Science, Technology and Innovation Policies in Japan: Lessons and Best Practices

Masuo AizawaCounselor to the President, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Former Executive Member, Council for S&T Policy, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan

Casa Asia, Madrid and Valencia, Spain, Dec. 3,4, 2013

1. Japan as Attracting the World

2. What Japan Prioritizes in S&T and Innovation Policy

3. Pursuit Global Excellence in Basic Research

4. Drive Comprehensive S&T and Innovation Strategy

Contents

Fujisan, UNESCO World Heritage 2013

Beauty of Nature

Japan Industrial Technology Grand Prize 2013

TOKYO SKYTREE

Function & Beauty of Technology

Global Excellence

ScienceTechnology

JapaneseCulture

Japan as Attracting the World

USA: GII=10, GDP=1

Germany: GII=15, GDP=4

UK: GII=5, GDP=7

Japan: GII=25, GDP=3

Franc: GII=24, GDP=5

Switzerland: GII=1, DP=19

Singapore: GII=3, GDP=40

Canada: GII=12, GDP=11

Netherland: GII=6, GDP=17Denmark: GII=7, GDP=30

Sweden: GII=2, GDP=21

Finland: GII=4, GDP=36

Israel: GII=17, GDP=39

Korea: GII=21, GDP=15

Ireland: GII=9, GDP=45

India: GII=62, GDP=10

Italy: GII=36, GDP=8

Norway: GII=14, GDP=24

China: GII=34, GDP=2

Brazil: GII=47, GDP=6

Russia: GII=56, GDP=9

Transformation in Growth and InnovationGII(Global Innovation Index), GDP(Growth Domestic Product), (Data: INSEAD,

2012)

Japan’s Initiatives in Global Innovation

Innovation New PowerRising Asia as Growth Center

HistoricalShift to the East

Pursuit Global Excellence in Basic Researchthrough International Knowledge Network

USA: 26.3%, #1 Canada:4.4%, #6

Japan: 6.6%, # 7

China:12.0%, # 3

UK: 7.4%, # 2

Germany: 7.5%, # 4

France: 5.5%, # 5Italy: 4.5%, # 8

World Share of Articles

(%)

World Rank in Articles

in Top 1% (#)

Transformation in S&TGlobally Competitive and Collaborative

Data from NISTEP (2013)

Korea: 3.0%, # 13

Rising Asia in S&T

Quantity

Scale & Volume

Quality

Excellence

GlobalHarmonization

Pursuing Global Excellence

Catching up the Frontier

“Japan as Number One”

Shaping the Future

Japan as Attracting the World

1. Japan as Attracting the World

2. What Japan Prioritizes in S&T and Innovation Policy

3. Pursuit Global Excellence in Basic Research

4. Drive Comprehensive S&T and Innovation Strategy

Contents

S&T Policy MakingCouncil for S&T Policy (CSTP)

Cabinet Office

S&T Policy Making in Ministry(MEXT, METI, ・・・ )

Funding Agency(JSPS, JST, NEDO, ・・・ )

UniversitiesResearch Institutions

Society

Japan’s System for S&T

S&TBasic Research

Human Resources

The 4th S&T Basic Plan (2011-2015)

InnovationComprehensive STI Strategy

Shaping the FutureSustainabl

eProsperous

Nurture Individuals with Creativity and Global Perspective

Attract the World by Global Excellence

Japan’s Investment in S&TInvestment Target in the 4th S&T Basic Plan

1) Public: 1% GDP (25 Trillion Yen for 5 years)

2) Public + Private: 4% GDP

FY2012 S&T Budget

Public in total: 51,268 Billion Yen(Supplemental Budget:994.9 Billion Yen and

Local Government Budget: 440.4 Billion Yen)

Disruptive Innovation

Quantum-Leap

Knowledge

Incremental innovation

Value Creation

KnowledgeCreation

“I have a great respect for incremental improvement, and I have done that of thing in my life, but I’ve been always attracted to the more revolutionary changes.“ Steve Jobs

Quantum-Leap and Disruptive !

JSPS :Basic Research(Science Grant-in-Aide)

JST : Strategic Basic Research ( ERATO,CREST,

PREST)

JSPS: WPI

Large-scale Research Infrastructure

Innovation

Ministry Programsfor STI(MEXT, METI, MHLW,

MLIT, MOE, MIC, MOFA)

Funding Agency Programs (JSPS,

JST, NEDO, NIBIO)

New Programs: COI, ACCEL

　 CSTP: FIRST

Global Excellence

Government Funding for STI

1. Japan as Attracting the World

2. What Japan Prioritizes in S&T and Innovation Policy

3. Pursuit Global Excellence in Basic Research

4. Drive Comprehensive S&T and Innovation Strategy

Contents

1950196019701980199020002010202005

101520

Nobel Laureates in Natural Science

Year

Why Global Excellence?

