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SAP SCM 5.0 Add-On Transportation Management (TM)

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SAP Online Help 29.08.2006

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SAP SCM 5.0 Add-On Transportation Management (TM) 500 2


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SAP SCM 5.0 Add-On Transportation Management (TM)........................................................ 7 Transportation Management.................................................................................................. 8

Master Data and Settings................................................................................................. 11

Integration of Master Data ............................................................................................ 12

Integration of Transaction Data .................................................................................... 14

TP/VS-Specific Customizing Settings in SAP R/3........................................................ 15

TP/VS-Specific Customizing Settings in SAP APO...................................................... 17

Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS) ..................................................... 18

Supported Processes ................................................................................................... 20

Returns Planning....................................................................................................... 21

SNP Stock Transport Order Planning ....................................................................... 23

Dynamic Route Determination from the ERP System .............................................. 25

Master Data for TP/VS.................................................................................................. 27

TP/VS Resources...................................................................................................... 28

Vehicle Resource .................................................................................................. 29

Compartment ..................................................................................................... 31

Examples of Compartments .............................................................................. 32

Trailer..................................................................................................................... 36

Means-of-Transport Combination.......................................................................... 37

TP/VS-Relevant Transportation Lane Settings......................................................... 39

Cost Profile................................................................................................................ 41

Example of a Cost Function .................................................................................. 43

Capacity Decrease ................................................................................................ 44

Definition of Schedules ............................................................................................. 45

Maintaining Itineraries ........................................................................................... 47

Maintaining Schedule Validity ............................................................................... 48

Maintaining Schedules .......................................................................................... 49

Definition of Transportation Zone Hierarchies .......................................................... 51

Definition of Transshipment Hierarchies ................................................................... 53

Consolidation ................................................................................................................ 55

Consolidation Strategy.............................................................................................. 56

Order Split Based on Freight Units............................................................................... 57

Split Rule................................................................................................................... 59

Dimensions and Units of Measurement ................................................................ 61

Example of Proportional Split ................................................................................ 63

Manual Creation of Freight Units .............................................................................. 65

Interactive Planning ...................................................................................................... 67

Planning View ........................................................................................................... 69

Using the Planning Boards.................................................................................... 72



Displaying Routes for Shipments .......................................................................... 73

Maintaining Shipments Manually .............................................................................. 75

Maintaining Multimodal Shipments Manually............................................................ 77

Manual Order Combining.......................................................................................... 79

Changing Delivery Dates/Times in SAP R/3 from TP/VS......................................... 81

Status Overview ........................................................................................................ 83

Optimization.................................................................................................................. 84

Optimization Data...................................................................................................... 86

Total Costs ................................................................................................................ 87

Initial Solution............................................................................................................ 88

Executing Interactive Optimization............................................................................ 89

Editing the Optimization Profile................................................................................. 91

Demand Horizon and Planning Horizon in Optimization........................................... 92

Constraints for Optimization...................................................................................... 94

Definition of Windows................................................................................................ 97

Date Constraints for Delivery Date........................................................................ 99

Dynamic Route Determination.................................................................................... 101

Route Determination Profile.................................................................................... 104

Simulation of Dynamic Route Determination .......................................................... 106

Definition of Compatibilities ........................................................................................ 107

Condition..................................................................................................................... 109

Transportation Service Provider Selection ................................................................. 111

Strategies ................................................................................................................ 114

Strategy Determination........................................................................................ 117

Cost Calculation for Continuous Moves .............................................................. 118

Business Share ....................................................................................................... 119

Check Against Transportation Allocations .............................................................. 120

Settings for the Check Against Transportation Allocations ................................. 122

Definition of Transportation Lanes .......................................................................... 125

Optimization as Part of TSP Selection.................................................................... 126

Upgrade of TSP Selection Parameters................................................................... 127

Planned Shipment Release ........................................................................................ 128

Collaborative Transportation Planning ....................................................................... 129

Monitoring of Shipment Tenderings ........................................................................ 134

Delivery and Shipment Deletion ................................................................................. 136

Control Rule................................................................................................................ 137

Planning in the Background........................................................................................ 139

Additional Functions ................................................................................................... 140

Error Handling/Monitoring ....................................................................................... 141

Monitoring of VS Alerts ........................................................................................... 143



Editing Field Contents ............................................................................................. 146

Authorizations in TP/VS .......................................................................................... 148

Transfer of Planned Shipments to SAP R/3................................................................... 149

Transportation and Shipment Scheduling in TP/VS ................................................... 150

Monitor for OLTP Publications.................................................................................... 152

Transportation Management in EWM ................................................................................ 154 Shipment ........................................................................................................................ 155

Freight Document........................................................................................................... 157

Creation of Freight Documents ...................................................................................... 158

Integration of TM with the Loading Process................................................................... 160

Printer and Form Determination in Transportation Management................................... 161

Authorizations in Transportation Management .............................................................. 162

Ocean Carrier Booking................................................................................................... 163

Performing Ocean Carrier Booking ............................................................................ 165

Monitoring and Tracking Using SAP EM .................................................................... 166

Printer and Form Determination for Ocean Carrier Booking ...................................... 168



SAP SCM 5.0 Add-On Transportation Management (TM) Purpose SAP SCM 5.0 Add-On TM enhances an SCM system in the following areas:

Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS) Transportation Management (TM) in Extended Warehouse Management (EWM)

Introductory Notes You must install the SAP SCM 5.0 Add-On TM. For more information, see Installation Note 974250.

Integration The Add-On adds the following subcomponent to the SCM-APO-VS component:

SCM-APO-VS-CT Compartments and Trailers The Add-On adds the following subcomponent to the SCM-EWM-TM component:

SCM-EWM-TM-OB Ocean Carrier Booking Features Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS): The following new functions are available in TP/VS:

Planning with compartments [Seite 31] (see also Examples of Compartments [Seite 32])

Planning with trailers [Seite 36] Definition of means-of-transport combinations [Seite 37] Definition of decreasing capacities [Seite 44]

The following sections have been changed as a result of these new functions:

Vehicle Resource [Seite 29] Cost Profile [Seite 41] Dynamic Route Determination [Seite 101] Constraints for Optimization [Seite 94] Initial Solution [Seite 88] Condition [Seite 109]

TM in Extended Warehouse Management (EWM): In TM in EWM, you can now book capacity on a ship for sea transportation. You can use SAP Event Management (SAP EM) to track the individual steps in this process. For more information, see Ocean Carrier Booking [Seite 163].



Transportation Management Purpose You use this process to plan, optimize, and execute the complete transportation process between companies in a detailed manner. You execute transportation planning in SAP Advanced Planning and Optimization (SAP APO) using the component Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS). The orders (sales orders, purchase orders, returns, or stock transport orders) and deliveries that you have created in SAP R/3 and transferred to SAP APO using SAP APO Core Interface (CIF) form the basis for planning. The result of TP/VS planning are planned shipments that you transfer to SAP R/3 after planning is complete. There you use the SAP R/3 component Logistics Execution (LE) for transportation execution.

