Pork Producers, and the University of

Arkansas, contributed a considerable amount of

time, resources, and technical expertise to help

make this project a success.

Swine farmers in the Buffalo River watershed

have successfully changed their waste manage-

ment practices and are using the fertilizer benefit

of the manure generated at their facilities while

minimizing their impact on the environment.

Information gained from this project has been

presented at farmer training meetings and has

helped swine producers statewide to improve their

manure management practices. All of the partners

participating in the project received an EPA Re-

gion 6 Partnerships for Environmental Excellence

Award in 1998. The award acknowledged the

contribution of each partner in cooperating to

solve complex environmental problems.

A Community Approach to Managing Manure in theBuffalo River Watershed:

Local Watershed Assistance Program Helps Dairy FarmersBuffalo River Watershed, Arkansas

The Environmental Preservation Division of the

Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality

(ADEQ) was awarded a section 319 grant in 1997

to evaluate the effectiveness of “dairy manure

management alternatives,” designed for facilities

with 100 cows or fewer, in minimizing nutrient

and bacteria loads leaving farm sites. The dairy

319 project worked with dairy farmers and gov-

ernment agencies in the Buffalo River watershed,

as well as with state and federal agencies, to de-

velop and implement solutions to better manage

manure in the watershed.

From the beginning of the dairy 319 project,

the ADEQ project staff sought out cooperation

with other agencies, the dairy cooperative, and

dairy farmers in the Buffalo River watershed by

forming a task force with representatives from all

interested parties. Key relationships were devel-

Contact:Sandi FormicaEnvironmental PreservationDivisionArkansas Department ofEnvironmental [email protected]

A R K A N S A S

Primary Sources ofPollution:• agriculture (dairy waste)

Primary NPS Pollutants:• nutrients• bacteria

Project Activities:• dairy manure

management practices• manure clean-out service• comprehensive nutrient

management planning

Results:• comprehensive local

watershed assistanceprogram

www.state.ar.us/aswcc/NPS_Webpage/Mgmnt.html

Arkansas

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oped between the ADEQ project staff and the

Conservation District Boards, Natural Resources

Conservation Service staff, and the dairy farmers

in the watershed.

Most of the dairy farm owners in the Buffalo

River watershed volunteered to participate in the

dairy 319 project. The Buffalo Conservation

District staff contacted farmers and requested

individual meetings with them at their farms.

During these meetings, the project staff explained

the project to the farmers and requested their

participation on a voluntary basis. In exchange for

participation in the study, farmers hoped that the

project would result in developing better informa-

tion regarding the operation of manure manage-

ment systems or finding a source of funding for

improving their manure management systems.

Dairy operations and manure management

In 1994 there were 27 dairy facilities operating in

the Buffalo River watershed. Recent financial

difficulties have taken their toll on Arkansas dairy

farmers, and today only 18 dairy facilities still

operate in the watershed. Finding economic solu-

tions to improve manure management at these

small dairy facilities continues to be a challenge.

After an exhaustive investigation into the

manure management practices of the dairy industry

in the Buffalo River watershed, it became apparent

that the 18 watershed farmers did not have the

specialized equipment required to handle the differ-

ent waste streams generated from the confinement

of the cows at their farms. Although several indi-

vidual problems were identified, such as ineffective

fertilizer utilization and improper land application

practices that increase the potential for contami-

nants to be transported in storm runoff, all of

these problems originate from the lack of adequate

manure handling equipment in the watershed.

Therefore, the funding set aside for implementing

best management practices (BMPs) in the water-

shed as part of the dairy 319 project was focused

on solving identified manure handling problems.

Local watershed assistance program

To help accomplish the dairy 319 project goal of

improving dairy manure management, partner-

ships were formed among the ADEQ, local

NRCS, and the Buffalo Conservation District to

develop a local watershed assistance program

(LWAP). The program is administered through

the Buffalo Conservation District office. It has

been designed to provide a low-cost, effective

solution to the manure handling problems identi-

fied throughout the watershed. In addition, the

program will enable farmers to receive the maxi-

mum fertilizer benefits of their dairy manure

while minimizing farm impacts on the environ-

ment. The LWAP includes the development of a

local clean-out service, long-term clean-out sched-

uling, initial cost-share assistance, and comprehen-

sive nutrient management planning.

