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September 27-October 2, 2015 - © Jody L. Apple

Search The ScripturesA Study of The Noble Bereans

Programs For The Week:

Sunday: Acts 17:11-Overview & Summary - http://ighradio.com/media/audio/igh-150927.mp3Monday: Paul's Evangelism Methods - http://ighradio.com/media/audio/igh-150928.mp3Tuesday: Thessalonian Rejection - http://ighradio.com/media/audio/igh-150929.mp3Wednesday: Berean Acceptance - http://ighradio.com/media/audio/igh-150930.mp3Thursday: The Difference - http://ighradio.com/media/audio/igh-151001.mp3Friday: Where Are You? - http://ighradio.com/media/audio/igh-151002.mp3Weekly Transcript: http://ighradio.com/media/audio/igh-150927-1002.pdf

Note: This transcript is a rough draft of the programs for September27-October 2, 2015. A final version will be loaded in the next day or so.

Note: Sunday’s program is an “edited” program. It contains selected and adapted portions of the following material.

Note: Parts of the transcript contains strike through test like this. This indicates either reference material that was either not cited or used directly during the broadcasts. _______________

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Monday: Paul's Evangelism Methods - http://ighradio.com/media/audio/igh-150928.mp3

Introduction:

• Thank you Jay.• And welcome to our study. This week’s theme—“Search The Scriptures”—includes a total of six

lessons: one 30-minute and five 15-minute lessons• The first broadcast of 30-minutes airs on Sunday and introduces the theme.• The daily—Monday-Friday—15-minute programs develop the weekly theme in more detail.• Today’s program is the first of the extended 15-minute programs for the week.• To hear all six lessons click the “media” tab at our website InternationalGospelHour.com to freely

download the audio and transcript files.• Let’s get started.

Weekly Theme:• This week’s theme—“Search The Scriptures”—comes from Acts 17:11 where we read: “These were

more fair-minded than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness, and searched the Scriptures daily to find out whether these things were so.”

• Through the course of our studies we will examine:⁃ Paul’s methods in spreading the gospel. (Monday)⁃ The negative results at Thessalonica (Tuesday)⁃ The positive results at Berea (Wednesday)⁃ The difference between the Thessalonians and the Bereans (Thursday)⁃ And, finally, we finish our study with this question: “Where are you?” (Friday)

• Today’s thoughts focus on: “Paul’s methods in spreading the gospel.”

Today’s Passage:

• Acts 17:1 Now when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where there was a synagogue of the Jews. 2 Then Paul, as his custom was, went in to them, and for three Sabbaths reasoned with them from the Scriptures, 3 explaining and demonstrating that the Christ had to suffer and rise again from the dead, and saying, “This Jesus whom I preach to you is the Christ.” 4 And some of them were persuaded; and a great multitude of the devout Greeks, and not a few of the leading women, joined Paul and Silas.

Today’s Context: “They came to Thessalonica”

Paul and and his companions traveled along the Egnatian Way: “the road leading west from Byzantium to the Adriatic sea—Paul, Silas, and Timothy travel a hundred miles from Philippi to Thessalonica. . … From there, the entire province can hear the gospel message, as in fact happened (see 1 Thess. 1:8). [Clinton E. Arnold, “Acts,” in John, Acts (vol. 2 of ZIBBCNT, ed. Clinton E. Arnold; Accordance electronic ed. 4 vols.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002), n.p.]Paul’s route and destination reflects a pattern seen throughout his journeys: He travels to larger cities in hopes that the gospel preached would radiate throughout their respective regions.




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That this practice worked is proven in remark in 1 Thessalonians 1:8 - “For from you the word of the Lord has sounded forth, not only in Macedonia and Achaia, but also in every place. Your faith toward God has gone out, so that we do not need to say anything.”What Paul did here he repeated elsewhere. Later in his journeys Paul came to the city of Ephesus, where according to Acts 19:9-10, he was “reasoning daily in the school of Tyrannus.” The following verse tell us that “this continued for two years, so that all who dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks.”Paul’s purpose, then, in traveling to Thessalonica demonstrates a consistency in his methods.

Today’s Context: “Where there was a synagogue of the Jews”

When we start reading the new testament we don’t proceed very far until we encounter the term “synagogue.” What was the synagogue? Who met there? What was its purpose? How did it figure into the culture of the first century world? And why was Paul always going out of his way to visit one?Let’s tackle some of those questions:

“The importance of the synagogue for Judaism cannot be overestimated. More than any other institution it gave character to the Jewish faith. Here Judaism learnt its interpretation of the law. … Unlike the Temple, it was located in all parts of the land, and put the people in touch with their religious leaders. [“SYNAGOGUE,” NBD, 1142., italics-jla]In the 1st century AD synagogues existed wherever Jews lived. … The Gospels speak of the synagogues of Nazareth (Mt. 13:54; Lk. 4:16) and Capernaum (Mk. 1:21; Jn. 6:59) as places where our Lord ministered. The apostle Paul found them wherever he went in Palestine, Asia Minor and Greece.” [“SYNAGOGUE,” NBD, 1142.]The synagogue was, literally, a meeting-place, …‘a synagogue for reciting the Law and studying the commandments’. It was especially a place for prayer (proseuche), like the Temple (see Mt. 21:13, etc.; Acts 16:13). [“SYNAGOGUE,” NBD, 1143.]

Today’s Thoughts:

The Spirit of God:• Revealed the word of God to the apostles in both oral and written form• Empowered the apostles to give miraculous gifts to Christians in the first century• And directed the spread of the Gospel in the early days of the church

As part of that process we observe several things about Paul’s tactics in spreading the gospel:

• Paul went to major cities: The spread of the gospel in the book of Acts occurred according to a ◦ (1) divine mandate, the great commission. (Mt. 28:18ff; Mk. 16:15ff; Lk. 24:45ff; Acts 1:8); ◦ (2) it occurred for a divinely ordained purpose (redemption/salvation, same passages); ◦ and (3) according to a divinely directed method (Acts 1:8; 17:3ff).