To monitor your shipments, you can connect SAP Event Management (SAP EM).

To evaluate the transportation process, you can connect SAP Business Information Warehouse (SAP BW).

Prerequisites You have SAP APO and SAP R/3 4.6C or higher. You can use SAP R/3 4.6B after

consultation with SAP.

You have already executed the steps described under Master Data and Settings [Seite 11].



Process Flow

Tender planned shipments (optional)

TransportationService ProviderTransportation Planner

Executeshipments

(picking, loading,settlement)

Transfer orders(e.g. sales orders,purchase orders,stock transport

orders) and deliveries

Plan shipmentsmanually or using

the optimizer

Check planningsituation

Accept or rejectplanned shipments

Select transportation

service provider

Determine andcorrect deadline

differences

Check and triggerdelivery generation

and transferplanned shipments

Release planned shipments

System createsdeliveries and

shipments

R/3

EDIEDI

APO

1. You transfer the transaction data [Seite 14], that is, orders and deliveries, from SAP R/3

to SAP APO.

2. You execute transportation planning in TP/VS. When doing this you assign the orders and deliveries to vehicle resources [Seite 29]. The system uses this assignment to generate planned shipments automatically. When creating planned shipments the system takes various constraints into account, for example, vehicle capacities and deadlines.

You can execute transportation planning manually [Seite 75] or you can use the TP/VS optimizer [Seite 84].

3. You check the planning situation. Interactive planning offers planning boards where you can display all planning objects (orders, resources, and planned shipments) in a graphical format. You can also continue to manually process planned shipments that the optimizer has created.



4. You can then assign the required transportation service provider to your planned shipments. To do this you select transportation service providers [Seite 111], either manually or in the background.

5. You can determine and rectify deadline differences between sales orders or deliveries and the corresponding shipments in the following ways:

If you plan planned shipments for sales orders, you can use backorder processing [Extern] from the SAP APO component Global Availability Check (GATP) to check the deadlines for these sales orders.

If you plan planned shipments for deliveries, you can change delivery deadlines in SAP R/3 [Seite 81] from within TP/VS.

6. When you have finished planning, you release the planned shipments. Released planned shipments are fixed, that is, you can no longer change them manually. Releasing [Seite 128] a planned shipment is a prerequisite for tendering the shipments to an external transportation service provider (collaborative transportation planning [Seite 129]).

7. If you have already assigned a transportation service provider to your planned shipments and have set up cooperative transportation planning for this transportation service provider, the system sends a tender to this transportation service provider when the planned shipments are released. The transportation service provider can accept or reject the planned shipments that have been tendered or suggest a change to the deadline.

8. After planning has been completed, you trigger the generation of deliveries in SAP R/3 within TP/VS, either manually or in the background. As a result, deliveries are automatically generated in SAP R/3 for the orders for which planned shipments exist.

9. You check in TP/VS either manually or in the background if deliveries have been created in SAP R/3 for all the orders for which planned shipments have been created. Only if this is the case can you transfer the planned shipments to SAP R/3.

10. You transfer [Seite 149] the planned shipments to SAP R/3 either manually or in the background.The shipments are created automatically in SAP R/3.

11. You use the SAP R/3 component Logistics Execution (LE) for transportation execution. In the case of sales orders, this covers picking, loading, and freight cost processing, for example. Moreover, you can print shipping documents and perform dangerous goods checks where appropriate. For more information about transportation execution, see the documentation for the component Logistics Execution (LE).



Master Data and Settings Purpose In this process you create the master data required for transportation management [Seite 8] and make the Customizing settings.

Prerequisites You have integrated SAP R/3 and SAP APO [Extern].

Process Flow Master Data and Settings in SAP R/3 ...

1. You make the TP/VS-specific Customizing settings [Seite 15].

2. You define the master data for the transportation management process and transfer it to SAP APO using SAP APO Core Interface (CIF). For more information, see Integration of Master Data [Seite 12].

Master Data and Settings in SAP APO ... ...

1. You make the TP/VS-specific Customizing settings [Seite 17].

2. You define the TP/VS-specific master data [Seite 27]. You need this data in addition to the master data transferred from SAP R/3.

3. If you want to monitor alerts, define a VS alert profile [Extern].

4. If you want to use geocoding, connect a geocoding program to SAP APO. For more information, see Geocoding [Extern].



Integration of Master Data Purpose In this process you create the master data required for transportation management [Seite 8] in SAP R/3 and you transfer this data to SAP Advanced Planning and Optimization (SAP APO) using SAP APO Core Interface (CIF).

Process ...

1. You create the following master data in SAP R/3:

Customers Materials Vendors (for inbound delivery processes) Plants

Make sure that you specify an address, since geocoding [Extern] in SAP APO uses the address data (country and region) defined in SAP R/3.

In SAP R/3 Customizing you assign a node type to the plant, for example, a plant or distribution center. To do this, choose Production Distribution Resource Planning (DRP) Basic Settings Maintain assignment of node type plant. By doing this you define the location type in SAP APO to which the plant defined in SAP R/3 corresponds.

Shipping points Shipping points are mapped in SAP APO as locations of the type Shipping Point and are taken into account as source locations for transportation planning in the Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS) component. You can use shipping points to filter orders in the optimization profile.

If you want to use shipping points as source locations in TP/VS, you have to set the Use Shipping Point as Source Location indicator in Customizing for TP/VS under Basic Settings Basic Settings for Vehicle Scheduling.

Shipping points are integrated in the CIF integration model as of SAP ERP Central Component 6.0.

Transportation zones If you want to transfer a large number of customers, you create transportation zones in which you group multiple customers. The transportation zone is mapped as a location in SAP APO with the location type 1005 (transportation zone). You assign the customers to the transportation zone using a hierarchy [Seite 51].

Service provider (freight forwarder) First you create the service provider. To do so, in SAP R/3 choose Logistics Logistics Execution Master Data Partner Service Agent Create. You then assign this service provider to an account group from the SAP R/3 vendor master. To do so, in SAP R/3, choose Integration with Other SAP Components Advanced Planning and Optimization Application-Specific Settings and Enhancements Settings and Enhancements for Shipments Assign Vendor Account Group to APO Location Type.



Alternatively, you can call the table CIFVENTYPE in the Data Browser (transaction SE16).

i. You choose an account group for SAP R/3.

You can use the account group 0005 (Freight Forwarder) that has been predefined by SAP. Alternatively, you can define your own account groups in SAP R/3 Customizing.

ii. Choose TSP (1020) as the location type for SAP APO.

2. You transfer the master data to SAP APO.

3. You check the data that has been transferred in SAP APO.

See also:

Integration of Master Data [Extern]



Integration of Transaction Data Purpose In this process you create the transaction data, for example orders, required for transportation management [Seite 8] in SAP R/3 and transfer it to SAP APO using SAP APO Core Interface (CIF).

Prerequisites You have created the master data [Seite 12] required for transportation management in SAP R/3.

Process Flow ...

1. You create stocks. From the SAP Easy Access screen choose Logistics Materials Management Inventory Management Goods Movement MIGO Goods Movement.