Prof. Yamanaka

S&T Basic Plan

Increasing Nobel Laureates from Japan Increasingly Globally Recognized Awardees Increasingly Most-cited Articles

But, Declining Presence of Japan in Science Indicators

Pursuing Global Excellence (I) FIRST (Funding Program for World-leading Innovative R&D on S&T) CSTP, MEXT/JSPS

Successful in Creating Global Excellence

Disruptive Innovation with Vast Expectation

World-leading 30 Core-Researchers Granted by Yen 100 Billion

for 5 years (2009-2013)From Basic to Applied Research in Diversified Areas

Selected from 565 ApplicantsSystem Reform of Funding and Infrastructure

iPS cell (2006, 2007)

ES cell (1981)

Disruptive Innovation Expected inRegenerative Medicine & Drug

Discovery

Prof. Shinya Yamanaka (Kyoto University)2012 Awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology & Medicine

Shared with Prof. John GurdonThey discovered that a mature, adult cell, can be

turned back to an infant, versatile state called stem cell.

Quantum-leap Knowledge Creation

GlobalExcellenc

e

30 Core Researchers of FIRST (1)

Exploration of New Superconductors and Related Functional Materials and Application of Superconducting Wires for Industry

30 Core Researchers of FIRST (2)

Quantum-Leap Knowledge Creation

1) ERATO/JST: Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)-Thin Film Transistor (TFT) 2) JST: Iron-based high temperature super conductors (2008)

3) FIRST: New Superconducting materials New ammonium catalyst

Prof. Hideo HosonoTokyo Institute of Technology

The Most-Cited Paper of 2008

Pursuing Global Excellence (II) WPI (World Premier International

Research Center Initiative) MEXT/JSPS

Open Research PlatformAttract the World Brains

Create New Science by FusionUniversity Systems Reform

Successful in Creating World-Class Research Center

Global Excellence

9 WPI’s as World-Class Research Center

Osaka UniversityIFReC: Immunology Frontier Research Center-Elucidating the dynamic immune system using Bioimaging technology

Shizuo Akira

The most cited immunologist in the world over five consecutive years

The University of TokyoIPMU: Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe-Elucidating the origin and evolution of the universe through collaboration among math, physics and astronomy　　　　　　　

Hitoshi Murayama

Kyushu UniversityI2CNER: International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research -Creating science-driven technologies for producing, storing and using hydrogen and for capturing and sequestering CO2

Petros Sofronis

National Institute for Materials ScienceMANA: International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics-Developing materials to advance sustainable development based on nanoarchitectonics

Masakazu Aono

Tohoku UniversityAIMR: Advanced Institute for Materials Research-Discovering innovative substances and creating related devices/systems using atomic/molecular control methods

Motoko Kotani

Kyoto UniversityiCeMS: Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences-Integrating cell and material sciences to create new cross-disciplinary-fields, thereby advancing stem cell technologies and mesoscopic sciences

Norio Nakatsuji

Univ. of Tsukuba, IIIS (International Inst. Integrated Study), M.YanagisawaTokyo Institute of Technology, ELSI (Earth Life Science Inst.), T. HiroseNagoya University, ITbM (Inst. Transformative Bio-molecules), K. Itami

New WPI’s

1. Japan as Attracting the World

2. What Japan Prioritizes in S&T and Innovation Policy

3. Pursuit Global Excellence in Basic Research

4. Drive Comprehensive S&T and Innovation Strategy

Contents

Evolving Innovation

Becoming Globalized in Innovation-driven Growth

-Innovation New Powers Becoming More Open and Global in the Innovation Process than Ever

-Globally Networked Age Becoming Crucial for Solving Social Challenges

-Issue-driven Innovation

Comprehensive STI Strategy

SolutionValue Creation

Diversity of ApproachesAcross Disciplines and Sectors

Issue-driven STI

Prioritized Policy IssuesI. Recovery and Revitalization from the Earthquake

II. Green Innovation Addressing Energy & Environment Issues

III. Life Innovation Addressing Ageing & Health Issues

Industry AcademiaGovernment

Prioritized Policy IssuesAddressed by Cross-Ministry Initiatives

1. Secure Clean Low-cost Energy Supply 2. Decentralize the Energy System 3. Innovative Energy Use 4. Greener Infrastructure

Green InnovationSocial Issues of Energy & Environment

- Secure Clean Low-cost Energy Supply- Energy Shift from Nuclear Power- Address Climate Change and Natural Disasters- Reduce Global GHG Emission by 50% by 2050

1) Innovative Technology Development on Solar Power Generation Systems

-Drastically improve efficiency and cost- effectiveness of existing systems (e.g., Si, CIS systems) Cost reduction target: \14/kWh by 2020 -Develop next-generation solar power generation (e.g., organic systems, quantum dot, nanowire systems) 2) Technology Development on Other Renewable

Energy Systems -Wind (Off-Shore) -Geothermal -Bioenergy 3) Incentives for Renewable Energy Dissemination

(e.g., Feed-in-Tariff (FIT))

1. Secure Clean Low-cost Energy Supply-Extensive Employment of Renewable Energy-

2. Decentralize the Energy System-Innovative Conversion/Storage/Transport-

1) Innovative Energy Storage -High performance Li ion batteries -Next-generation battery technologies 2) Innovative Energy Conversion and Transport -Fuel Cells -Co-generation -Energy Carrier 3) Smart Energy Management -HEMS, BEMS, CEMS -Smart City

-Safe and economic conversion, storage and transportation of energy in the forms of electrical energy, thermal energy, and chemical energy. -Dealing with the temporal variations and spatial gaps rising from the utilization of fluctuating and widespread sources.