• We see a pattern established in Acts 1:8 where the gospel is predicted by the Lord to move from Jerusalem, to Judea, to Samaria and then to the uttermost part of the world.◦ This addresses the geographical spread of the gospel of Christ.◦ Paul’s work as an apostle to the Gentiles was a key part of that geographical spread.◦ Paul’s mission trips frequently focused on major cities: Antioch, Ephesus, Thessalonica, Athens










◦ Paul’s outreach targeted audiences in schools (Tyrannus), synagogues and marketplaces; Acts 19:10 tells us that the work he did in the school of Tyrannus reverberated throughout Asia

• Today’s passage, Acts 17:1-4, tells us that Paul went to the synagogues◦ It was his custom.◦ The synagogues were the weekly meeting center for first-century Jews.◦ Paul, raised as a Jew, had a common interest with them in the teaching of the first, or old,

covenant.◦ It was natural for him, then, to attend synagogues as part of his tactics for spreading the gospel.

Consider Paul’s teaching methods.

• The text says that “for three Sabbaths (Paul) reasoned with them from the Scriptures.”

• As we think about the word “reasoned” we understand that Paul: ⁃ “1. to engage in speech interchange, converse, discuss, argue” (“diale÷gomai,” BDAG, 232.); ⁃ “2. to instruct about someth., inform, instruct” (“diale÷gomai,,” BDAG, 232.)

• The gospel is reasonable.⁃ New testament Christianity involves the surrender of the soul, in all of its faculties, to the will of

God.⁃ That means the gospel must touch each soul: rationally, emotionally, morally, volitionally and

behaviorally, and that it must do so in the context of our temporal life in view of an immortal/eternal life.

⁃ Accordingly, the gospel must be reasonable.⁃ It comes from the mind of God, presented in language consistent with God’s will, and is directed

to the mind of man (who, created in the divine image has the ability to perceive God’s will —by design), so that at the end of the process we will have the mind of God/Christ/Spirit.

⁃ This is the intent of 1 Corinthians 2:9-16, concluding with: “we have the mind of Christ” (cf. Eph. 3:1ff)

⁃ It is for this reason that we see the preaching of the gospel to be more than an emotional plea, though it certainly involves that.

⁃ The presentation of the good news of Christ and his kingdom is also more than a moral plea, though it certainly involves that.

⁃ Teaching the truth is more than a plea for a hearer to “just” surrender his/her will to that of the Godhead, though it certainly involves that.

⁃ And, finally, the proclamation of truth involves more than a call to change our actions, though it certainly involves that.

⁃ First, and foremost, from our present perspective, is this: the gospel must appeal to our sense of reason.

⁃ God does not want followers to do so blindly, that is without evidence that produces conviction.⁃ Biblical evidence leads to specific conclusions. Nicodemas realized that Christ was more than a

mere man. Why? Because the evidence demanded that conclusion.⁃ The purpose statement of the book of John demands that perspective as well. Signs, functioning

as evidence, produced faith. That faith, when complete, leads to redemption (John 20:30-31). Biblically speaking, there exists no saving faith apart from convincing evidence.










⁃ When Paul went into the synagogues, he engaged in just that—the presentation of convincing evidence. (Note the citations re that from Acts 17:3, 17; et. Al. In the book of Acts that show this to be the case.

• Consider Paul’s central authority:⁃ The text states that Paul “reasoned with them from the Scriptures.”⁃ What the Scriptures said was what God said.⁃ In principle, and practice, Paul did just what Christ did when he taught the two men on the way

to Emmaus. He opened their understanding from the teaching of the law, the prophets and the writings (cf. Luke 24:44ff)

• Consider Paul’s central message: It was the good news of the Christ. That message is summed up in three simple, but powerful, truths:⁃ Christ had to suffer. ⁃ Christ had to raise again from the dead.⁃ And Paul had to preach this message: “This Jesus whom I preach to you is the Christ.”⁃ Over the course of three Sabbaths, Paul taught the Thessalonians synagogue that Christ greater

than the kings of Judah.⁃ Each king in Judah became king, reigned and died.⁃ But Christ died first, then became king and reigned.⁃ This was beyond human capability and demonstrated the deity of Jesus.⁃ It proved what Peter said about Jesus in Acts 2: God made this Jesus both Lord and

Christ)⁃ Finally, the resurrection of Christ demonstrated his Lordship (Rom 1:4)

• Note Paul’s methods: He explained and demonstrated that Jesus had to suffer and resurrect.⁃ To explain means to “open up” and “to reveal” [explaining G1272 dianoi÷gw, dianoigoœ;

[GNT-T] dianoi÷gwn dianoigoœn Verb pres act part masc sing nom to open up, reveal]⁃ It’s what Paul did when he taught Lydia in Acts 16:12ff. Paul taught Lydia and she “heeded (paid

attention to) the things spoken by Paul.”⁃ It’s what Jesus did when he taught Cleopas and his friend in Luke 24:44ff. Jesus “opened their

understanding, that they might comprehend the Scriptures.” He showed them, based on what was written, that it was necessary for him to suffer and die.

⁃ Paul, using the Scriptures, did the same thing in the Thessalonian synagogue.⁃ Paul also “demonstrated” that Jesus had to suffer and resurrect. The idea behind “demonstrated”

is this: something is placed before you. In some biblical contexts it’s food, but in others, like here, it’s an idea, a teaching, a concept. What is placed before you in this passage is more along the lines of “2. to set forth in teaching, a. act. put before ti« someth. (X., Cyr. 1, 6, 14; Lucian, Rh. Pr. 9 paradei÷gmata al.; Ex 19:7; 21:1; Just., A I, 12, 11) parabolh\n pare÷qhken aujtoi √ß Mt 13:24, 31.; b. mid., demonstrate, point out (POxy 33 verso III, 12; Jos., Vi. 6) dianoi÷gwn kai« paratiqe÷menoß o¢ti Ac 17:3.—28:23 v.l.” (“parati÷qhmi,” BDAG, 772.)

⁃ The language here means: “paratiqe÷menoß pres. mid. part. parati÷qhmi (G4192) to place alongside, to allege, to present evidence, to establish evidence to show that something is true (LN, 1:673; MM; Preisigke, 2:258). Here it is the bringing forward of proof passages of Scripture (EGT ). Pres. part. emphasizes the continuing action and describes the means or methods of Paul’s reasoning and argumentation.” (Cleon L. Rogers Jr. and Cleon L. Rogers III,










The New Linguistic and Exegetical Key to the Greek New Testament, Accordance electronic ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998, n.p.)