As part of the LWAP, the Buffalo Conservation

District provides a manure clean-out service for

dairy farmers and an operator to maintain and oper-

ate the equipment. Easily transportable equipment

for manure removal, including a side-discharge

manure spreader, submersible pump, and pit agitator,

will be purchased as part of the LWAP. This service

provides dairy farmers in the Buffalo River water-

shed with a method to handle dairy manure without

having to purchase and maintain specialized and

seldom-used equipment. Additionally, by providing

an operator, the program allows the dairy farmer

more time to spend on milk production and other

farm management responsibilities.

With the hope of increasing participation, up

to 75 percent of the cost-share money will initially

be available for watershed dairy farmers who use

the program’s manure handling service. To be

Arkansas

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eligible for the program, the farmer is required to

develop a long-term clean-out schedule for the

dairy facility. ADEQ and NRCS staff will assist

participating dairy facilities with the development

of the 12-month clean-out schedules. This will

ensure that solids are removed within the designed

storage time for each manure management system.

Meetings were held to present the results of

the dairy 319 project and introduce the LWAP,

Grassland Bypass Project:Economic Incentives Program Helps to Improve Water Quality

Grassland Drainage Area, California

C A L I F O R N I A

Contacts:Joe McGahanDrainage Coordinator for theGrassland Area [email protected] KarkoskiCentral Valley Regional WaterQuality Control Board916-255-3368

Primary Sources ofPollution:• agricultural drainage

Primary NPS Pollutants:• selenium

Project Activities:• establishing selenium

discharge caps• instituting tradable loads

program

Results:• reductions in selenium

load discharges

Agricultural runoff is one of the primary sources

of discharge to rivers and streams that do not

meet water quality standards, affecting 70 percent

of these impaired waters. This problem is particu-

larly challenging in the western United States,

where roughly 50 million acres of land are de-

voted to irrigated agriculture and where agricul-

tural drainage and runoff provide a significant

proportion of river flows during dry seasons.

The Grassland Drainage Area is an agricul-

tural region on the west side of California’s San

Joaquin Valley. The agricultural land there is pro-

ductive, but the soil contains a high level of sele-

nium, a naturally occurring trace element.

Selenium accumulates in the agricultural drainage

water that collects in the tiles installed to drain

excess water from the fields. In 1983 this problem

received national attention when deaths and de-

formities in wildlife at the Kesterson Reservoir

were attributed to selenium-contaminated drain-

age from outside the Grassland Drainage Area. In

the early 1990s, selenium-laden drainage from the

Grassland Drainage Area was still being dis-

charged into other federal and state wildlife ref-

uges, threatening important ecosystems and

associated fish and wildlife.

An innovative tradable loads program

The Grassland Bypass Project is an innovative

program designed to improve water quality in the

channels used to deliver water to wetland areas. In

1996 several irrigation and drainage districts

formed the “Grassland Area Farmers,” a regional

drainage entity that includes some 97,000 acres of

irrigated farmland.

www.coastal.ca.gov/nps/npsndx.html

California

and they were attended by most of the dairy

farmers in the watershed. Farmers in the Buffalo

River watershed understand the importance of

preserving water quality and were receptive to the

LWAP. They realize that the program can help

them economically manage and utilize dairy ma-

nure while protecting water quality in the water-

shed in which they live.

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A - 1A - 1A - 1A - 1A - 1Appendix

Alabama

Alabama

Alaska

Alaska

American Samoa

Arizona

Arizona

Arkansas

AppendixSuccess Story Index and Sources

Flint Creek WatershedProject: MultiagencyEffort Results in WaterQuality Improvements

Tuscumbia-Fort PayneAquifer ProtectionProgram: Multiagency,Cooperative ApproachProtects Aquifer

Restoration Work on theKenai: Section 319 FundsAre Key to YouthRestoration Corps’ Success

Road and StreamCrossing Project inTongass National Forest:New Data Help IdentifyNeeded Fish HabitatRestoration

Nu’uuli Pala LagoonRestoration Project:Efforts Spread to OtherIsland Villages

Restoration in NutriosoCreek: Successful ResultsBeginning to Show

Sediment Reduction atHackberry Ranch:Reduction of 4 Tons PerAcre Realized

Buffalo National RiverWatershed Partnerships:Partners Improve SwineWaste Management

Submitted by Norm Blakely, Alabama Departmentof Environmental Management.