2. You create an order, for example, a standard order. From the SAP Easy Access screen choose Logistics Sales and Distribution Sales Order Create. Note the order number.

3. You create an active integration model that contains, for example, the availability check, sales orders, and warehouse stock and transfer this data to SAP APO.

4. You check the data that is transferred to SAP APO, for example, the stock and order for the material, in the PP/DS product view [Extern].



TP/VS-Specific Customizing Settings in SAP R/3 Use The following section describes the TP/VS-specific Customizing settings in SAP R/3 that you must make for transportation management [Seite 8]. For more information about the individual activities, see the Implementation Guide (IMG).

Activities ...

1. You define the transportation relevance. You can only create shipments in SAP R/3 for transportation-relevant deliveries.

You use the delivery item type and the delivery type to define the transportation relevance of inbound and outbound deliveries under Logistics Execution Transportation Shipments Maintain Transportation Relevance. You also define a transportation-relevant route in the case of outbound deliveries.

i. You define a route under Sales and Distribution Basic Functions Routes.

ii. You define this route as being relevant to transportation under Logistics Execution Transportation Shipments Maintain Transportation Relevance.

2. You define the following number ranges under Logistics Execution Transportation Shipments Define Number Ranges for Shipments:

An external number range for the planned shipments that you create in SAP APO that agrees with the internal number range in SAP APO.

A number range for the shipments that are automatically created in SAP R/3 after the transfer.

3. You define shipment types that are relevant, for example, for determining the number ranges under Logistics Execution Transportation Shipments Define Shipment Types.

Set the indicators Do Not Adopt Stages and No Legs to Be Determined.

To transfer your planned shipments to SAP R/3 and to be able to create shipments there, you must assign the shipment types in SAP APO Customizing for the component Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS) under Interfaces Determine Shipment Type.

4. You define transportation planning points under Enterprise Structure Definition Logistics Execution Maintain Transportation Planning Point. You then assign a shipping point and shipping type for determining the transportation planning point to these transportation planning points. Choose Logistics Execution Transportation Interfaces Transportation Planning Point Determination.

You use the transportation planning point in the integration model to define which planned shipments are to be transferred to SAP APO.

5. You define packaging materials (optional).

The means of transport in SAP APO correspond to the packaging materials.



a. You create a material with material type VERP (packaging) in the material master. Choose Logistics Materials Management Material Master Material Create (Special) Packaging.

b. You assign the packaging material type V100 and the packaging material category Means of Transport to this material in Customizing. Choose Logistics General Handling Unit Management Basics Define Packaging Material Types.

c. In SAP APO you assign a means of transport to the packaging material defined in SAP R/3. Choose Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS) Interfaces Maintain Mapping Table for Vehicles.



TP/VS-Specific Customizing Settings in SAP APO Use The following section describes the TP/VS-specific Customizing settings in SAP APO that you must make for transportation management [Seite 8]. For more information about the individual activities, see the Implementation Guide (IMG).

Activities Basic Settings for TP/VS in SAP SCM and SAP APO Customizing ...

1. You define a distribution definition with the publishing types Shipment and Delivery under Integration with SAP Components Integration of SAP SCM and SAP APO Basic Settings for Data Transfer Publication Maintain Distribution Definition. You use the distribution definition to define to which logical systems the data is distributed during the transfer of planned shipments from SAP APO.

2. You define means of transport under Master Data Transportation Lane Maintain Means of Transport.

You can also create means of transport in the SAP APO master data under Master Data Transportation Lane Maintain Means of Transport.

3. You define the availability and item of standard optimizers for SAP APO and the access to these optimizers under Basis Settings Optimization Basic Functions Maintain Master Data for Optimization Server.

Settings in TP/VS Customizing ... ...

1. You make the following basic settings:

Basis settings Number ranges Hierarchies (transportation zone hierarchies [Seite 51] and transshipment

hierarchies [Seite 53])

Transportation modes (only relevant for automatic shipment generation) Transportation groups

2. You create an optimization profile [Seite 91] and a cost profile [Seite 41].

You can also call these profiles from the area menu in SAP APO.

3. You define filters and sort profiles for backorder processing.



Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS) Purpose You use the component Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS) to plan and optimize shipments for orders (sales orders, purchase orders, returns, and stock transport orders) and deliveries. To do this you assign the orders and deliveries for which you plan shipments to vehicles. You can take various restrictions into account, for example, requested delivery dates or transportation capacities when assigning the vehicles. The result of TP/VS planning is the creation of planned shipments.

TP/VS supports various processes [Seite 20] such as outbound delivery, inbound delivery, and cross-docking.

transportation management [Seite You use TP/VS as part of 8].

Integration Task System Create orders and deliveries for the shipments that you want to plan

SAP R/3

Execute the shipments SAP R/3 component Logistics Execution (LE) Backorder processing SAP APO component Global Availability Check

(GATP)

Evaluate the transportation management process

SAP Business Information Warehouse (SAP BW)

Monitor transportation execution SAP Event Management (SAP EM)

Features Interactive planning [Seite 67]

You use interactive planning to plan shipments for your orders and deliveries and to process them manually. You can use the planning view [Seite 69] with its various planning boards [Seite 72] for interactive planning.

Optimization [Seite 84] You use optimization to optimize the planning of shipments on the basis of costs and to determine optimal delivery sequences and transportation dates/times. You can also start optimization from interactive planning or schedule it in the background. You can continue to process optimization results in interactive planning.

Transportation service provider selection (TSP selection) [Seite 111] You use the TSP selection to assign transportation service providers to your planned shipments, either manually or automatically. In the case of automatic assignment, the system assigns the transportation service providers on the basis of a transportation service provider profile, in which you define criteria for the assignment, for example, costs or priority. You can either trigger the automatic TSP selection automatically or schedule it in the background.

Releasing planned shipments [Seite 128] You use the release to fix your planned shipments after you have finished planning. You cannot change released planned shipments manually or in optimization. The release is also a perquisite for transportation tendering.



Transportation tendering (collaborative transportation planning) [Seite 129] You use transportation tendering to tender your planned shipments to external transportation service providers using EDI or the Internet. The transportation service provider can react to the tender in various ways: accept the offer, reject the offer, or suggest a deadline change.

Monitoring exceptional situations If problems occur during planning, TSP selection, or transportation tendering, you can display and rectify them using interactive planning (see Monitoring VS Alerts [Seite 143]).



Supported Processes Use The following table shows you the processes that the component Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS) supports:

Process Description

Outbound delivery A manufacturer sends goods, for example, for a sales order, to a goods recipient.

You create planned shipments in TP/VS. Unlike in the ERP system, you can create planned shipments in TP/VS with which both sales orders and purchase orders are delivered.

Delivery A goods recipient takes receipt of the goods that a vendor has delivered, for example for a purchase order.

You create planned shipments in TP/VS. Unlike in the ERP system, you can create planned shipments in TP/VS with which both sales orders and purchase orders are delivered.

Stock transfer Goods or products are transported from one location to another. These locations can be plants or distribution centers.