• In our next lesson, we will focus on the negative reaction of the Thessalonians. See you then. • Here’s Jay.










Tuesday: Thessalonian Rejection - http://ighradio.com/media/audio/igh-150929.mp3

Introduction:


lessons: one 30-minute and five 15-minute lessons• The first broadcast, a 30-minute program, usually airs on Sunday each week. It introduces the series.• The daily—Monday-Friday—15-minute programs develop the weekly theme even further.• Today’s program is the second of the extended 15-minute programs for the week.• To hear all six lessons in this study click the “media” tab at our website InternationalGospelHour.com to

freely download the audio and transcript files.• Let’s get started.

Weekly Theme:• This week’s theme—“Search The Scriptures”—comes from Acts 17:11 where we read this: “These were


• Through the course of our studies we will examine:⁃ Paul’s methods in spreading the gospel.⁃ The negative results at Thessalonica⁃ The positive results at Berea⁃ The difference between the Thessalonians and the Bereans⁃ And, finally, we finish our study with this question: “Where are you?”

• Today’s thoughts focus on: “The negative results at Thessalonica.”

Today’s Passage:

• Acts 17:5 But the Jews who were not persuaded, becoming envious, took some of the evil men from the marketplace, and gathering a mob, set all the city in an uproar and attacked the house of Jason, and sought to bring them out to the people. 6 But when they did not find them, they dragged Jason and some brethren to the rulers of the city, crying out, “These who have turned the world upside down have come here too. 7 Jason has harbored them, and these are all acting contrary to the decrees of Caesar, saying there is another king—Jesus.” 8 And they troubled the crowd and the rulers of the city when they heard these things. 9 So when they had taken security from Jason and the rest, they let them go.

• 13 But when the Jews from Thessalonica learned that the word of God was preached by Paul at Berea, they came there also and stirred up the crowds.

Today’s Thoughts:

• Verse four tells us: “And some of them were persuaded; and a great multitude of the devout Greeks, and not a few of the leading women, joined Paul and Silas.” The following verse starts with “but the Jews,” indicating that there was a sharp contrast between those who were persuaded and those who were not. What does it mean to teach that the Jews were not persuaded?














• In the biblical context of evangelism to be persuaded is to be convinced that the information being shared, namely the gospel, was indeed true.

• The root term is translated in the new testament as persuade, trust, satisfy, appease, etc.• It means: “1. act., except for 2 perf. and plpf.: to cause to come to a particular point of view or course of

action.” (“pei÷qw,” BDAG, 791.)• It is used primarily in the sense of convincing, persuading, appealing to. (Cf. BDAG, 791, 1st defs.)• Those who are subject to persuasion are said to “to be so convinced that one puts confidence in someth.”

They “depend on, trust in” and are said to “be convinced, be sure, certain.” (Cf. BDAG, 792.)• In this setting, the passage is used most like what we see in Acts 18:4 - “And he reasoned in the

synagogue every Sabbath, and persuaded both Jews and Greeks.” Here the passage is used in the sense of “1. act., except for 2 perf. and plpf.: to cause to come to a particular point of view or course of action., a. convince w. acc. of pers. (X., Mem. 1, 2, 45 al.) ISm 5:1. e¶peiqen Δ∆Ioudai÷ouß kai« ›Ellhnaß he tried to convince Jews and Gentiles Ac 18:4.”; “pei÷qw,” BDAG, 791.)

• The only way that someone could determine whether or not the gospel was true, would be to hear compelling evidence that demonstrated its truthfulness.

• In this context persuasion is based on Scriptural evidence. In fact, there is nothing in the New Testament that allows for anything other than this sort of persuasion.

• Persuasion is not just: being asked or force to believe. It is not just going along with the crowd.• The Jews were not convinced that Jesus was really the Messiah of the Old Testament.• The evidence Paul presented, as seen in the opening verses, was designed to prove that Jesus was the

Messiah.• For some reason they rejected the evidence that Paul offered.• 1 Thessalonians 5:23 instructs Christians to prove all things and hold fast to what is good.• Proof means that evidence must be offered. That the evidence must be considered. And a conclusion, for

or against, the claim must be made.• The Jews in Thessalonica were not persuaded. They rejected the teaching that Paul offered.• Man, created in the image of God, possesses divinely instilled faculties:

⁃ we have the ability to think like God thinks; ⁃ we have the ability to feel like God feels; ⁃ we have the ability to measure morality as God measures morality; ⁃ we have the ability to direct our will in concert with God’s will; ⁃ and finally, we have the ability to behave as God desires.

• In some respect the Jews failed to live up to the faculties God gave them. • The text does not say that they failed rationally, or that they failed emotionally, or that they failed

morally, or that they failed willfully… But it does indicate that they failed behaviorally. • A quick observation here: the Gospel is not always rejected because of reason, but rather because of our

will, conscience and emotion. • Paul reasoned in the synagogues from the Scriptures that Jesus was the Christ.• He did not simply ask them to believe, or to pray, or to change, or to accept what he taught.• For persuasion to occur all of our faculties must be engaged: we must trust the gospel rationally; we

must love the gospel emotionally; we must submit to the gospel willfully and morally; and we must behave accordingly.

• What does persuasion have to do with Paul’s preaching?• Absolutely everything. When souls are fully persuaded, they are fully converted. They stop being what

they used to be — the old man dies — and they start being what God wants them to be — new creatures begotten by the gospel.










Today’s Thoughts: “Becoming envious”• Why did the Jews become envious?• The passage indicates that is was because of jealousy that the Jews reacted as they did.• zhlw¿santeß aor. act. part. (causal) zhlo/w (G2420) to be jealous, to feel strong envy and resentment

against someone (LN, 1:760). [Cleon L. Rogers Jr. and Cleon L. Rogers III, The New Linguistic and Exegetical Key to the Greek New Testament (Accordance electronic ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998), n.p.]

