sculpture medieval art renaissance modern
TRANSCRIPT
Medieval art
• Usually called the dark ages but it’s not really as dark as you might think.
• Timeline: 500-1100 CE• Most art were of religious sense • Medieval, meaning the period in between two
different golden ages
The illuminated manuscript
The Lindisfarne Gospels
Illustrated between 698-
721 in Christianized
Great Britian, is a volume
of many vellum
(parchment) pages.
Book of Kells
Tapestry
The Unicorn in Captivity, 1495–1505
South Netherlandish
Stained glass
architecture
Early Romanesque Churches• Were fortified for safety. They were small and
dark with thick walls and tiny windows.
Early Medieval Castles• Were heavily fortified with
thick walls and moats• Were not at all romantic or
comfortable to live in
Styles began to change in the 12th Century
• Abbot Suger designed the church of St. Denis outside of Paris
• Notice the round arches, the rose window, the three large doors
Notre Dame Cathedral
Chartres Cathedral
• New Gothic Cathedrals soared higher and higher due to the use of flying buttresses
Inside Gothic Cathedrals were held up by ribbed vaulting
Gothic Sculpture
• Was usually part of a church
Hagia Sophia “Holy Wisdom”
Mystical atmosphere• Nearly 3 football fields long• Pendentives- four arches formed a square• Forty arched windows encircle the base of the dome to
give illusion of halo
Romanesque Cathedral
• 1050-1200• Horizontal Emphasis• Stone roof with rounded arches• Thick piers and walls support roof• Smaller windows- dark and solemn
Romanesque Cathedral
Gothic Cathedral
• 1200-1500• Vertical Emphasis- reaches to heaven• Stone roof with pointed arches and ribbed vault• Thin walls and piers supported by Flying Buttresses• Large stain glass windows- airy and “Holy Light”
Flying Buttresses
Medieval Paintings
• Were all religious in subject matter– many were book illustrations or altarpieces
• Were expressionless, flat and almost cartoon-like
• Showed no background or perspective• Were usually frescoes (tempera paint on wet
plaster) although some were painted on wood
Medieval Italian Paintings
In the Late Middle Ages, some attempts at perspective were made and some artists even
began to sign their works• Fra Angelico’s The Annunciation
Cathedrals entered the Flamboyant Gothic Stage
Facades and Interiors became more ornate
Castles were still fortified but also became more decorative
Literature• Secular Poetry
• Often sung or recited – Epics (stories w/ a hero
based on history)• Song of Roland
– Romances – tales of chivalry
(knight’s code of honor)– True love
• Performed by troubadors
Secular Literature with religious themes
– In the vernacular: the language of the people (not Latin)
– Canterbury Tales by • Geoffrey Chaucer
– The Divine Comedy• Dante Alighieri
The Canterbury Tales: The Wife of Bath
Dante’sInferno
Renaissance Art
A comparison with Medieval Art
Before the Renaissance
The artwork . . .
• Focused on religious subjects
• Lacked perspective--paintings appear flat.
• There is little use of light and shadow.
• The artwork is not natural. Figures appear "placed" in the picture. Large = important
The artwork . . . .
• Children are painted to resemble small adults.
• Colors are more subdued than in later periods.
• In the earlier paintings there is heavy use of gold.
• Religious symbols used--haloes, Biblical figures, saints, etc.
During the Renaissance During the Renaissance
The artwork…
• There is use of perspective, light and shadow, proportion,
The artwork…
• Figures--drawn from nature and based on observation of real world (objective).
• Colors are rich, warm, and glowing.
Continued…
• Anatomically correct physiology, and emotion.
• Use of classical topics/stories depicted in paintings – story of Judith and Holofernes
More . . .• Artists became known
for individual style and imagination.
• This is a DaVinci—
• note the similarity in the mouth in this work to the another famous picture by DaVinci
Ginevra de' Benci
…The Mona Lisa
Characteristics of Characteristics of Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art
Realism & ExpressionRealism & Expression
Expulsion from the GardenExpulsion from the Garden
MasaccioMasaccio
14271427
First nudes since classical First nudes since classical times.times.
2. 2. PerspectivePerspective
First use of First use of linear linear perspectivperspective!e!
The TrinityThe Trinity
MasaccioMasaccio
14271427
3. Classicism3. Classicism
Secularism.
Humanism.
Individualism free standing figures.
Symmetry/Balance
The The “Classical Pose”“Classical Pose”Medici “Venus”Medici “Venus”
4. Emphasis on 4. Emphasis on IndividualismIndividualism
Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino
Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.
5. Geometrical Arrangement of 5. Geometrical Arrangement of FiguresFigures
The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate
Leonardo da Vinci
1469
The figure as architecture!
Early RenaissanceEarly Renaissance
The First Three Hall-of-Famers
Masaccio 1401-1428• Founder of early
Renaissance Painting• Painted human figure
as a real human being (3D)• Used perspective• Consistent source of
light (accurate shadows)
The Tribute Money
#2 Donatello 1386-1466
• The sculptor’s Masaccio• David (1430-32)
– First free standing, life-size nude since Classical period
– Contrapposto– Sense of Underlying
skeletal structure
The Penitent Magdalen ~Donatello
“Speak, speak or the plague take you!”