You can plan stock transport orders from SNP [Seite 23], for example.

Cross-docking Goods are moved to another vehicle at a transshipment location [Extern].

The following restrictions exist when using optimization:

Orders can be transferred a maximum of two times. You can, however, map transshipment processes with more than two transshipment locations in manual multilevel planning [Seite 77].

Optimization determines exactly one itinerary for each order, that is, it does not currently offer any alternative itineraries via other transshipment locations. You can model alternative itineraries by defining compatibilities.

If optimization creates an interlinked planned shipment from multiple planned shipments, the ERP system does not currently recognize that these shipments are connected, unlike SAP Advanced Planning and Optimization (SAP APO).

For more information, see Definition of Transshipment Hierarchies [Seite 53].

Returns A customer sends goods back to the manufacturer because they are damaged, for example.

For more information, see Returns Planning [Seite 21].

Dynamic route determination When you enter sales orders in the ERP system, the system automatically performs transportation planning and scheduling. You can also use dynamic route determination in TP/VS.



Returns Planning Purpose This process allows you to plan not only sales orders and purchase orders in Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS), but also returns that you have created in SAP R/3 Sales and Distribution and their return deliveries. This process can also be used for return shipments of empties. In this case, the aim in planning and optimizing the shipments in TP/VS is to ship returns back to the supplying plant on the return leg of a journey. That is, to plan outbound deliveries and returns in one outbound shipment. Planning returns and returns deliveries in TP/VS corresponds to planning sales orders. The system treats returns like outbound deliveries, although they are actually inbound deliveries. The source and target location are opposite for returns: The goods recipient is the goods issuer of the returns (source location), the supplying plant is the receiving plant (target location), and the shipping point is the goods receiving point. The deliver date/time for returns is the good receipt date/time in the plant.

Prerequisites System requirements:

SAP R/3 4.6B or higher Active integration models for sales orders are available in SAP R/3 for the relevant

materials/plants.

In the Customizing for SAP R/3, you have activated the transfer of returns and returns deliveries to the relevant SAP APO system (Integration with Other SAP Components Advanced Planning and Optimization Application-Specific Settings and Enhancements Settings and Enhancements for Sales Orders Set up Transfer of Returns to SAP APO).

In the optimization profile in TP/VS, you have selected the ATP categories BZ (SD returns) and BY (SD returns deliveries) and have defined the receiving plant as the target location.

Process Flow ...

1. First you create the returns in SAP R/3. When you save, the returns are automatically transferred to SAP APO and represented as freight units in TP/VS. In the same way as for sales orders, you plan and optimize the returns in TP/VS and then transfer them back to SAP R/3 together with the planned shipments, where the returns deliveries and shipments are created automatically. There is no function similar to backlog processing for returns and returns deliveries.

2. In SAP R/3, you then process the shipments created by TP/VS. You process the shipments in the same way as subsequent documents for sales orders.

3. You post the goods receipt for the returns deliveries in SAP R/3.

4. Later, you delete the shipments and returns deliveries in TP/VS in the same way as you would do for sales orders.

5. If you change returns in the SAP R/3 system, then the freight units are updated in TP/VS in the same way as for sales orders planning. This is valid for the following kinds of changes:

Creating or deleting document items Changing document data, for example goods recipients, plants, quantities, or

dates



This causes existing shipments to become invalid. If you create, change, or delete returns deliveries in SAP R/3 (manually or in collective processing) with reference to returns, then the freight units are adjusted accordingly in TP/VS.

Further Information

We recommend that, for returns in SAP R/3, you leave the shipping scheduling inactive (as in the standard Customizing).

The SAP APO product availability check can take into account returns or their returns deliveries as receipt elements. You can define these in ATP check control Customizing. To do this, include the ATP category BZ (SD returns) and/or BY (SD returns deliveries) in the scope of the check.

However, returns do not affect transportation allocation, that is, they do not reduce the withdrawal quantity and are therefore not taken into account by the system during the check against transportation allocations.

SAP APO displays returns and their returns deliveries in the product view. However, they are not considered as receipt elements in production planning (PP).

Returns and their returns deliveries do not have a negative effect on supply network planning (SNP), capable-to-match (CTM) planning, or demand planning (DP).

Returns and their returns deliveries are saved as receipt elements at the plant (location) but are not generally saved as issue elements with the customer. Thus returns do not flow into requirements planning for vendor-managed inventory (VMI) customers.

Restrictions on the SAP R/3 Side

Consignment and returnable packaging in returns SAP R/3 does not support returns for consignment stock or returnable packaging. In these processes, the stock is near to the customer and is not relevant for TP/VS or own shipments. At most, the stock is relevant for shipments at the customer location, which the freight forwarder might execute.

The standard Customizing does not support collections from consignment stock and returnable packaging stock. However, you can support these processes by deviating from the standard Customizing and foregoing the (requirements relevance and) availability check for consignment or returnable packaging stock.

Sales orders with returns items Planning returns in TP/VS is only supported for return items in returns. That is, return items can be permitted in repair orders or other sales orders, but these are not transferred to SAP APO. Note however that the reverse also applies: Only return items may be permitted in returns.

External plant in return items (as of SAP R/3 4.7) SAP R/3 supports the planning of returns in TP/VS only for return items with a plant in your own SAP R/3 system. As of SAP R/3 4.7, you can create a sales document item for a plant in another SAP R/3 system (from which the item is then delivered or received). Planning returns in TP/VS is not possible for return items with this kind of external plant.



SNP Stock Transport Order Planning Purpose You can also use stock transport orders from Supply Network Planning (SNP) as a planning basis in Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS).

Prerequisites You have created deployment stock transfers in SNP. In the Customizing for Supply Network Planning, you have defined under Basic

Settings Configure Transfer to OLTP Systems, that deployment stock transfers [Extern] or TLB shipments [Extern] should be transferred to SAP R/3 and how this should occur.

Process Flow ...

1. You transfer deployment stock transfers from SNP to SAP R/3. SAP R/3 maps these as stock transport orders. You can then use the stock transport orders transferred to SAP APO for planning in TP/VS.

2. Alternatively you can generate TLB shipments in the Transport Load Builder (TLB) from the deployment stock transfers. The system groups together several deployment stock transfers to practical freight units. The aim in this is to fill the means of transport to its maximum capacity and at the same time not fall short of the minimum capacity. You then transfer the TLB shipments to SAP R/3, where they are mapped as stock transport orders. You can then use the stock transport orders transferred to SAP APO for planning in TP/VS. In this case, the deployment stock transport orders are not transferred to SAP R/3, or they are transferred as purchase requisitions (depending on your settings in the Customizing for Supply Chain Management).

You can also process SNP stock transfers directly in the Transport Load Builder (TLB) (that is, without using deployment). For additional information, see SAP Note 514947.



APO

SNP / TLB

VS

GATP

tendering.