• What were they envious of?⁃ Perhaps they were envious because they were losing influence.⁃ Prior to Paul’s arrival they were leaders. Paul challenged that. If Paul was right and they were

wrong, they lost their position.⁃ They refused, or at least resisted, the “new truth” that Paul brought. They became rebellious.⁃ From their point of view, Jesus was not the Messiah. Their “messiah” was powerful like David,

influential and wealthy like Solomon. Jesus, for them, was neither.• One of the most important elements of the Christian life is humility and submission. Humility, that is

the absence of pride, must exist within the heart and mind of those who wish to obey God in Christ. If there is no sense of humility within us, they will be no sense of submission. Humility does not equal weakness, but rather reflects a reasoned response to the evidence presented.

• Facts are stubborn things. We cannot change the way things really are, though we can change the way we think about those things.

• The gospel is, in this sense, stubborn, or unchangeable. We can think differently about it, change it in our minds and in our practices, as did the Galatian churches, but in the end we haven’t really changed the gospel… Only our response to it.

• Luke’s account of the parable of the sower teaches a very powerful principle. Note what the passage says: “But the ones that fell on the good ground are those who, having heard the word with a noble and good heart, keep it and bear fruit with patience.” (Lk. 8:15)⁃ Observe that the seed, in this setting the word of God (Lk. 8:11), must fall on good ground in

order to produce what God wants.⁃ The good ground here are the souls of those who hear God’s word, are noble, and have good

hearts.⁃ Stubbornness is not fitting the Christlike life.

• Did Paul have something that they did not?⁃ What Paul had, was not something that he had because he was somebody special — he did not

create the gospel — but rather something that was given directly to him by the Christ (cf. Galatians 2-3).

⁃ Paul considered the preaching of the gospel and obligation, something he owed the rest of the world. That’s what he meant when he said “I am debtor.” He owed no physical things, no money, but he owed everyone the opportunity to hear the gospel (cf. Romans 1:14ff).

⁃ Did Paul have something that they wanted?⁃ No, but Paul had something they needed. In fact, Paul had something that everyone needs.⁃ The problem, was that they didn’t want it.⁃ Our problem might be the same… We may not want the gospel, but we certainly do need it.










The Negative Results:• Note just how far the negative results of the disbelieving Jews were. Their envy caused them: • To start an uproar in the community• To persecute, punish and penalize Jason• To misrepresent Jesus’ role as king• To pursue Paul and Silas to Berea and create similar problems there

Attitudes To Note:• What happens when you are wrong, but you do not want to admit your are wrong? • Our natural assumption: we believe we are right.• We do not usually believe something because we know it is wrong. That doesn’t make sense. We believe

things assuming they are right.• We may not have the evidence to back it up, but we still have the conviction to believe it.• Consider this: That’s what Paul experienced in Thessalonica. Jews who believed truth—God’s old

testament revelation—but only up to a point.• They claimed to believe in God’s word, but they did not believe that Jesus was the Christ.• What happens when we find ourselves in similar circumstances.• In our next lesson, we will focus on the positive reaction of the Bereans. See you then. • Here’s Jay.










Wednesday: Berean Acceptance - http://ighradio.com/media/audio/igh-150930.mp3

Introduction:


lessons: one 30-minute and five 15-minute lessons• The first broadcast, a 30-minute program, usually airs on Sunday each week. It introduces the series.• The daily—Monday-Friday—15-minute programs develop the weekly theme even further.• Today’s program is the third of the extended 15-minute programs for the week.• To hear all six lessons in this study click the “media” tab at our website InternationalGospelHour.com to





• Today’s thoughts focus on: “The positive results at Berea.”

Today’s Passage:

Acts 17:10 Then the brethren immediately sent Paul and Silas away by night to Berea. When they arrived, they went into the synagogue of the Jews. 11 These were more fair-minded than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness, and searched the Scriptures daily to find out whether these things were so. 12 Therefore many of them believed, and also not a few of the Greeks, prominent women as well as men.

Today’s Thoughts:

Our first point of emphasis here is:• The changes we see in Acts 17 are dramatic.• It starts with what might be seen as a rather subtle change:

⁃ Paul and Silas changed locations.⁃ In the night, brethren at Thessalonica sent Paul and Silas away.⁃ Where did they go? They traveled to the next city, Berea, about 50 miles away from

Thessalonica.• But the rest of the passage tells us about an even greater change. • What Paul and Silas witnessed next was a change in attitude, a change in character and a change in

response.InternationalGospelHour.com • Facebook.com/InternationalGospelHour • Twitter.com/JodyApple • [email protected] •













Our second point of emphasis overshadows the first:• Though Paul and Silas traveled from Thessalonica to Berea, their approach did not change.

⁃ They started the same process all over again.⁃ They went to the synagogue in Berea, just as they had done in Thessalonica.⁃ This is consistent with the method that we witnessed earlier:

⁃ Paul went to major cities.⁃ Paul went to synagogues in those cities? ⁃ Paul reasoned with the Jews in the synagogues, and he did so from the Scriptures.⁃ His main point: Jesus was the Messiah.

• But what happened in Berea was radically different from what happened in Thessalonica. Why?⁃ Because, the residents in Berea were different.⁃ They received the word with readiness.⁃ They searched the Scriptures daily.⁃ They sought to find out whether or not Paul’s message was genuine.⁃ Having gone through this investigative process, many of them believed Paul’s message.

• We want to understand, as much as possible, the full extent of the differences between the Thessalonians and the Bereans.

• To do so we will ask and answer the following questions:⁃ What does it mean to say that the Bereans were more fair-minded?⁃ What does it mean to say that they received the word with all readiness?⁃ How did they search the Scriptures daily?⁃ How did they determine whether or not the things that Paul taught were just as he said they

were?

• By answering these questions we will have a better understanding of their differences. • More importantly, we will have a better model that we can copy in our own lives.• Let’s look at those four questions.

1. What does it mean to say that the Bereans were more fair-minded?⁃ The Bereans were ascribed nobility. Their nobility was not due to ancestral heritage or social

status (Lk 19:12). Rather, their nobility reflected “a willingness to learn and evaluate something fairly.” (Louw and Nida, 27.48). For this reason some translations render the term eujgene÷steroi as noble, or fair, minded (NASB, NAS95, NKJV). The term indicates their willingness to be receptive to Paul’s message (cf. NRSV). Sadly, there are not enough souls that have this mindset, and few ancestrally or socially noble people show a Berean spirit (1 Cor 1:26).

