second edition counselling skills ok uv title only .second edition counselling skills managers...

Second Edition

CounsellingSkillsManagers

Kavita Singh

for

ok UV Title only

COUNSELLING SKILLS FOR MANAGERS

KAVITA SINGHProfessor

Faculty of Management StudiesUniversity of Delhi

Delhi

Delhi-1100922015

COUNSELLING SKILLSFOR MANAGERS

Second Edition

COUNSELLING SKILLS FOR MANAGERS, Second EditionKavita Singh

2015 by PHI Learning Private Limited, Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

ISBN-978-81-203-5137-0

The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher.

Fifth Printing (Second Edition) . . . . . . August, 2015

Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, Rimjhim House, 111, PatparganjIndustrial Estate, Delhi-110092 and Printed by Raj Press, New Delhi-110012.

Dedicated to the One who always shows methe way ahead and is always with me in

whatever I do My God

vii

Preface ............................................................................................................. xv

Preface to the First Edition ........................................................................ xvii

Acknowledgements ......................................................................................... xix

1. INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELLING ................................................ 1

1.1 The Need for Work Place Counselling ...................................... 21.2 Evolution of Counselling over the Years ................................... 4

1.2.1 Period 1 ........................................................................... 41.2.2 Period 2 ........................................................................... 41.2.3 Period 3 ........................................................................... 61.2.4 Period 4 ........................................................................... 7

1.3 Defining Counselling .................................................................... 81.4 Counselling, Psychotherapy and Instruction ............................. 10

1.4.1 Distinction between Counselling and Psychotherapy .... 111.4.2 Difference between Counselling and Instruction ........ 14

1.5 Summary ..................................................................................... 15

Review Questions ................................................................................... 15

2. APPROACHES TO COUNSELLING .................................................. 17

2.1 Psychoanalytic Approach to Counselling .................................... 18

2.1.1 The Nature of People ..................................................... 192.1.2 The Counselling Process ................................................ 222.1.3 Contribution to the Generic Model of Counselling ....... 23

2.2 Behaviouristic Approach to Counselling ..................................... 25

2.2.1 The Nature of People ...................................................... 272.2.2 The Counselling Process ................................................. 272.2.3 Contribution to the Generic Model of Counselling .......... 29

Contents

2.3 Humanistic Approach or Person-centred Counselling ................ 30

2.3.1 The Nature of People ..................................................... 312.3.2 The Counselling Process ................................................ 322.3.3 Essential Conditions for Personality Change ................. 332.3.4 Contribution to the Generic Model of Counselling ....... 34

2.4 Summary ..................................................................................... 35

Review Questions ................................................................................... 35

3. GOALS OF COUNSELLING .................................................................36

3.1 Five Major Goals of Counselling ................................................ 36

3.1.1 Commonality of Goals ................................................... 38

3.2 Role of a Counsellor .................................................................... 393.3 The Counsellor as a Person ......................................................... 403.4 Personality and Background of the Counsellor ........................... 40

3.4.1 Negative Motivators for Becoming a Counsellor .......... 40

3.5 Positive Motivators for Becoming a Counsellor ......................... 413.6 Personal Characteristics of Counsellors ...................................... 43

3.6.1 A Composite Model of Human Effectiveness ............... 443.6.2 Personal Characteristics of Effective Counsellors ......... 44

3.7 Values in Counselling .................................................................. 473.8 The Counsellors Values ............................................................. 50

3.8.1 Influence of Counsellors Values on Clients Values .... 503.8.2 Importance of Valuing Human Freedom ....................... 52

3.9 Summary ..................................................................................... 53

Review Questions ................................................................................... 53

4. THE PROCESS OF COUNSELLING .................................................. 54

4.1 5-D Model of the Counselling Process ........................................ 544.2 The Phases of Counselling .......................................................... 55

4.2.1 Phase 1: Developing the Relationship ........................... 554.2.2 Phase 2: Defining the Problem(s) .................................. 574.2.3 Phase 3: Determining Goal(s) ........................................ 594.2.4 Phase 4: Deciding the Plan of Action ............................ 604.2.5 Phase 5: Doing the Follow-up ....................................... 60

4.3 Summary ..................................................................................... 62

Review Questions ................................................................................... 63

5. COUNSELLING PROCEDURES .......................................................... 64

5.1 The Counselling Environment .................................................... 645.2 Intake Procedures ........................................................................ 65

5.2.1 Confidentiality and Counsellor Dependability .............. 665.2.2 Physical Set-up .............................................................. 66

viii Contents

5.3 The Initial Counselling Interview ............................................... 67

5.3.1 How to Open the Session ............................................... 675.3.2 Structuring the Session .................................................. 695.3.3 Goals for the First Session ............................................. 705.3.4 Termination of the Initial Interview .............................. 70

5.4 Referral Procedures ..................................................................... 71

5.4.1 When to Refer ................................................................ 725.4.2 How to Refer ................................................................. 73

5.5 Guidelines for Effective Counselling .......................................... 73

5.5.1 Keeping the Focus on the Other Person ........................ 745.5.2 Silence is Golden ........................................................... 755.5.3 Managing Emotions ....................................................... 75

5.6 A Word of Advice ....................................................................... 805.7 Advanced Skills in Counselling .................................................. 80

5.7.1 Advanced Empathy ........................................................ 815.7.2 Theme Identification ..................................................... 825.7.3 Self-disclosure ............................................................... 835.7.4 Perception Check ........................................................... 845.7.5 Interpretation ................................................................. 845.7.6 Clarification ................................................................... 865.7.7 Confrontation ................................................................. 865.7.8 Immediacy ..................................................................... 88

5.8 Action Strategies ......................................................................... 89

5.8.1 Behavioural Techniques ................................................. 895.8.2 Decision-making Methodologies ................................... 905.8.3 Problem-solving Strategies ............................................ 915.8.4 Goal-setting .................................................................... 92

5.9 Termination and Follow-up ........................................................ 92

5.9.1 Readiness for Termination ............................................. 935.9.2 Client Responses to Termination ................................... 945.9.3 Counsellor Responses to Termination ........................... 945.9.4 Ending in a Positive Way .............................................. 95

5.10 Summary ..................................................................................... 95

Review Questions ................................................................................... 96

6. COUNSELLING SKILLS ........................................................................97

6.1 What Clients Bring to the Counselling Experi