schoolwide pbis whatwhy how
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
School-wide Positive Behavior Support:What, Why, How
Rob HornerUniversity of Oregon www.pbis.org
Goals
What: Define the core features of SWPBS
Why: Define if SWPBS is appropriate for your school
How: Define the process for implementing SWPBS
Main MessagesSupporting social behavior is central to achieving academic gains.
Invest in building a positive school-wide social culture
School-wide PBS is an evidence-based practice for building a positive social culture that will promote both social and academic success.
Implementation of any evidence-based practice requires a more coordinated focus than typically expected.
Six Basic Recommendations for Implementing PBIS
Never stop doing what already works
Always look for the smallest change that will produce the largest effect
Avoid defining a large number of goals Do a small number of things well
Do not add something new without also defining what you will stop doing to make the addition possible.
Six Basic Recommendations for Implementing PBIS
Collect and use data for decision-making
Adapt any initiative to make it “fit” your school community, culture, context.
FamiliesStudentsFacultyFiscal-political structure
Establish policy clarity before investing in implementation
WHAT IS SWPBS
LogicCore Features
Logic for School-wide PBSSchools face a set of difficult challenges today
Multiple expectations (Academic accomplishment, Social competence, Safety)
Students arrive at school with widely differing understandings of what is socially acceptable.
Traditional “get tough” and “zero tolerance” approaches are insufficient.
Faculty come with divergent visions of effective disciplineIndividual student interventions
Effective, but can’t meet needSchool-wide discipline systems
Establish a social culture within which both social and academic success is more likely
Context•Problem behavior continues to be the
primary reason why individuals in our society are excluded from school, home, recreation, community, and work.
Problem BehaviorsInsubordination, noncompliance, defiance, late to class, nonattendance, truancy, fighting, aggression, inappropriate language, social withdrawal, excessive crying, stealing, vandalism, property destruction, tobacco, drugs, alcohol, unresponsive, not following directions, inappropriate use of school materials, weapons, harassment 1, harassment 2, harassment 3, unprepared to learn, parking lot violation, irresponsible, trespassing, disrespectful, disrupting teaching, uncooperative, violent behavior, disruptive, verbal abuse, physical abuse, dress code, other, etc., etc., etc.
•Vary in intensity
•Exist in every school, home and community context
•Place individuals at risk physically, emotionally, academically and socially
School-wide PBS• Build a continuum of
supports that begins with the whole school and extends to intensive, wraparound support for individual students and their families.
What is School-wide Positive Behavior Support?
•School-wide PBS is:▫A systems approach for establishing the social culture
and behavioral supports needed for a school to be an effective learning environment for all students.
•Evidence-based features of SW-PBS▫Prevention▫Define and teach positive social expectations▫Acknowledge positive behavior▫Arrange consistent consequences for problem behavior▫On-going collection and use of data for decision-making▫Continuum of intensive, individual intervention
supports. ▫Implementation of the systems that support effective
practices
Establishing a Social Culture
Common Vision/Values
Common Language
Common Experience
MEMBERSHIP
Assess the social culture in your school
Low High
Predictable 1 2 3 4 5
Consistent 1 2 3 4 5
Positive 1 2 3 4 5
Safe 1 2 3 4 5
Primary Prevention:School-/Classroom-Wide Systems for
All Students,Staff, & Settings
Secondary Prevention:Specialized Group
Systems for Students with At-Risk Behavior
Tertiary Prevention:Specialized
IndividualizedSystems for Students
with High-Risk Behavior
~80% of Students
~15%
~5%
SCHOOL-WIDE POSITIVE BEHAVIOR
SUPPORT
27
SYSTEMS
PRACTICESDATA
SupportingStaff Behavior
SupportingStudent Behavior
OUTCOMES
Supporting Social Competence, Academic Achievement and Safety
SupportingDecisionMaking
School-wide PBS
School-wide PBS•Braiding proven practices with practical
systems: Policies, Team meetings, Data Systems
PredictableConsistentPositiveSafe
Create Effective Learning Environments
Define School-wide Expectationsfor Social Behavior
Identify 3-5 ExpectationsShort statementsPositive Statements (what to do, not what to avoid doing)MemorableExamples:
Be Respectful, Be Responsible, Be Safe, Be Kind, Be a Friend, Be-there-be-ready, Hands and feet to self, Respect self, others, property, Do your best, Follow directions of adults
Teach Behavioral Expectations
Transform broad school-wide Expectations into specific, observable behaviors.
Use the Expectations by Settings Matrix
Teach in the actual settings where behaviors are to occurTeach (a) the words, and (b) the actions.Build a social culture that is predictable, and focused on student success.
On-going Reward of Appropriate Behavior
Every faculty and staff member acknowledges appropriate behavior. 5 to 1 ratio of positive to negative contacts
System that makes acknowledgement easy and simple for students and staff.