2. What does it mean to say that they received the word with all readiness?⁃ The word “received” simply tells us that the Bereans accepted something that was offered to

them. They welcomed Paul and they listened to his message.⁃ The term readiness means: “proqumi÷a, aß, hJ (pro/qumoß; Hom. et al.; ins, pap; Sir 45:23;

TestSol; TestJob 11:1; EpArist, Philo, Joseph.) exceptional interest in being of service, willingness, readiness, goodwill,” “proqumi÷a,” BDAG, 870)










⁃ In this setting there is an “Ac 17:11 here w. emphasis on goodwill and absence of prejudice (FDanker, NTS 10, ’64, 366f)”, “proqumi÷a,” BDAG, 870)

⁃ Two key elements, then, relate to the Bereans: they were noble, or fair-minded, and they were eager to learn.

3. How did they search the Scriptures daily?⁃ Berean nobility was not just a general willingness to learn. Their nobility demonstrated itself in a

very specific method. The Bereans searched (meaning “to sift; to examine closely,” Mounce Analytical) the scriptures to determine whether or not Paul’s teachings were true (Acts 17:11).

⁃ The Bereans searched the scriptures because that’s what Paul used to teach them. This merits further study.⁃ As we will note elsewhere in this series, Paul always focused on Christ. Every time he

taught—the Christ, his deity, his character, his death, his burial and his resurrection—they were always central to Paul’s message. That good-news message was always Christ, and cross, centered.

⁃ The message always focused on the Scriptures, specifically the evidence drawn from them that always led to a specific conclusion.

⁃ Paul, for example, told the Thessalonians that they were to “Test all things; hold fast what is good.” (1 Th. 5:21)

⁃ What does this mean?⁃ It means: “1. to make a critical examination of someth. to determine genuineness,

put to the test, examine” (“dokima¿zw,” BDAG, 255.)⁃ It means: “2. to draw a conclusion about worth on the basis of testing, prove,

approve, here the focus is on the result of a procedure or examination.” (“dokima¿zw,” BDAG, 255.)

⁃ It means: “27.45 dokima¿zwa; dokimh/a, hvß f; doki÷miona, ou n; dokimasi÷a, aß f: to try to learn the genuineness of something by examination and testing, often through actual use — ‘to test, to examine, to try to determine the genuineness of, testing.’”

⁃ We see that use in Luke 14:19 - dokima¿zwaÚ zeu/gh bow ◊n hjgo/rasa pe÷nte kai« poreu/omai dokima¿sai aujta¿ ‘I bought five pairs of oxen and am on my way to test them out’ Lk 14:19; dokimaze÷tw de« a‡nqrwpoß eauto/n, kai« ou¢twß ek touv a‡rtou esqie÷tw kai« ek touv pothri÷ou pine÷tw and in 1 Cor 11:28 ‘everyone should examine himself, and then eat the bread and drink from the cup’ 1Cor 11:28.” (“dokima¿zw dokimh/ doki÷mion dokimasi÷a,” L&N, 332.)

⁃ This method of teaching, and its corresponding method of learning, appears throughout the New Testament. There are twenty occurrences of this term in the New Testament. This specific form appears in three passages, this one—1 Thessalonians 5:21—and two others: In 2 Corinthians 13:5 we read “Examine yourselves as to whether you are in the faith. Test yourselves. Do you not know yourselves, that Jesus Christ is in you?—unless indeed you are disqualified.” And in 1 John 4:1 the text reads: “Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits, whether they are of God; because many false prophets have gone out into the world.”

⁃ Exactly how did Paul reach the Bereans?










⁃ In another passage, Paul taught Lydia and “opened her heart.” How did that happen? Note the reading: “Now a certain woman named Lydia heard us. She was a seller of purple from the city of Thyatira, who worshiped God. The Lord opened her heart to heed the things spoken by Paul.” (Acts 16:14)

⁃ I just said that Paul opened her heart, but the text actually says that “the Lord opened her heart.” Is there a difference? Not really.

⁃ Who hardened Pharaoh’s heart? Exodus teaches that God hardened Pharaoh’s heart. But it also teaches that Pharaoh’s heart was hardened due to the teaching of Moses. And finally, Exodus teaches that Pharaoh hardened his own heart. How can all three of these be true?

⁃ God delivered a message to Pharaoh, but he did so through Moses. Through that message God and Moses were involved in hardening Pharaoh’s heart. But Pharaoh was also responsible because he chose to harden his heart.

⁃ In this setting the Lord opened the heart of Lydia, but the text states that it was to heed the things spoken by Paul. The ESV renders this passage: “One who heard us was a woman named Lydia, from the city of Thyatira, a seller of purple goods, who was a worshiper of God. The Lord opened her heart to pay attention to what was said by Paul.” Take note of that expression “pay attention.” God did not miraculously plant a message in the heart and mind of Lydia. God, through the instrumentality of Paul — specifically through the gospel that Paul preached, opened the heart of Lydia.

⁃ Jesus did the same thing as he taught the two men en route to Emmaus. Luke 24:45 says “And He opened their understanding, that they might comprehend the Scriptures.” Just how did Jesus do this? The surrounding context answers that question.

⁃ Verse 44 tells us “that all things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms concerning Me.” How did Jesus open their understanding? By explaining what was written in the law, the prophets and the writings.

⁃ In verse 46 we learn that Jesus taught these two men that “it is written, and thus it was necessary for the Christ to suffer and to rise from the dead the third day,…” How did Jesus open their understanding? By explaining what was written about the necessity of his suffering, his death and his resurrection. That’s the same message that Paul delivered when he first went to Thessalonica. That’s the same message that Paul, and all of the apostles, presented everywhere they went.

⁃ Something else in this text is worthy of mention. When Paul went to the city of Thessalonica he presented the gospel message to the Jews over the course of three sabbaths. Though there might have been additional interaction and teaching beyond that, the text does not tell us so. What is quite interesting here is this—the Bereans, whom Paul also met in the context of synagogue worship, are said to have search the Scriptures daily. Not just on the Sabbath day. But daily. Their level of interest and their attitude was not only more positive, but apparently more intense.