Cross-Ministry (MEXT/METI) Initiatives on Energy Carrier Utilization Technologies

1. Development of Innovative Energy Carriers -Technology development of hydrogen production using renewable energy -Basic technology development of new energy carriers including Ammonia2. Establishment of Hydrogen Infrastructure -Technology development of hydrogen stations -Establishment of hydrogen stations 3. Development of Safety Evaluation Technologies Pertaining to Hydrogen Stations

Establishment of Hydrogen Energy Society

Life Innovation

Prioritized Policy Issues Addressed by Cross-Ministry Initiatives

1. Innovative Prevention Medicine 2. Regenerative Medicine 3. Innovative Medical Technology 4. Improved QOL in Ageing Society

Social Issues of Ageing and Health - Healthy Ageing - Health Care for Preventing Diseases - International Competitiveness of Medicine - Reduction of Medical Expenditures

Cross-Ministry Initiative for Regenerative Medicine

Regenerative Medicine Networking Program(MEXT)Basic

Research

ClinicalResearch

Regenerative Medicine Initiative (MHLW)

Regulatory Science Program (MHLW)

2013 2014 2015

ClinicalApplication

Stem Cell Initiative (METI)

Regenerative Medicine Highway(Cross-

Ministry Program of

MEXT, MHLW, METI)

Large Scale Infrastructure (MEXT/Riken)

Comprehensive STI StrategySACLA (Spring-8 Angstrom

Compact Free Electron Laser)Dream Beam Comes True!

X-ray Free Electron Laser with the world’s shortest wave length , 0.063 nm, allowing us to observe the instantaneous movement of atoms

and molecules.

Supercomputer “KEI, 京”

The K computer is produced by Fujitsu, currently installed at the RIKEN Advanced Institute for

Computational Science in Kobe.Speed is 10 petaflops of computation.

International Hub to Attract Researchers

S&T Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS), JST/JICA

MOFA/JICA MEXT/JST

Univ/Res Inst inDeveloping Countries

Univ/Res Inst in

Japan

Collaboration

Research Partnership

ODA

S&T Diplomacy for Green Innovation

Japan’s Initiatives in Global Innovation (I)

Decades of AccomplishmentUnder Univ/Ind/Gov Partnership

Perpendicular Magnetic Recording

S. Iwasaki (1975) Blue LED I. Akazaki (1985) Nd(Dy) Magnet M. Sagawa (1984) Lithium Ion Battery A. Yoshino (1985) 　 Carbon Fiber

Japan’s Initiative in Global Innovation (II)

Upcoming 1

ERATO/JST: Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)-Thin Film Transistor (TFT) 2003, Crystalline, 2004, Amorphous

IGZO-TFT has 20-5- times higher mobility than that of amorphous Si, which has been used for current LCD’s.

IGZO-TFT and applications are patented by JST, and have been licensed to Samsung Electronics in 2011, Sharp in 2012, etc.

Prof. Hideo HosonoTokyo Institute of Technology

IGZOQuantum-leap Knowledge Creation

Disruptive Innovation!

Japan’s Initiative in Global Innovation (II)

Upcoming 2

Robot Suit “HAL”

Prof. Y. SankaiTsukuba University

FIRST: CSTP, One of 30 Core Researchers

HAL has been designed to support and expand the physical capabilities of its users, particularly people with physical disabilities.

Clinical Test of HAL for Medical Treatment starts internationally in Japan, Europe, and U.S.A.Received a global safety certificate in 2013An European Conformity certificate in 2013

Prof Teruo OkanoTokyo Women’s Medical University

Maintain structure and Functions

Temp. Responsive PolmerPoly(N-

isopropylacrylamide)(PIPAAm)

T Changes（ 37→20℃ ）

Hydrophilic Surfaces

Cell Sheet

Japan’s Initiative on Global Innovation (II)

Upcoming 3

Clinical Trials for Cell Sheet Transplantation: Cornea, Heart, etc

Cell SheetCREST (JST)NEDO ProjectFIRST (CSTP)

iPS Cell

Cross-Ministry Initiative onRegenerative Medicine & Drug Discovery

Toward Disruptive Innovation with Vast Expectation

Quantum-leap Knowledge Creation

Japan’s Initiative in Global Innovation (II)

Upcoming 4

CREST (JST/MEXT): 2003-2008NEDO (METI), NIBIO (MHLW)FIRST (CSTP): 2009-2013

Team Japan

Clinical Research Approved in 2013: Dr. M. Takahashi, Riken

38

Prioritizing Japan’s STI Policy on 1) Reinforcement of Basic Research for Pursuing Global Excellence, 2) Issue-driven S&T and Innovation for realizing Sustainable Growth, and 3) Human Resources Development for Nurturing Individuals with Creativity and Global Perspective Accelerating Revitalization of

Japan:

Summary

Comprehensive STI StrategyCabinet Decision, Government of Japan

June 7, 2013