SAP APO TP/VSSAP R/3

Stock transportorder

TLB:Grouping into TLB

shipments (optional)

SAP APO SNP

Deployment stock transfer

Planning ofstock transfer

orders

See also:

Transport Load Builder [Extern]

Deployment [Extern]



Dynamic Route Determination from the ERP System Purpose In this process, transportation planning and scheduling is performed automatically when you create or change sales orders in the ERP system. Dynamic route determination is performed as part of Global Available-to-Promise (Global ATP Check) [Extern].

For more information about the purposes and functions of dynamic route determination, see Dynamic Route Determination [Seite 101]. For more information about the interaction between dynamic route determination and the global ATP check, see Scheduling with Dynamic Route Determination [Extern].

Prerequisites See Dynamic Route Determination [Seite 101].

Process ...

1. You create your sales order in the ERP system.

You can also perform dynamic route determination for the following document types:

Scheduling agreements without releases Quotations

However, for quotations you can only use dynamic route determination for scheduling purposes (in other words, only in simulation mode without saving the shipment proposals).

Rush orders (sales orders with immediate delivery) However, here the system does not perform a quantity split.

2. In the Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS) component, freight units are created automatically from the items and schedule lines in the sales order. If you have met the prerequisites for the order split, an order split [Seite 57] is performed automatically.

route determination profile [Seite 3. TP/VS determines a suitable 104] for each freight unit. If TP/VS does not find a route determination profile for an item in the sales order, it cannot schedule the entire sales order. It terminates dynamic route determination and does not confirm any items in the document.

4. TP/VS automatically determines shipment proposals and the relevant dates/times. The settings that you make in the route determination profile determine whether the system displays the results. If the system is not to display the results, it uses the best result in accordance with the sorting that was chosen in the route determination profile. When the system displays the results, you can edit the shipment proposals and dates/times manually.

5. If the results are displayed, you trigger the global ATP check for the sales order in the results view in SAP Advanced Planning and Optimization (SAP APO). If the results are not displayed, the system automatically performs the global ATP check. If the global ATP check does not confirm the quantities for the material staging date determined by dynamic route determination, it automatically performs forward scheduling with a new



dynamic route determination. This only applies if you plan on the basis of ATP-confirmed quantities.

If you create or change individual sales order items, the global ATP check is performed automatically for these items. Dynamic route determination is performed automatically for the entire document. We recommend that you then manually trigger dynamic route determination and the global ATP check again for the entire sales order. Otherwise, inconsistencies can occur between the shipping dates/times in the sales order and in the shipment proposal.

The global ATP check transfers the data to the ERP system.

6. You save the sales order in the ERP system. The sales order is automatically transferred to SAP APO. If you have not activated the simulation mode, the shipments that were determined are saved in TP/VS and are displayed in the planning view. There you can process them further. If you have activated the simulation mode, the shipments are neither saved nor displayed.



Master Data for TP/VS Definition Master data that is used in the Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS) component.

Use You use the following master data in TP/VS:

TP/VS resources [Seite 28] Transportation lanes (see TP/VS-Relevant Transportation Lane Settings [Seite 39]) Cost profile [Seite 41] Schedules [Seite 45] Transportation zone hierarchies [Seite 51] Transshipment hierarchies [Seite 53]

You must manually assign master data that you create directly in SAP APO to the active model (model 000). This applies to resources, schedules, and hierarchies. For more information on models and planning versions, see Supply Chain Model, Planning Version, and Supply Chain Engineer [Extern].



TP/VS Resources Definition Resources that are used in the Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS) component.

Use You use the following resources in TP/VS:

Vehicle resources You use vehicle resources to transport orders or freight units [Extern]. For more information, see Vehicle Resource [Seite 29].

Loading resources (inbound/outbound) You use loading resources for loading and unloading vehicles, taking into account the resource capacity. Possible loading resources:

Forklift A plant with a certain number of docks Workers

To define loading resources, you must first define a single resource or a multiresource with resource category H (handling unit) in the resource master and then assign it in the location master. Optimization [Seite 84] takes loading resources into account as constraints.

Resources maintained at opening times You use these resources to model when a plant is available for loading/unloading. To define these resources, you must first define opening times in the resource master. You then assign a resource in the location master, usually a calendar resource.

You cannot define unscheduled breaks for vehicle resources, loading resources, or opening times. For more information about creating breaks, see Creating Capacity Variants [Extern].



Vehicle Resource Definition Resource that is used in the Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS) component.

Use You use vehicle resources as planning objects in TP/VS. Vehicle resources map the capacity and availability of vehicles that you want to use for transportation.

You cannot define the available capacity for this resource type dependent on time.

However, you can define a time-dependent availability using shift sequences.

You can choose up to eight dimensions and units of measurement to describe the capacity (Weight and Volume are predefined by default). Only if these correspond to the dimensions and units of measurement that you have defined in a split rule [Seite 59] can the optimizer take into account the vehicle capacity. For more information, see Dimensions and Units of Measurement [Seite 61].

If you want to check the capacity using the dimensions, set the Finite Planning indicator.

In manual planning, you can overload the capacity of a resource. Integration To be able to define vehicle resources, you must have defined means of transport [Extern]. The following figure represents the relationship between vehicle resources, means of transport, and transportation modes.

Vehicle

Bounty

Transport Method

steamer

Transport

mode

Sea

Transport

mode

Street

Transport Method

caravel

Vehicle

Santa Maria

Transportation Mode:Sea

Transportation Mode:Road

Means of Transport:Container Ship

Means of Transport:Cargo Ship

Vehicle Resource:Santa Maria

Vehicle Resource:Bounty



The vehicle resource is a concrete means of transport, for example, the ship Santa Maria. Means of transport are classes of vehicle resources, for example, a container ship or cargo ship. You assign a means of transport to each vehicle resource. The transportation mode specifies how the goods are transported, for example, as a sea shipment. You assign transportation modes to means of transport.

You define modes of transportation in Customizing. They must agree with the modes of transport that you have defined in the ERP system.

Schedule Vehicles In TP/VS you can plan with schedule vehicles [Extern], in other words, vehicle resources with a schedule. To do this, you must set the Schedule indicator for the means of transport that you want to assign to the vehicle resource. You can then assign this vehicle resource to a schedule. For more information about schedules, see Definition of Schedules [Seite 45].

Only if you have assigned a means of transport suitable for schedules to a vehicle resource after creating a shipment, can this vehicle resource also be used for other shipments for the duration of the transportation.

The optimizer does not consider opening times at the locations which the schedule vehicle visits as constraints.

Your Own Vehicle Resources You define your own vehicle resources using the means of transport by specifying that it is your own means of transport. You then assign this means of transport to your vehicle resource You can assign your own vehicle resource to a depot location.

Trailer You can define vehicle resources that cannot move by themselves. For more information, see Trailer [Seite 36].

Vehicle Combination You can combine vehicle resources to make vehicle combinations. For more information, see Means-of-Transport Combination [Seite 37].

Compartment You can divide the loading space of a vehicle resource into compartments [Seite 31].



Compartment Definition Part of the loading space of a vehicle resource (vehicle or trailer).

Use You use compartments for the following, for example:

You have to separate two freight units on a truck since they contain refrigerated goods and fruit.