⁃ In essence, Paul did exactly what we must do: he presented the evidence in such a way that it could be checked out. We should never present truth and expect your audience to simply take your word for it. Tell the truth. Cite your sources. Reference your facts. Give your audience










material that they can examine and prove true. The Bereans took Paul up on that challenge, checked his sources and his facts, and determined that he taught the truth.

4. How did they determine whether or not the things that Paul taught were just as he said they were?⁃ Three definitions of the term “searched” need to be mentioned:

⁃ First, the term means “1. to engage in careful study of a question, question, examine,”⁃ Second, it can also mean “2. to conduct a judicial hearing, hear a case, question,

administrative term”⁃ Third, the word can mean “3. to examine with a view to finding fault, judge, call to

account, discern,” (“aÓnakri÷nw,” BDAG, 66)⁃ Of the three options, the first one—“to engage in careful study of a question, question,

examine”—seems to be the intended meaning.⁃ A fuller thought, the Bereans “27.44 aÓnakri÷nwa: to try to learn the nature or truth of

something by the process of careful study, evaluation and judgment — ‘to examine carefully, to investigate, to study thoroughly.’ kaqΔ∆ hJme÷ran aÓnakri÷nonteß ta»ß grafa»ß ei˙ e¶coi tauvta ou¢twß ‘every day they carefully examined the Scriptures to see if what he said was really true’ Ac 17:11.” (“aÓnakri÷nw,” L&N, 331)

⁃ The Bereans were committed to this process: “a. to investigate, examine, inquire into, scrutinize, sift, question: Acts 17:11” (“aÓnakri÷nw,” Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, ¶1176)

• These principles apply specifically to our own study of God’s word, as well as to every Christian endeavor.

• In everything, we must have both a willingness to learn and a specific method to determine what is fair and right. Only then can we imitate the Bereans.

• In our next lesson, we will address the differences between the Thessalonians and the Bereans. • See you then. • Here’s Jay.

To be noble like the Bereans we must demonstrate their attitude and behavior in all things.

Some of the material in this transcript appeared in an earlier article I wrote entitled “The Bereans and Copyright Law.” That article appeared here: https://www.facebook.com/TheBible.net/photos/pb.117848238300950.-2207520000.1406756353./597200713699031/?type=1&theater]


https://www.facebook.com/TheBible.net/photos/pb.117848238300950.-2207520000.1406756353./597200713699031/?type=1&theater%5D












Thursday: The Difference - http://ighradio.com/media/audio/igh-151001.mp3

Introduction:


lessons: one 30-minute and five 15-minute lessons• The first broadcast, a 30-minute program, usually airs on Sunday each week. It introduces the series.• The daily—Monday-Friday—15-minute programs develop the weekly theme even further.• Today’s program is the fourth of the extended 15-minute programs for the week.• To hear all six lessons in this study click the “media” tab at our website InternationalGospelHour.com to





• Today’s thoughts focus on: “The difference between the Thessalonians and the Bereans.”

Today’s Passages:

• Acts 17:5 “But the Jews who were not persuaded, becoming envious, took some of the evil men from the marketplace, and gathering a mob, set all the city in an uproar and attacked the house of Jason, and sought to bring them out to the people. 6 … they dragged Jason and some brethren to the rulers of the city, crying out, “These who have turned the world upside down have come here too. …8 And they troubled the crowd and the rulers of the city when they heard these things. …13 But when the Jews from Thessalonica learned that the word of God was preached by Paul at Berea, they came there also and stirred up the crowds.”

• Acts 17:11 “These were more fair-minded than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness, and searched the Scriptures daily to find out whether these things were so. 12 Therefore many of them believed, and also not a few of the Greeks, prominent women as well as men.”

Today’s Thoughts:

• The Differences Between The Thessalonians And The Bereans ⁃ Their attitudes differed:














⁃ Negatively, the Thessalonians avoided the gospel.⁃ Positively, the Bereans accepted the gospel.

⁃ Why?⁃ The Jews were convinced that what they believed and practiced was right.⁃ Their beliefs were anchored to the 1500 year old law of Moses.⁃ From their perspective: If what they believed was divinely ordained for that amount of

time, why should they change now?⁃ This line of thinking caused the Jews to stone Stephen.

⁃ Their allegations, no doubt consistent with the thinking of the Jews in Thessalonica, are presented in the following text: (Acts 6:8-14)

⁃ The related text of Acts 6 states this: “8 And Stephen, full of faith and power, did great wonders and signs among the people. 9 Then there arose some from what is called the Synagogue of the Freedmen (Cyrenians, Alexandrians, and those from Cilicia and Asia), disputing with Stephen. 10 And they were not able to resist the wisdom and the Spirit by which he spoke. 11 Then they secretly induced men to say, “We have heard him speak blasphemous words against Moses and God.” 12 And they stirred up the people, the elders, and the scribes; and they came upon him, seized him, and brought him to the council. 13 They also set up false witnesses who said, “This man does not cease to speak blasphemous words against this holy place and the law; 14 “for we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and change the customs which Moses delivered to us.”

⁃ Note their contentions: ⁃ 1. He spoke blasphemous words against Moses (11); ⁃ 2. He spoke blasphemous words against God (11); ⁃ 3. He spoke blasphemous words against the temple (this holy place, 13); ⁃ and 4. He spoke blasphemous words against the law (13).

⁃ Note also their evidence: “we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and change the customs which Moses delivered to us.” (14)

⁃ The “evidence” they rested their case on was, of course, misguided. Jesus did not speak about the destruction of the temple, but about the destruction (i.e.., death) of his own body.

⁃ Jesus said, and others understood, something else. Mt 26:61 “and said, “This fellow said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God and to build it in three days.’”; Mt 27:40 and saying, “You who destroy the temple and build it in three days, save Yourself! If You are the Son of God, come down from the cross.”; Mt 27:63 saying, “Sir, we remember, while He was still alive, how that deceiver said, ‘After three days I will rise.’

⁃ Note also that the expression “change the customs which Moses delivered to us” was also misunderstood and applied. Their thinking, and this is understandable, was that Jesus was going to destroy, or ruin, their religious system. But that wasn’t the proper perspective.

