The HolocaustSection 24.4

Objectives Explain the Nuremburg Laws passed

in 1935

Identify the different ways Jews were persecuted before they were sent to concentration camps

Understand what life was like for the inhabitants of a concentration camp

Anti-Semitisim in Germany Hitler blamed Jews for

all the problems in Germany• Communism• Inflation• Depression

Hitler takes power• Urged citizens to

boycott Jewish businesses

• Barred Jews from Civil service

• Jews were banned from Banking Stock exchange Law Journalism Medicine

Nazi Propgaganda

Persecution of Jews Nuremburg Laws

– 1935• Denied German

Citizenship to Jews• Banned marriage

between Jews and non-Jews

• Segregated Jews at every level of society

Kristallnacht “Night of the

Broken Glass”• Nov.9 1938• Jewish refugee

killed a German diplomat

• Nazi leaders ordered attacks on Jews and Synagogues in Germany

Jewish Refugees 1933-37

• 129,000 Jews fled Germany and Austria Albert Einstein

• More would have left but were not generally welcomed in other countries Because of the Great Depression, jobs were hard

to find and countries did not want to compete with immigrants

• 1936 Vessel St. Louis 973 Jews on board headed for the US 21 received permission to stay in Cuba, the rest

were sent back to Germany. 600 of 973 Jews died in concentration camps

Jews moved to Ghettos Germany invaded Poland and the

Soviet Union• These countries have large expanses of

territory that was home to millions of Jews

Ghetto’s were created at first• Walled sections of a city in which all Jews

were required to live

Movie Clip What were the people doing in the

streets?

What were the people wearing?

How did the Nazi soldiers treat the Jews?

Look at the expressions on the peoples faces

Concentration Camps 1933 – First

concentration camp• Began as a work camp• Imprisoned political

opponents, communists, socialists and anyone who spoke against Hitler

• Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witness, Homosexuals, Beggars, Drunkards and mentally ill were also targeted

Prisoners wore striped uniforms with a colored triangle patch• Yellow-Jew• Purple-Jehovah’s

Witness• Pink-Homosexual• Red-Political Prisoner• Blue-Immigrant• Green-Criminal• Black-”Antisocial”

Concentration Camps Prisoners suffered from

• Malnourishment• Disease• Medical experiments

Oxygen deprivation Hypothermia Effects of altitude Surgeries without anesthesia

• Twins were often experimented on

Work will make you Free

The Final Solution Wannsee conference

– 1942• German officers met to

decide “The Final Solution to the Jewish Problem”

• 11,000,000 Jews planned to be murdered Genocide- willful

annihilation of a racial, political, or cultural group

Death Camps Auschwitz

• Most well known Concentration Camp

• Became a death camp

Jews were murdered in a number of ways• Zyklon B• Carbon Monoxide• Firing Squads• Head to Head Murder

Treatment of Deceased Jewish bodies

were treated like animals• Fat was made into

soap• Hair was used for

wigs, slippers and mattresses

• Gold fillings were stolen as well as other jewelry

Allied Response Early response was weak

• Did not open our borders to Jews • By the end of 1942 the US publicly

acknowledged that jews were victims of Genocide

1944 FDR Created War Refugee Board• Helped the Red Cross save thousands of

Eastern European Jews

Overall, most resources were aimed at stopping the Nazi Military

Liberation Concentration Camps were liberated when

Soviet and US soldiers approached Germany in 1945• Many soldiers that liberated the camps were

unprepared for what they saw• There was a great deal of American sympathy

following the war• 1948 the country of Israel was created as a Jewish

state

By 1945, 6 million Jews had been murdered • By that time, 5 million others lay dead due to Nazi

persecution

Objectives Explain the Nuremburg Laws passed

in 1935

Identify the different ways Jews were persecuted before they were sent to concentration camps

Understand what life was like for the inhabitants of a concentration camp