You want to transport diesel and super fuel in one tanker. Structure You define compartments by using compartment types. You can define a fixed number of compartments per vehicle resource (vehicle or trailer).

For each compartment, you can define a capacity per dimension [Seite 61]. The capacity consumption within a compartment is linear. By defining steps, you can model a capacity consumption on the basis of the step. This is recommended if the compartment has a door or if you want to work with movable partitions, for example.

The relationship between the total capacity of the vehicle resource and the total capacity of all assigned compartments determines whether the individual compartments are fixed or flexible. This is not an attribute of the compartment. A vehicle resource with fixed compartments means that the total capacity of all assigned compartments is the same as the total capacity of the vehicle resource. A vehicle resource with flexible compartments means that the total capacity of all assigned compartments is greater than the total capacity of the vehicle resource. For more information, see Examples of Compartments [Seite 32].

The system takes into account compartments in the optimizer [Seite 84] and in multilevel planning.

Integration You define compartment types in Customizing for Transportation Planning/Vehicle

Scheduling (TP/VS). You use the compartment type to define the capacity of the compartment, possible steps, and a compartment profile [Extern], for example. In the compartment profile, you specify the number and type of compartments that a means of transport is to have. You then assign this compartment profile to the means of transport. For more information, see the Implementation Guide (IMG) for TP/VS under

Trailers and Compartments Define Compartment Type. To be able to work with compartments, you must have set the Activate Comps

indicator in Customizing for TP/VS. For more information, see the IMG for TP/VS under . Trailers and Compartments Activate Trailers and Compartments

You have defined a number range for the handling unit Compartment Type. For more information, see the IMG for TP/VS under Basic Settings Define Number Range for HU Compartment Type.

You have assigned packaging materials to means of transport and compartment types. For more information, see the IMG for TP/VS under Interfaces Maintain Mapping Table for Vehicles/Compartment Type.

You can define compatibilities and incompatibilities [Seite 107] for compartments. Dynamic route determination [Seite 101] does not support compartments.



Examples of Compartments Fixed Compartments

Vehicle Capa 5 m3

1: CT XMax. Cap.: 5 m3

city: 1

Legend:CT = Compartm



ent Type In this example, the vehicle resource comprises three compartments with the compartment type X. Each compartment has a maximum capacity of 5 m3. The total capacity of the vehicle resource is 15 m3.

Flexible Compartments (Without Steps) Vehicle Capacity: 15 m3



Legend:CT = Compartment Type

In this example, the vehicle resource comprises two compartments with the compartment type X. Each compartment has a maximum capacity of 10 m3. The total capacity of the vehicle resource is 15 m3 3, in other words, you are not allowed to load more than 15 m onto the vehicle resource.

Flexible Compartments (with Steps) Vehicle Capacity: 15 m3


Step 1

Step Capacity Linear1 5 m3 No

Settings for Compartment Type X

Legend:CT= Compartment Type

Step 2 Step 3

2 10 m3 No2 10 m3 No3 15 m3 No



In this example, the vehicle resource comprises one compartment with the compartment type X. The compartment has a maximum capacity of 15 m3. The total capacity of the vehicle resource is 15 m3. The compartment has three steps (5 m3 3 3, 10 m , and 15 m ).

This means the following for the compartment:

Zero consumption is not possible for the compartment. That means if you do not load this compartment, it still consumes a capacity of 5 m3.

3 3 Each load that is greater than or equal to 0 m but less than or equal to 5 m results in a capacity consumption of 5 m3 3. That means if you load this compartment with 3 m , for example, it still consumes a capacity of 5 m3.

3 3 Each load that is greater than 5 m but less than or equal to 10 m results in a capacity consumption of 10 m3.


In a realistic scenario, you would define a second compartment, for example, a flexible compartment without steps.

Flexible Compartments (Zero Consumption Is Not Possible) Vehicle Capacity: 15 m3

1: CT X 2: CT YMax. Cap.: 10 m3 Max. Cap.: 10 m3

Step 1

Step Capacity Linear1 5 m3 No



In this example, the vehicle resource comprises two compartments. Compartment 1 has compartment type X, compartment 2 has compartment type Y. Each compartment has a maximum capacity of 10 m3 3. The total capacity of the vehicle resource is 15 m . Compartment 1 has a door and a step (5 m3). Compartment 2 does not have any steps.

This means the following for the two compartments:

Compartment 1:

Zero consumption is not possible for the compartment. That means if you do not load this compartment, it still consumes a capacity of 5 m3.

3 3 Each load that is greater than or equal to 0 m but less than or equal to 5 m results in a capacity consumption of 5 m3.

3 3 Each load x that is greater than 5 m but less than or equal to 10 m results in a capacity consumption of x m3.



Compartment 2: 3 3Each load x m results in a capacity consumption of x m (linear capacity consumption).

Flexible Compartments (Zero Consumption Is Possible) Example 1

Vehicle Capacity: 15 m3


Step 2

Step Capacity Linear1 0 m3 No2 5 m3 No



Step 1

In this example, the vehicle resource comprises two compartments. Compartment 1 has compartment type X and a maximum capacity of 10 m3. Compartment 2 has compartment type Y and a maximum capacity of 15 m3 3. The total capacity of the vehicle resource is 15 m . Compartment 1 has two steps (0 m3 3 and 5 m ). Compartment 2 does not have any steps.


Compartment 1:

Zero consumption is possible for the compartment. That means if you leave this compartment empty, it does not consume any capacity.

3 3 Each load that is greater than 0 m but less than or equal to 5 m results in a capacity consumption of 5 m3. This compartment might be a refrigerated part with a door, for example. As soon as you load one frozen pizza, you have to turn on the refrigerated part. The second compartment has to start behind the door.

3 3 Each load x that is greater than 5 m but less than or equal to 10 m results in a capacity consumption of x m3 (due to the maximum capacity).

Compartment 2: 3 3Each load x m results in a capacity consumption of x m (linear capacity consumption).



Example 2

Vehicle Capacity: 15 m3


Step 2 (X) Step 3 (X) Step 4 (X)

Step 1 (Y)Step 2 (Y)Step 4 (Y) Step 3 (Y)

Step Capacity Linear1 0 m3 No2 5 m3 No3 8 m3 Yes4 10 m3 No

Settings for Compartment Type X Settings for Compartment Type Y


Step 1 (X)

Step Capacity Linear1 5 m3 Yes2 7 m3 No3 10 m3 Yes4 15 m3 No

In this example, the vehicle resource comprises two compartments. Compartment 1 has compartment type X and a maximum capacity of 10 m3. Compartment 2 has compartment type Y and a maximum capacity of 15 m3 3. The total capacity of the vehicle resource is 15 m . Compartment 1 has four steps (0 m3 3 3 3, 5 m , 8 m , and 10 m ). Compartment 2 also has four steps (5 m3 3 3, 7 m , 10 m , and 15 m3). There are two doors.


Compartment 1:

Zero consumption is possible for the compartment. 3 3 Each load that is greater than 0 m but less than or equal to 5 m results in a capacity

consumption of 5 m3. 3 3 Each load x that is greater than 5 m but less than or equal to 8 m results in a capacity

consumption of x m3 (linear capacity consumption since you have set the Linear indicator for this step).