Different strategies for acknowledging appropriate behavior (small frequent rewards more effective) Beginning of class recognition Raffles Open gym Social acknowledgement
Cougar Traits in the Community Student Name __________________________________
Displayed the Cougar Trait of: RespectResponsibilityCaringCitizenship(Circle the trait you observed)
Signature _____________________________________________If you would like to write on the back the details of what you observed feel free! Thank you for supporting our youth.
Brag Box I would like to share that Mr./ Mrs. Miss _________ , _ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
To build staff moral we began recognizing the positive things we were seeing among the adults in our building.
Are Rewards Dangerous?“…our research team has conducted a series of reviews and analysis of (the
reward) literature; our conclusion is that there is no inherent negative property of reward. Our analyses indicate that the argument against the use of rewards is an overgeneralization based on a narrow set of circumstances.”◦ Judy Cameron, 2002◦ Cameron, 2002◦ Cameron & Pierce, 1994, 2002◦ Cameron, Banko & Pierce, 2001
“The undermining effect of extrinsic reward on intrinsic motivation remains unproven”
Steven Reiss, 2005
Akin-Little, K. A., Eckert, T. L., Lovett, B. J., & Little, S. G. (2004). Extrinsic reinforcement in the classroom: Bribery or best practices. School Psychology Review, 33, 344-362
Use of rewards in
Education
“What the Worlds Greatest Managers Do Differently”-- Buckingham & Coffman 2002, Gallup
Interviews with 1 million workers, 80,000 managers, in 400 companies.
Create working environments where employees: 1. Know what is expected 2. Have the materials and equipment to do the job correctly 3. Receive recognition each week for good work. 4. Have a supervisor who cares, and pays attention 5. Receive encouragement to contribute and improve 6. Can identify a person at work who is a “best friend.” 7. Feel the mission of the organization makes them feel like their
jobs are important 8. See the people around them committed to doing a good job 9. Feel like they are learning new things (getting better) 10. Have the opportunity to do their job well.
“What the Worlds Greatest Administrators Do Differently”-- Buckingham & Coffman 2002, Gallup
Interviews with 1 million workers, 80,000 managers, in 400 companies.
Create working environments where Faculty: 1. Know what is expected 2. Have the materials and equipment to do the job correctly 3. Receive recognition each week for good work. 4. Have a supervisor who cares, and pays attention 5. Receive encouragement to contribute and improve 6. Can identify a person at work who is a “best friend.” 7. Feel the mission of the organization makes them feel like their
jobs are important 8. See the people around them committed to doing a good job 9. Feel like they are learning new things (getting better) 10. Have the opportunity to do their job well.
“What the Worlds Greatest Teachers Do Differently”-- Buckingham & Coffman 2002, Gallup
Interviews with 1 million workers, 80,000 managers, in 400 companies.
Create working environments where students: 1. Know what is expected 2. Have the materials and equipment to do the job correctly 3. Receive recognition each week for good work. 4. Have a supervisor who cares, and pays attention 5. Receive encouragement to contribute and improve 6. Can identify a person at work who is a “best friend.” 7. Feel the mission of the organization makes them feel like their
jobs are important 8. See the people around them committed to doing a good job 9. Feel like they are learning new things (getting better) 10. Have the opportunity to do their job well.
WHY CONSIDER SWPBSSWPBS possible?SWPBS is needed in our school?SWPBS benefits our students, staff, families?
Reduction in problem behaviorIncreased attendance and academic engagementImprove academic performance Reduction in referrals to special educationImprove family involvement in schoolImproved perception of school as a “safe environment”Improved perception of teacher efficacy
States Implementing SWPBS10,000+ schools in 48 states
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 570
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
States
Num
ber o
f Sch
ools
California
Illinois
Current ResearchSchool-wide PBS is “evidence-based”
Reduction in problem behaviorIncreases in academic outcomes
Horner et al., 2009Bradshaw et al., 2006; in press
Behavioral and Academic gains are linkedAmanda Sanford, 2006Jorge Preciado, 2006Kent McIntosh
School-wide PBS has benefits for teachers and staff as well as students.Scott Ross, 2006
Sustaining School-wide PBS effortsJennifer Doolittle, 2006
North CarolinaPositive Behavior Support Initiative
February 2009
Heather R. ReynoldsNC Department of Public InstructionBob AlgozzineBehavior and Reading Improvement Center
http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/positivebehavior/
State PBS CoordinatorHeather R Reynolds
North CarolinaPositive Behavior Support Initiative
Dr. Bob Algozzine
North CarolinaPositive Behavior Support Initiative
Levels of behavior risk in schools implementing PBS were comparable to widely-accepted expectations and better than those in comparison schools not systematically implementing PBS.