⁃ Jesus came not to destroy the law, but to fulfill it. Fulfilling it, of course, changed it in many ways. But the many ways in which the law was changed were God ordained and better for those who followed God’s lead. What Stephen taught in










Acts 6-7, and what Paul taught here, was not contrary to God, Moses, the temple or the law.

⁃ It was God’s directive that prompted Paul’s teaching. In fulfillment of the Mosaic law, it introduced something much bigger than either the temple or the law. It heralded the gospel of Christ and God’s plan for redemption through Christ’s blood for all peoples, Jews and Gentiles.

⁃ Here’s what’s interesting about this attitude: If the Jews who had this mindset here expressed the same mindset 1500 years before, they would not have entertained what Moses was (newly) introducing at the time. The Patriarchal law had roots as far back as Adam, nearly 2500 years before Moses.

⁃ Jesus often compared the Jews who challenged him with the Jews who challenged the prophets — his point was this: you (not just the contemporary Jews he faced) and your ancestors—and all who manifest this attitude—have always resisted the Spirit and message of God. (Mt. 23:31)

⁃ That’s the point that Stephen made in Acts 7. He said: “You stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears! You always resist the Holy Spirit; as your fathers did, so do you. 52 Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? And they killed those who foretold the coming of the Just One, of whom you now have become the betrayers and murderers, 53who have received the law by the direction of angels and have not kept it.”

⁃ His remarks parallel Christ’s statement in Matthew: “Therefore you are witnesses against yourselves that you are sons of those who murdered the prophets. 32 “Fill up, then, the measure of your fathers’ guilt. 33 Serpents, brood of vipers! How can you escape the condemnation of hell?” (Mt. 23:31-33)

⁃ Their actions differed.⁃ Negatively, the attitudes addressed above by the Thessalonian Jews was more than an

attitude problem. They acted on them. They brought Christians before magistrates, forced them to pay bail and accused them falsely. They caused an upheaval in their own city, and in Berea.

⁃ Positively, the Bereans showed respect for Paul, interest in his message and finally, faith in God.

⁃ Their beliefs differed.⁃ At one point, both the Jews in Thessalonica and in Berea believed the same thing. Both

believed that the Mosaic law was God’s law.⁃ There was nothing wrong with that.⁃ I even believe that.⁃ But not in the same way they did.⁃ At one point our country was governed by the “The Articles of Confederation and

Perpetual Union.” But what functioned as our “first constitution” was superseded by a “new” constitution and a new form of government. I believe that the first one existed, but I do not believe that it is binding on us today.

⁃ The law of Moses was God’s “first constitution” for his people. But spiritual Israel is under a “new” constitution today, the perfect law of liberty (James 1:25).










⁃ What separated the Jews in Thessalonica, who rebuffed Paul and his message, from those in Berea who accepted both was a willingness to consider something “new” that was not really new.

⁃ While “The Articles of Confederation” did not divinely predict a new constitution, the law of Moses did.

⁃ By design, God gave a law that was holy, just and good, but a law that could not save souls from sin (Rom. 7:12; 3:20-23). That law anticipated the gospel of Christ.

⁃ It was a school master that brought us to Christ (Gal. 3:24).⁃ Israel was a child under tutors and governors until the time of Christ (Gal. 4:2-3).⁃ The law was a shadow of things to come, but Christ was the reality (Col. 2:17).⁃ The law revolved around meats, drinks, washings and fleshly ordinances, but the Christ

brought a greater reality (Heb. 9:10)⁃ The law was obsolete, but the Christ’s covenant was permanent (Heb 8:13).⁃ The Thessalonians Jews did not see this, or at least, they did not believe it.⁃ But the Berean Jews did.⁃ Should we act on the strength of our convictions? Should we act on what we believe to be

true?⁃ Yes. But the strength of our convictions does not our beliefs true. It only makes them

strong. ⁃ We must make sure that what we believe to be true is, in fact, really true.⁃ Jesus said: “You search the Scriptures, for in them you think you have eternal life; and

these are they which testify of Me.” (John 5:39)⁃ The Jews believed that Jesus denied the law.⁃ Stephen’s enemies believed that he (Stephen) denied the law. ⁃ And the Thessalonians Jews believed that Paul denied the law.⁃ All three were wrong. ⁃ Jesus upheld what the Old Testament scriptures meant, not what his contemporary

audience thought they meant. That’s the point of his refrain in the sermon on the mount “You have heard that it was said, but…” (Mt. 5:21, 27, 33, 43).

⁃ Stephen and Paul, under the influence of the Spirit, taught what the Old Testament scriptures means.

⁃ While the Bereans investigated, the Thessalonians apparently refused to do so.⁃ We should never let the strength of our convictions deter us from examining truth claims.⁃ Those who claim to follow Christ today, must do likewise.

• In our final lesson of the series we will ask, and answer this question: “Where are you?”• See you then. • Here’s Jay.










Friday: Where Are You? - http://ighradio.com/media/audio/igh-151002.mp3

Introduction:


lessons: one 30-minute and five 15-minute lessons• The first broadcast, a 30-minute program, usually airs on Sunday each week. It introduces the series.• The daily—Monday-Friday—15-minute programs develop the weekly theme even further.• Today’s program is the fifth and final of the extended 15-minute programs for the week.• To hear all six lessons in this study click the “media” tab at our website InternationalGospelHour.com to





• Today’s thoughts focus on answering the question “Where Are You?”

Today’s Passages:

• Acts 17:5 “But the Jews who were not persuaded, becoming envious, took some of the evil men from the marketplace, and gathering a mob, set all the city in an uproar and attacked the house of Jason, and sought to bring them out to the people. 6 … they dragged Jason and some brethren to the rulers of the city, crying out, “These who have turned the world upside down have come here too. …8 And they troubled the crowd and the rulers of the city when they heard these things. …13 But when the Jews from Thessalonica learned that the word of God was preached by Paul at Berea, they came there also and stirred up the crowds.”

• Acts 17:11 “These were more fair-minded than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness, and searched the Scriptures daily to find out whether these things were so. 12 Therefore many of them believed, and also not a few of the Greeks, prominent women as well as men.”

Today’s Thoughts:

1. We are often uncomfortable making decisions.














2. If you’re looking to buy a house, you might spend weeks and months, maybe even years, looking for just the right house, and never make the final decision to purchase one.