Compartment 2: 3 3 Each load x that is greater than 0 m but less than or equal to 5 m results in a capacity

consumption of x m3 (linear capacity consumption since you have set the Linear indicator for this step).


3 3 Each load x that is greater than 7 m but less than or equal to 10 m results in a capacity consumption of x m3 (linear capacity consumption since you have set the Linear indicator for this step).




Trailer Definition Vehicle resource that cannot move by itself.

Use You can couple trailers to vehicles. As a result, you create vehicle combinations. For more information, see Means-of-Transport Combination [Seite 37].

Integration You define trailers by defining a vehicle resource and then setting the Passive indicator

for the relevant means of transport in the means of transport definition. To do so, on the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Advanced Planning and Optimization Master Data Transportation Lane Maintain Means of Transport.

To be able to work with trailers, you must have set the Activate Trailer indicator in Customizing for Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS). For more information, see the Implementation Guide (IMG) for TP/VS under Trailers and Compartments . Activate Trailers and Compartments

In Customizing for TP/VS, you can define a coupling duration and an uncoupling duration for your trailers. For more information, see the IMG for TP/VS under Trailers and Compartments Define Coupling/Uncoupling Duration. The system creates a coupling activity and an uncoupling activity for each trailer that is assigned to a shipment.

The system generates the coupling activity after the loading activities that you use to load freight units onto the trailer, in other words, directly before the transportation activity for the assigned vehicle.

The system schedules the uncoupling activity if a trailer is no longer to be moved by the same vehicle in the next stage. If the system has assigned an empty trailer to a stage, it schedules the coupling activity directly before the transportation activity and the uncoupling activity directly after the transportation activity.

The compatibilities and incompatibilities [Seite 107] as well as the means-of-transport combinations that you have defined determine whether or not a trailer can be coupled to a vehicle. In multilevel planning, you can override these settings manually.

You cannot couple trailers to schedule vehicles.

The system takes into account trailers in the optimizer [Seite 84] and in multilevel planning.

You cannot define schedules for trailers. Dynamic route determination [Seite 101] does not support trailers.



Means-of-Transport Combination Definition Grouping of multiple means of transport.

Use You use means-of-transport combinations to model vehicle combinations. A vehicle combination is a grouping consisting of one vehicle and at least one trailer that move together. You can use one means-of-transport combination to map multiple vehicle combinations (see Example section).

Structure When you define a means-of-transport combination, you define the following:

Means of transport that the combination is to consist of, in other words, those means of transport that are permitted for the combination

A means-of-transport combination must consist of one active means of transport (vehicle) and at least one passive means of transport (trailer).

Number of individual means of transport within the combination Total capacity of the means-of-transport combination

The total capacity is the maximum loading capacity (without the tare weight of the vehicle and trailers).

Attributes You use attributes to define compatibilities and incompatibilities.

Integration You define means-of-transport combinations in Customizing for Transportation

Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS). For more information, see the Implementation Guide (IMG) for TP/VS under Trailers and Compartments Define Means-of-Transport Combination.

If the vehicle is not to have its own capacity, you must set the No Capacity indicator for the relevant means of transport. To do so, on the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Advanced Planning and Optimization Master Data Transportation Lane Maintain Means of Transport.

You can define compatibilities and incompatibilities [Seite 107] for means-of-transport combinations.

Example The following table shows which vehicle resources and means of transport you have defined and which assignments you have made:

Vehicle Resource Means of Transport

TRUCK1 (Vehicle) MTRTRUCK



TRUCK2 (Vehicle) MTRTRUCK

TRAILER1 (Trailer) MTRTRAILER

TRAILER2 (Trailer) MTRTRAILER

You can model the following vehicle combinations with a means-of-transport combination 1TRAIL consisting of both means of transport:

TRUCK1 + TRAILER1 TRUCK2 + TRAILER2 TRUCK1 + TRAILER2 TRUCK2 + TRAILER1



TP/VS-Relevant Transportation Lane Settings To be able to work with the Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS) component, you have to define transportation lanes. The following describes the settings relevant to TP/VS only. For general information about the definition of transportation lanes in SAP Advanced Planning and Optimization (SAP APO), see Transportation Lane [Extern].

Transportation lanes for TP/VS are specified by the following:

Means of transport Transportation service provider (TSP)

Means of Transport The following describes the most important parameters:

Means of transport costs and transportation costs You need means of transport costs and transportation costs for the optimization [Seite 84]. You only have to define them if you have specified in the cost profile [Seite 41] that the optimization is to take into account the costs defined for the transportation lane.

The units for the transportation costs in all the transportation lanes that are included in optimization must have the same dimension.

Transportation duration and transportation distance You can define the transportation duration and transportation distance manually or have the system calculate them automatically.

Calculated by the system: The system calculates the transportation duration and transportation distance on the basis of the geographical coordinates, the actual distance to aerial distance factor, and the average speed of the means of transport. The geographical coordinates are shipped with the system. You define the actual distance to aerial distance factor and the average speed when you create means of transport. To calculate the transportation duration and transportation distance, first call the Means of Transport detail screen, and then choose Generate Proposal. If you want to change the average speed or the actual distance to aerial distance factor, you can branch directly to the transaction for changing means of transport by choosing Parameters in the top right corner.

By connecting the Geographic Information System (GIS) to the Internet Graphic Server (IGS), you can calculate the exact transportation duration and transportation distance. For more information, see Duration Time and Distance Determination for Means of Transport [Extern].

Manually: Enter the transportation duration and transportation distance manually for the transportation lane and then set the indicators for fixed transportation duration and fixed transportation distance. In this case, the system only takes into account the values entered manually, in other words, the Generate Proposal button has no effect.

Control indicator Set the Detld Planning control indicator. TP/VS only takes into account the transportation lane if this indicator is set.



Transportation Service Provider To be able to use the automatic transportation service provider selection [Seite 111] (TSP selection), you have to assign the TSPs to means of transport.



Cost Profile Definition Profile that contains costs and constraints [Seite 94] for transportation planning.

Use When you select a cost profile in the optimization profile, the system takes into account the relevant costs and constraints during optimization [Seite 84]. If you do not define costs for a particular means of transport, the optimizer assumes that this means of transport is not relevant to this cost profile. The optimizer only considers vehicles for which you have defined costs for the corresponding means of transport.

When you select a cost profile in the route determination profile, the system takes into account the relevant costs during dynamic route determination [Seite 101]. The system simply performs a check for the constraints (wait time and maximum length of stay).

The costs that you define in the cost profile are not actual costs, but instead they represent a theoretical value.

Structure You can define the following costs and constraints in the cost profile:

Location-relevant costs You can define the following penalty costs for each location:

Earliness costs (per day) Lateness costs (per day) Costs for non-delivery per order

You can use windows for pickup and delivery [Seite 97] to define the time as of which earliness and lateness costs are incurred. You can use cost factors to weight earliness costs and lateness costs per means of transport (see below).