Information for this success story was gleaned from“A Multi-Agency Cooperative Approach to AquiferProtection: Program Completion,” by Enid Probst,Ph.D., Alabama Department of EnvironmentalManagement. Submitted by Norm Blakey, AlabamaDepartment of Environmental Management.

Submitted by Kent Patrick-Riley, Alaska Departmentof Environmental Conservation.

Information for this success story was gleaned fromTongass Road Condition Survey Report (TechnicalReport No. 00-7) by Linda Shea Flanders and JimCariello, Alaska Department of Fish and Game,Habitat and Restoration Division, June 2000.Submitted by Kent Patrick-Riley, Alaska Departmentof Environmental Conservation.

Submitted by Carl Goldstein, EPA Region 9.

Information for this success story was gleaned fromNutrioso Creek Turbidity TMDL, ArizonaDepartment of Environmental Quality (July 2000),and James Crosswhite, EC Bar Ranch web site atwww.ecbarranch.com. Submitted by EphraimLeon-Guerrero, EPA Region 9.

Submitted by Kris Randall, Arizona Department ofEnvironmental Quality.

Submitted by Sandi Formica, Arkansas Departmentof Environmental Quality. Project summary authorsalso include John Giese, Tim Kresse, Tony Morris,Matt Van Eps, and McRee Anderson of ADEQ andDr. Tommy Daniel of the University of Arkansas.

State Success Story SourcePage

7

10

8

11

12

13

16

17

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A - 2A - 2A - 2A - 2A - 2 Appendix

Appendix (cont.)

Arkansas

California

California

Colorado

Colorado

Connecticut

Connecticut

Delaware

District ofColumbia

District ofColumbia

A Community Approachto Managing Manure inthe Buffalo RiverWatershed: LocalWatershed AssistanceProgram Helps DairyFarmers

Grassland Bypass Project:Economic IncentivesProgram Helps toImprove Water Quality

Turning History Around:Stream RestorationReclaims a Meadow WhileHelping to Control Floods

Mining Remediation inthe Chalk CreekWatershed: ProjectDemonstrates ExcitingPossibilities

Rio Blanco Restoration:Adopted Rocks andHomemade Jelly HelpFund DemonstrationProject

Center Springs PondRestoration Project:Skaters and Fish Return toPond

Lake WaramaugWatershed AgriculturalWaste ManagementSystem: One Farm CanMake a Difference

Partners Upgrade SepticSystems in CoverdaleCrossroads: Quality of LifeImproved for Residents

Marsh Restoration andIsland EnhancementProjects at Kingman Lake:Tidal Wetland HabitatsRe-created

The Watts Branch Initia-tive: Community Involve-ment Key to Success

Submitted by Sandi Formica, Arkansas Departmentof Environmental Quality. Information for thissuccess story was gleaned from Proceedings ofDairy Manure Systems, Equipment and Technology:A Conference for Producers and Their Advisors, bySandi J. Formica, McRee Anderson, Matthew VanEps, Tony Morris, and Puneet Srivastava; Rochester,New York, March 20–22, 2001.

Information for this success story was gleanedfrom Grassland Bypass “Project Description andUpdate.” Submitted by Katherine Domeny,California Environmental Protection Agency, andJoe McGahan, Drainage Coordinator for theGrassland Area Farmers.

Submitted by Katherine Domeny, California StateWater Resources Control Board.

Submitted by Laurie Fisher, Colorado Departmentof Public Health and Environment.

Submitted by Laurie Fisher, Colorado Departmentof Public Health and Environment.

Submitted by Mel Cote, EPA Region 1.

Submitted by Mel Cote, EPA Region 1.

Information for this success story was gleanedfrom Delaware’s Nonpoint Source ProgramAnnual Report (January 1, 1999, to December 31,1999).

Submitted by Sheila Besse, D.C. Department ofHealth.

Submitted by Sheila Besse, D.C. Department ofHealth.

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State Success Story SourcePage