3. If you’re looking to buy a car, you might spend an inordinate amount of time going back and forth between car dealers, considering multiple choices at each place, and never actually buy a car.

4. Making religious decisions, while certainly not equal to buying a house or car, can be just as difficult.5. We are comfortable with what we already believe.6. We are uncomfortable with new beliefs, new practices, new ideas, etc., that seem to challenge the ones

we already hold.7. We might be very open-minded when it comes to listening, and/or learning, about the beliefs of friends,

coworkers, and neighbors, but we’re very close minded when it comes to acting on the what they might share with us.

8. The sermons recorded in Acts 2 and Acts 7 record two very different responses. 9. In Acts 2 about 3000 people responded to the message Peter.10. Five chapters later, Stephen delivered pretty much the same message, but he lost his life because of it.11. We are uncomfortable with “black or white” options, and often look to take refuge in gray areas.12. But, like it or not, the message of the gospel pushes us to make a decision.13. Joshua prompted his audience in the closing chapter of the book that bears his name saying: choose this

day whom you will serve (Joshua 24:15).14. The audience on that occasion was very quick to declare their allegiance to the Lord God, but Joshua

cautioned them about the full weight of their declaration.15. Twice they said they would serve the Lord God, and twice Joshua cautioned them.16. His message might be summed up as follows: if you are going to claim to serve the Lord God, then you

must actually serve the Lord God only. That means “no other gods.”17. Why did Joshua make that point?18. Quite simply because he knew that some of the Jews, even then, were involved in idolatry.19. A claim to follow God demands that we follow God and no other.20. If, for example, we intend our marriage vows to be worth something, literally meaning what we say,

then those vows to be faithful demand that we exclude all other love interests. You cannot be faithful to your wife, while you pursue a relationship with another woman. You cannot be faithful to your God, while you pursue a relationship with any other god, or with any other thing that takes the place of God.

21. It is for this reason that we ask this question: “where are you?”22. Not “where are you” geographically.23. Not “where are you” academically.24. Not “where are you” financially.25. But rather, where are you spiritually?26. Of the two responses presented in Acts chapter 17—the Jews in Thessalonians who ran Paul out of town

and the Bereans who accepted Paul’s message—which one more closely represents where you are?27. Are you more likely to run Paul and others off for preaching the gospel? Do purposely avoid talking

about religious things? Do you wish people would just leave you alone religiously? Do you identify more closely with the Jews who ran Paul out of town, and were so intent on pushing their agenda that they followed him to the next town and forced him to leave there as well?

28. Are you that antagonistic to religion?29. On the other hand, are you willing to think, learn, weigh, and consider the teaching of God’s word,

carefully respecting it and comparing it with what you already believe?30. Do you know that what you believe can be substantiated from the Scriptures?31. Or is it something that you have simply always believed in without complete investigation?










32. Whatever you are religiously did you choose to be that, or did you simply adopt the religion of your family, friends, or someone else close to you?

33. Even if you believe the right things—that God is, that Jesus is his son, and that only through resurrected Messiah faith can you have eternal life,—it’s still possible to believe all those things without really having biblical faith in them.

34. Biblical faith must be more than mental assent. It must be a faith that goes to the lengths that God wants it to go. One faith starts, it must continue in the same direction, and it must continue in that direction until the day you die. That does not mean, of course, that you can never falter or make a misstep, but it does mean that consistency of direction must be a part of our faith.

35. So I return to our question: Where are you spiritually?36. If you find yourself to be more like the Jews who enlisted evil men to drive Paul out of Thessalonica and

Berea, then let me encourage you to reconsider the evidence for the historical Christ.37. Jesus lived and died as a real being, both as 100% man and as 100% God.38. He lived and died in fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy.39. His life, teachings, miracles, holiness, and much more demonstrated that he was divine in nature.40. He really died. He was really buried. And he really rose from the grave.41. The evidence of his resurrection is forcefully presented in the New Testament.42. When the blind man was healed, some very clear evidences were presented:

⁃ 1. It was obvious that the man had been blind since birth. He knew that. His parents knew that. The religious leaders knew that. The general public that encountered him every day knew that.

⁃ 2. After meeting Jesus, specifically after Jesus healed him of his blindness, it was just as obvious that he was no longer blind. He knew that. His parents knew that. The religious leaders knew that. The general public that encountered him every day knew that.

⁃ 3. What accounted for the dramatic change? Did he heal himself? Did it just happen coincidentally with his encounter with the Christ? Did the religious leaders heal this man in order to establish a pick a fight with Christ?

⁃ 4. The text states that Jesus healed him. The text also states that the man who knew that he was blind, that he later realized that he was no longer blind, and that the same man attributed the healing to Jesus. Jesus acknowledged it. The religious leaders recognized that he was no longer blind, but refused to concede that Jesus was responsible. Rather than admitting that a miracle took place and that Jesus was responsible, they went after the Christ even more.

⁃ Question: if it was all a fraud, then why did they go after a man who did nothing? If Jesus did not actually heal the blind man? Why pursue him?

⁃ It appears that the evidence made them at least realize that the blind man’s claim just might be true. But, they did not want to take any chances. They plotted to have Jesus killed.

43. Look again at the context of Acts 17. Paul claimed that Jesus suffered, died (implicit) and lived again.44. Did the evidence he provide here, and elsewhere, prove his case?45. What do you think?46. We ask the question again: “Where are you spiritually?”47. Let’s suppose that you identify more closely with the noble Bereans. Have you been doing, or are you

willing to do, what they did?48. Do you willingly receive God’s word ? Do you search the Scriptures daily?49. Do you do so, not to justify what you already believe, but do you do so in search of all truth?50. At the end of your study, does what the Bible teaches determine all of your beliefs and practices?51. There are choices to make:

⁃ The Bible always presents choices.










⁃ The Bible record always presents the consequences of those choices.⁃ The Bible record always encourages which choice to make.⁃ The Bible always tells us which choices to make and which choices to avoid.⁃ But the final decision is always hours to make.⁃ Our hope and prayer is that you always choose God and his way.

Thank you for listening to our broadcasts this week. Here’s Jay.










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