Transportation-relevant costs These are fixed transportation costs that are incurred once for each vehicle used in the optimization run or the route determination run. They are independent of the actual transportation (in other words, transportation service provider, distance, and so on).

Dimension-relevant costs These are variable transportation costs per unit for the following dimensions:

Time Distance Stop-offs Transported quantity per distance

These costs refer to the consumption of the dimensions of a vehicle (including empty runs) during the optimization run or route determination run.

Costs for the transportation lane



These are variable transportation costs per unit and means of transport.

The values that are displayed on this tab page, for example, start location and destination location as well as means of transport costs come from the transportation lane.

Load costs These are penalty costs that you define for each means of transport and load. You can use cost functions to model load costs.

Cost functions You can define piecewise linear cost functions for a combination of means of transport and load in a certain unit of measurement (load unit).

For more information, see the following example [Seite 43].

You can assign only one unit of measurement within a dimension to each cost function. This does not apply to units of measurement without a dimension.

Cost factors for earliness and lateness costs You can use these cost factors to weight the earliness and lateness costs that you have defined for each location on the basis of the means of transport. The optimizer or route determination multiplies these cost factors by the relevant earliness costs or lateness costs for each means of transport. The following cost factors are available:

Cost factor for early pickup Cost factor for late pickup Cost factor for early delivery Cost factor for late delivery

Wait time You can define a wait time [Extern] for each location and means of transport.

Maximum length of stay maximum length of stay [Extern]You can define a for each location and means of

transport. You can use the maximum length of stay to minimize idle times at start and destination locations. The optimizer takes into account this duration when planning loading and unloading activities.

Capacity decrease You can define the capacity decrease [Seite 44] for each means of transport, dimension, and number of stop-offs.

To define cost profiles, on the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Advanced Planning and Optimization Master Data Application-Specific Master Data Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling Maintain Vehicle Scheduling Costs.



Example of a Cost Function TRUCK001 with means of transport TRUCK has a maximum loading capacity of 2500 cubic meters. Your company has the following business requirement: each truck is to the leave the plant as full as possible. If this is not possible, the load must be at least 2000 cubic meters (minimum load). The following figure shows how you can use a cost function to map this business requirement:

PenaltyCosts

Penalty Costs(MinimumLoad)

Load Costs

Load(Cubic Meters)Minimum

Load(2000)

MaximumLoadingCapacity (2500)

500

1500

1000

You define two segments in the cost profile for this cost function:

For the first segment, you define penalty costs of 1500 and a load of 0 cubic meters. This means that if TRUCK001 leaves the plant with a load of less than 2000 cubic meters, the optimizer calculates penalty costs of 1500.

For the second segment, you define penalty costs of 500 and a load of 2000 cubic meters. You also define a slope of 1.000-. This means that if TRUCK001 leaves the plant with a load of between 2000 and 2500 cubic meters, the optimizer calculates penalty costs between 500 and 0 in accordance with the slope (decreasing in intervals of one unit for each additional cubic meter loaded on the truck).



Capacity Decrease Use When you transport goods for multiple customers on a vehicle resource (vehicle or trailer), in other words, when the transportation covers multiple stop-offs on the way from the start location to the destination location, you can use partitions to separate the goods. However, this results in a reduction of the total capacity of the vehicle resource since each partition consumes capacity itself. You can use this function to define how the capacity is to decrease.

This function refers only to the capacity of the vehicle resource. It is independent of compartments [Seite 31] that you have defined for the vehicle resource.

You cannot define decreasing capacities for schedule vehicles. Dynamic route determination does not support decreasing capacities.

Features Fixed value You can define a fixed value or a percentage by which the capacity is to decrease for each additional stop-off.

The system continues to reduce the capacity for the optimizer until one of the following conditions is met:

The total capacity is consumed, in other words, it is zero. The maximum number of stop-offs defined for the means of transport has been

reached (Dimension tab page in the cost profile).

The maximum number of stop-offs defined for the cost profile has been reached (Capacity Decrease tab page in the cost profile).

Individual values You can define a value by which the capacity is to decrease for a specific number of stop-offs.

If you do not define a value for a certain number of stop-offs, the capacity remains the same.

Note that in both cases the capacity decrease refers to the capacity that the vehicle resource has before the transportation, in other words, the capacity with which you can load the vehicle resource at the start location.

Activities Define the capacity decrease in the cost profile on the Capacity Decrease tab page.



Definition of Schedules Purpose Using schedules you can define fixed, periodically recurring departure times. Schedules are used in planning and are taken into account by the optimizer.

You define schedules in the master data for the Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS) component.

Prerequisites You have maintained one or more means of transport [Extern] in Customizing. You have maintained locations [Extern] in the location master data. The locations are connected by transportation lanes [Extern].

Process Flow ...

1. You define an itinerary [Seite 47]. First choose the means of transport that will be used to transport the product and then define the locations and the sequence in which they should be visited.

2. You define the validity period [Seite 48], (the period for which the schedule is valid). You restrict the period to particular valid days by then assigning it to a calendar.

3. You define the actual schedule connection [Seite 49]. First you assign the previously defined data (itinerary, validity) to the schedule and then assign a vehicle to it. You then define the exact data of the schedule connection, that is, a departure day and a departure time or a periodical departure time. The departure times relate to the start location of the selected itinerary.

Note the following when using schedules in the optimizer:

The system generally estimates loading/unloading times of 0 for schedule vehicles.

The travel times maintained in the schedule and in the transportation lanes are always valid for the resource assigned to the schedule.

Example

Schedule A->B->C: Departure from location A at 10:00 a.m.

Duration A->B: 3 hours

Duration B->C: 2 hours

Arrival at B at 13:00, arrival at C at 15:00

The time zone of the start location is valid throughout. Breaks maintained additionally for the resource are ignored by the system and can lead to errors. Therefore do not maintain breaks for schedule vehicles.

This also applies to calendars containing non-workdays. Therefore, only define calendars with seven workdays a week for schedule vehicles [Extern].

Opening times maintained for schedule-relevant locations which do not correspond to the arrival/departure times can lead to a situation in which



the schedule vehicles cannot be used. Therefore, do not maintain opening times for schedule-relevant locations.

We recommend using forward scheduling in multilevel planning when using schedules.



Maintaining Itineraries Use In the itinerary, you define the means of transport, the locations to be visited, and the sequence in which they should be visited. In this maintenance view, you can display detailed information on the selected means of transport and locations.

Prerequisites You have maintained one or more means of transport [Extern] in Customizing. You have maintained locations [Extern] in the location master data. The locations are connected by transportation lanes [Extern].

Procedure ...

1. On the SAP Easy Access screen, choose Advanced Planning and Optimization Master Data Application-Specific Master Data Master Data for Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling Schedules Maintain Itinerary. The Itinerary: Initial Screen appears.

2. Using the input help (F4), select an itinerary and choose Display or Change, or enter a description of your choice in the Itinerary field and choose Create. The Change Itinerary or Display Itinerary screen appears. The description you select appears as the itinerary.

3. Choose a means of transport using the input hel