#3 Boticelli
• 1482• Rebirth of Classical
mythology• Fully Pagan• THE BIRTH OF VENUS
The Italian Renaissance
• Leonardo• Michelangelo• Raphael
Da VinciMona Lisa (1503-06)
Perspective,Anatomy, Composition
Cultural icon
Michelangelo
DavidDavid
Michelangelo Michelangelo BuonarottiBuonarotti
15041504
MarbleMarble
(counterpoise)
To model the human form in a non-symmetrical, relaxed stance that appears realistic
Contrapposto
Compare:
Humanism (even within Biblical stories):
Love of the Human Form
David (1501-1504)
Michelangelo
Raphael School of Athens 1510
Raphael
Da Vinci
Michelangelo
AristotleAristotle::looks to looks to
thisthisearth [theearth [thehere andhere and
now].now].
PlatoPlato::looks to looks to
thetheheavens heavens
[or [or the IDEALthe IDEAL
realm].realm].
Pythagoras
Zoroaster
Ptolemy
Euclid
Raphael
painted natural looking settings…
…of people who looked real.
His paintings were full of motion, gestures, and animation.
Raphael’s “Angels”
Modern ArtRejecting the past
ExpressionismFauvismCubismDada
SurrealismAbstract Art
Pop ArtMinimalism
Early Expressionism
• Style that portrayed emotions through distorting form and color
• Edvard Munch– Mental illness, depression– Said he would never want to cast off his
illness– Aimed to induce strong reactions in his
viewers
Munch
Vampire
The Scream
Puberty
Fauvism
• 1904-1908• Explosion of color, exaggerated and vibrant• Disregard for true/actual color• “as if gremlins seized the color knob on the tv”• Influenced by non-European tribal art of the
colonies• Leader: Matisse
MatisseBlue Nude
Derain Purple Bridge
Cubism
• Break down of objects into a multitude of geometric shapes
• Life through a fly’s eye
Braque
Fishing Boats
Juan Gris
Portrait of Picasso
Picasso
Italian Girl
Pablo Picasso
Pablo Picasso1881-1973
• His mother said, “If you become a soldier, you’ll be a general. If you become a monk, you’ll end up as the Pope.” He said, “I became a painter and wound up as Picasso.”
• Painted around 50,000 pieces• Notorious for relationships with women• Children from many women
Analytical Cubism
Blue Period
Synthetic Cubism
Early Works
Late Works
Analytical Cubism
Rose
Period
Late Works
Blue Period
Synthetic Cubism
Expressionism1905-1930
• Art should express the artist’s feelings rather than images of the real world
• Distorted, exaggerated forms and color• Began with van Gogh, Gauguin, Munch• Dark colors and woodcuts relay sadness of
war
Kathe Kollwitz
Poverty
Nolde
Wildly Dancing Children
Abstract Art
• Began with Kandinsky in 1919• Post WWII to 80’s• Abandon any reference to recognizable
reality• No subject• Color can convey emotion even without
content• Founder: Kandinsky
Black Spot I
Mondrian
Composition A: Composition with Black, Red, Gray, Yellow, and Blue
Used only primary colors and non-
colors
Dada Art
• 1916-1923• Got its name from nonsense
– French for hobby horse
• Protested the madness of war• Founded by WWI refugees• Strategy was to denounce and shock
Duchamp Fountain
Duchamp
Mona Lisa with
moustache
Surrealism
• 1920’s and 1930’s• Implies going beyond realism• Painted the bizarre and irrational to express
truths• Defy common sense• Looks like a dream-world
Joan Miro1893-1983
• Invented unique biomorphic images• Geometric shapes and amoeba-like blobs• Colorful, playful• “Cartoon from another planet”
The Policeman
Salvador Dali1904-1989
• Exploited his own personality quirks• Fears: bugs, crossing streets, trains, boats,
airplanes, Metro, buying shoes in public• Actual objects but distorted• Had the canvas next to his bed and woke to paint
dreamscapes• Disliked by some because of his fascination with
Hitler• Pulled publicity stunts
– Gave speech with foot in pail of milk– Press conference with lobster on his head– Wore a diving suit and lectured but no one could hear
him and he started to asphyxiate himself
Crucifixion
Weaning of Furniture-Nutrition
Cannibalism in Autumn
Rene Magritte1898-1967
Le siècle des lumières
The Century of Lights
Abstract Expressionism
• Also called action painting• 40’s-50’s• Came out of the jazz era’s lack of form• No longer was art required to be a visual
representation of some object• Jackson Pollock=Jack the Dripper (1912-1956)
– Paint Hard, Live Hard– Died drunk in a car crash-age 44
Jackson Pollock
Eyes in the Heat
Lavender Mist
Minimalists
• Color Field – Huge canvases of color– Representations of feelings and ideas
• Hard Edge– Calculated, simple forms– Colors in harmony
Color FieldRothko
1968
Rothko
White Center
Hard EdgeKelly Elsworth
Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red
Frank StellaHarran II
Pop Art
• 1950 ‘s and 1960’s• Derived from the word popular• Used everyday items as inspiration for art• Soup cans and comic strips• Mass produced• Pope of Pop: Andy Warhol
– 6 hour movie called Sleep
Andy Warhol
Roy LichtensteinGo for Baroque
You, the Artist
Use objects in your backpack, purse, or pockets to create something that someone would consider Pop or
Minimal Art.