2004-05 (N=21) 2005-06 (N=35) 2006-07 (N=66) 2007-08 (N=110) Comparison (N=5)0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Office Discipline Referral Risk in North Carolina
Non-PBS Comparison
Dr. Bob Algozzine
North CarolinaPositive Behavior Support Initiative
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.0050
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
ReadingLinear (Reading)
ODRs
EOG
Read
ing
rxy = -.44(n = 36)
Dr. Bob Algozzine
Schools with Low ODRs and High
Academic Outcomes
Office Discipline Referrals per 100 Students
Prop
ortio
n of
Stu
dent
s Mee
ting
Stat
e Ac
adem
ic S
tand
ard
Steve [email protected]/miblsi
Participating Schools
2004 Schools (21)2005 Schools (31)
2006 Schools (50)
2000 Model Demonstration Schools (5)
2007 Schools (165)2008 Schools (95)2009 Schools (150*)
Total of 512 schools in collaboration with 45 of 57 ISDs (79%)
The strategies and organization for initial implementation need to
change to meet the needs of larger scale implementation.
Average Major Discipline Referral per 100 Students by Cohort
Cohort 1 (n=15) Cohort 2 (n=19) Cohort 3 (n=34) Cohort 40
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008
Cohort 1 Cohort 2 Cohort 3 Cohort 40%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Percent of Students meeting DIBELS Spring Benchmarkfor Cohorts 1 - 4 (Combined Grades)
5,943 studentsassessed
8,330 studentsassessed
16,078 studentsassessed
32,257 studentsassessed
Spring ’09: 62,608 students assessed in cohorts 1 - 4
Percent of Students at DIBELS Intensive Level across year by Cohort
Cohort 1 Cohort 2 Cohort 3 Cohort 40%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
Per
cent
of S
tude
nts
at D
IBE
LS In
tens
ive
Inte
rven
-tio
n Le
vel
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005Year
Perc
ent o
f stu
dent
s
School District
Participating School Example: Fourth Grade Reading MEAP Results
Began MiBLSi Implementation
I write to you today as a former Jackson Elementary school student who wishes to convey her fondest of gratitude toward a fantastic school. As I grow older and move from state to state, I never forget my roots and where my future began…. Though I had only attended Jackson for roughly four years during kindergarten, first, second, and third grade, I realize now that those years were just as important as any other and I am proud to say that I was once a Jaguar. Without further ado, I would like to state that nine years later I still remember your kindness, your positivity, and most of all the three R's: Respect yourself, Respect others, and Respect property.Those three lessons have stuck with me throughout the years, from age eight to seventeen, and have bettered me as a human being. In essence, I simply dropped by to express my thanks, and to reassure the staff of Jackson Elementary that their hard work does not go to waste, and that even the simplest of actions or words can spur on a revolution.Thank you very much for giving me the opportunity to live my life to its fullest.Sincerely,
High School
Student writing to her grade school
principal
HOW IS SWPBS Implemented?
Nine Implementation StepsBuild commitmentEstablish implementation teamSelf-Assess for local adaptation of SWPBSDefine and teach expectationsEstablish system for recognizing positive behaviorEstablish consequences for problem behaviorEstablish classroom management structureCollect and use data for decision-makingEstablish function-based support for students with more severe support needs.
Leadership TeamActive Coordination
FundingVisibility Political
Support
Training Coaching Evaluation
Local School/District Teams/Demonstrations
BehavioralExpertise
Policy
Implementation Stages
ExplorationInstallationInitial ImplementationFull ImplementationInnovationSustainability
Implementation occurs in stages:
Fixsen, Naoom, Blase, Friedman, & Wallace, 2005
2 – 4 Years
Coaching
After initial training, a majority of participants (211 of 213) demonstrated knowledge of practices, but poor implementation.
Decision-makers should pair training prior to implementation with on-going rehearsal and performance feedback (coaching)
Test, et al 2008
© Dean Fixsen, Karen Blase, Robert Horner, George Sugai, 2008
Coaching Defined
Coaching is the active and iterative delivery of: (a) prompts that increase successful behavior, and (b) corrections that decrease unsuccessful behavior.
Coaching is done by someone with credibility and experience with the target skill(s)Coaching is done on-site, in real time Coaching is done after initial trainingCoaching is done repeatedly (e.g. monthly)Coaching intensity is adjusted to need
Training Outcomes Related to Training Components
Training Outcomes
Training Components
Knowledge of Content
Skill Implementation ClassroomApplication
Presentation/ Lecture
PlusDemonstration
Plus Practice
Plus Coaching/ Admin SupportData Feedback
10% 5% 0%
30% 20% 0%
60% 60% 5%
95% 95% 95%
Joyce & Showers, 2002
01234567
Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
Avg.
Ref
erra
ls pe
r Day
05-06 06-07
Example of the Impact of Coaching on Student Outcomes:Average Major Discipline Referrals per Day per Month
Coach returns from leave
Coach goes on
leave
Summary
School-wide PBIS is an approach for investing in making the school a more effective social and educational setting for all students.
Core features of RTI are an effective framework for improving Behavior and Academic Support