science starter 1.18&21.13 don’t forget to explain all answer choices!!
TRANSCRIPT
Science Starter1.18&21.13
Don’t forget to explain ALL answer choices!!
Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis
*Life Science
*Plant Cell*Plants are autotrophs - they make their own food.
*They use a process of photosynthesis to convert energy from the sun in the form of EMR into glucose.
*Glucose stores the chemical energy until needed by the plant.
*Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts found in plant cells.
*Chloroplasts*2 main parts surrounded by membranes
*Grana - stacks of Thylakoids “coins”
*Stroma - aqueous space between the grana
*Photosynthesis
*Converts sunlight energy into food for the plant.
*Takes place in the chloroplasts
*Has a light (grana) and dark (stroma) reaction
*Formula for photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
*Photosynthesis: Overall Reaction
*6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
*In other words:
*The reactants carbon dioxide & water in the presence of sunlight & chlorophyll yield to form the products glucose & oxygen.
*Light Reaction: Takes Place in the Grana
*Requires sunlight
*Photons from sun and water from plant come into grana
*Chlorophyll kicks off an electron from the splitting of H2O into hydrogen and oxygen
*ADP (low energy) is converted into ATP (high energy)
*NADP+ (low energy) is converted into NADPH (high energy)
*C6H12O6 = glucose (sugar that is long term, high energy)
*ATP = adenosine triphosphate (sugar that is short term high energy)
*ADP = adenosine diphosphate (sugar that is short term low energy
*NADP+ = Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (enzyme that helps break down water and is low energy)
*NADPH = Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (enzyme that is now carrying the hydrogen from the broken down water and is high energy)
* Dark Reaction: Takes Place in the Stroma
*Takes place day or night...no sunlight required
*ATP (high energy) and NADPH (high energy) along with carbon dioxide goes through the Calvin Cycle and converts them into glucose
*ATP and NADPH are short term high energy molecules while ADP and NADP+ are short term low energy molecules
*Glucose is a long term high energy molecule
In summary:
Light reactions: photons, water, ADP, NADP+ in…
oxygen, ATP, and NADPH out
Dark reactions:Carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH in…
Glucose, ADP, and NADP out
*Cellular Respiration
*Formula: C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
*Both plants and animal cells utilize glucose & release the stored energy
*Energy released by cells is done mainly in the mitochondria
*Aerobic Cellular Respiration
*2 part process
*In the cytoplasm, a glucose molecule is broken into 2 pyruvate molecules (an acid that helps break down sugar)
*In the mitochondria, the Krebs Cycle converts the pyruvate molecules into 36 ATP molecules
*Anaerobic Respiration
*2 types:
*Alcohol – yeast converts sugars into alcohol & releases energy
*Lactic Acid - muscles without enough oxygen convert sugars to lactic acid to release needed energy for contractions (movement)