sculpture: types and means of production

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Sculpture Sculpture is a three-dimensional form constructed to represent a natural or imaginary shape. A sculptor is a person obsessed with the form and shape of things, and its not just the shape of one thing, but the shape of anything and everything: the hard, tense strength, although delicate form of a bone; the strong, solid fleshiness of a beech tree trunk. –Henry Moore

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Page 1: Sculpture: Types and Means of Production

Sculpture• Sculpture is a three-dimensional form

constructed to represent a natural or imaginary shape.

A sculptor is a person obsessed with the form and shape of things, and it’s not just the shape of one thing, but the shape of anything and everything: the hard, tense strength, although delicate form of a bone; the strong, solid fleshiness of a beech tree trunk.

–Henry Moore

Page 2: Sculpture: Types and Means of Production

Types of Sculpture

Installation/Site Specific

Full Round-Sculpture that exists in three-dimensional space. To see all parts of the work you need to walk around it.

Relief – Sculpture that protrudes from a flatsurface. The entire sculpture can be seen from the front.

A sculpture that transforms an entire space into a work of art or wouldn’t exist without the space it occupies. You need to walk through the piece to experience it.

Page 3: Sculpture: Types and Means of Production

Free-Standing or Full-Round

• It inhabits three-dimensional space in the same way that living things do.

• Sculpture in the round cannot be appreciated from only a single viewpoint but must be circled and explored.

Page 4: Sculpture: Types and Means of Production

Relief Sculpture• A relief sculpture

protrudes out of a flat surface, and it’s projection into three-dimensional space is relatively shallow.

• The back of the relief sculpture is not meant to be seen; the entire design can be understood from a frontal view.

Page 5: Sculpture: Types and Means of Production

Bas Relief- (Also referred to as low relief.) Characterized by figures that are only slightly raised from the surface of the background.

Sunken Relief: (Also known as incised or intaglio relief.) Relief that is created by having an image carved down below the surface of the sculpture.

Types of Relief

High Relief: The figures in the sculpture are dramatically raised from the background. They are sometimes nearly sculpted in the round.

Page 6: Sculpture: Types and Means of Production

Installation /Site Specific ArtSculptural artwork that transforms an entire space into a work of art, is constructed using materials found on site or is reliant on it’s location for meaning. The location is part of the artwork.

Installations

Earthworks/Land art: Installations made from natural materials or using the earth as part of the artwork. Usually created outdoors as temporary pieces, but are sometimes monumental and semi-permanent.

Page 7: Sculpture: Types and Means of Production

Methods of Execution1. Subtractive Process– A process where material is cut or

carved away to create a work of art.

2. Additive Process– Any method where materials are combined instead of removed to create a work of art.

3. Manipulation/ modeling – shaping or modeling material with tools or hands.

4. Casting – material that is cast from one state to another

5. Construction/ Fabrication – Elements of the sculpture are adhered to each other in some way to create the finished product.

6. Assemblage – Combining found objects to create a completed work of art.

Page 8: Sculpture: Types and Means of Production

CARVING

Carving is the process of creating a sculpture by cutting, chipping away from or otherwise removingmaterial from a solid mass using a chisel or other carving tool.

Because material is taken away from the mass, carving is known as a subtractive process for creating sculpture. The most common materials used in carving sculptures are stone and wood. In fact, most sculptures throughout history were made using this method.

Page 9: Sculpture: Types and Means of Production

Modeling is a process in which the artist uses a soft, pliable material such as wax, clay, or plaster that is gradually built up and shaped until the desired form is attained. Unlike carving, modeling is an additive method, as the sculptor is continually adding material to the form.

Modeling

The material may be constructed atop some sort of metal frame or skeleton known as an armature to lend support to the soft material, so it will be able to maintain its shape.

Page 10: Sculpture: Types and Means of Production

CASTINGCasting is the process of filling a mold with a liquid material or applying a pliable material to a form and allowing it to harden. In either case, when the material hardens, the resulting form is a cast.

Page 11: Sculpture: Types and Means of Production

LOST WAX CASTING or CIRE-PERDUE

A casting process in which the mold is formed around a wax model which is then melted to leave desired spaces in the mold. This process produces a one-time use mold, or waste mold, and is often used to produce small sculptures or jewelry.

Page 12: Sculpture: Types and Means of Production

Additive processes where existing materials are attached together in some fashion to create a sculpture. This method of production can be used to describe the use of a number of different materials and processes including but not limited to: weaving, welding, woodworking, blacksmithing, or assemblage.

CONSTRUCTION/FABRICATION

Page 13: Sculpture: Types and Means of Production

Assemblage Assembling found objects in unique ways to create a sculpture.

Joseph Cornell

Louise Nevelson

Subodh Gupta

A found object is anything used in a work of art that is recognizable as an object that existed before the sculpture. Examples include trash or wood scraps.

Page 14: Sculpture: Types and Means of Production

Kinetic: Any work

of art with moving parts.

A Few Common Subcategories in Sculpture

Ephemeral: Artwork that is

intentionally temporary.

Interactive:

A work of art that people interact with or change.

Public: Artwork

that is designed for a publicspace.