school of biotechnology -...

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School of Biotechnology

4 Years B.Tech. Biotechnology Course Structure Total Credits - 189

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YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1 No. Subject

Type Subject Code

Subject Name L-T-P Credit

1 Theory SMA41101 Mathematics-I 3-1-0 4 2 Theory SPH41109 Physics-I 3-0-0 3 3 Theory ECS41101 Programming & Data Structure 3-0-0 3 4 Theory EME41101 Engineering Drawing & Visualization 1-0-0 1 5 Theory HEN41117 HSS-I 3-0-0 3 6 Theory HSS-II 3-0-0 3 7 Laboratory SPH41209 Physics-I Lab 0-0-3 2 8 Laboratory ECS41202 Data Structure Lab 0-0-3 2 9 Laboratory EME41201 Engineering Drawing & Visualization Lab 0-0-3 2 Total 16-1-9 23 SEMESTER 2 No. Subject

Type Subject Code


1 Theory SMA41102 Mathematics-II 3-1-0 4 2 Theory SPH41108 Physics-II 3-0-0 3 3 Theory SCY41106 Chemistry 3-0-0 3 4 Theory EEE41102 Electrical Technology 3-0-0 3 5 Theory SBT41108 Life Sciences 3-0-0 3 6 Theory EME41104 Mechanics & Manufacturing 3-0-0 3 7 Laboratory SCY41206 Chemistry Lab 0-0-3 2 8 Laboratory EEE41202 Electrical Technology Lab 0-0-3 2 9 Laboratory EME41204 Mechanics & Manufacturing Lab 0-0-3 2 Total 18-1-9 25 Math-I: Calculus & Differential Equations. Equ. Math-II: Linear Algebra, PDE, Complex Analysis Phy-I: Engineering Physics Phy-II: Materials Science HSS-I: From a list of Language related topics HSS-II: From a list of Law related topics Total Credits (First Year): 48

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Type Subject Code


1 Theory BBT42101 Biomolecules & Biomass 3-1-0 4 2 Theory BBT42103 Biochemistry, Bioenergetics & Reaction

Kinetics 3-1-0 4

3 Theory BBT42105 Microbiology 3-1-0 4 4 Theory BBT42107 Cell Biology 3-1-0 4 5 Laboratory BBT42201 Biochemistry Lab 0-0-3 2 6 Laboratory BBT42203 Microbiology Lab 0-0-3 2 7 Laboratory BBT42205 Cell Biology Lab 0-0-3 2 Total 12-4-9 22 SEMESTER 4 No. Subject

Type Subject Code


1 Theory BBT42102 Genetics & Biostatistics 3-1-0 4 2 Theory BBT42104 Genomics, Proteomics & Metabolomics 3-1-0 4 3 Theory BBT42106 Biophysical Techniques & Instrumentation 3-1-0 4 4 Theory BBT42108 Bioprocess & Fermentation Technology 3-1-0 4 5 Theory BBT42110 Environmental Science & Energy Resources 3-0-0 3 6 Laboratory BBT42202 Genetics Lab 0-0-3 2 7 Laboratory BBT42204 Biophysical Techniques & Instrumentation

Lab 0-0-3 2

8 Laboratory BBT42206 Bioprocess & Fermentation Technology Lab 0-0-3 2 Total 15-4-9 25 Total Credits (Second Year): 47

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Type Subject Code


1 Theory BBT43101 Molecular Biology 3-1-0 4 2 Theory BBT43103 Enzyme Technology 3-1-0 4 3 Theory BBT43105 Bioinformatics 3-1-0 4 4 Theory BBT43107 Energy Engineering & Biofuel 3-1-0 4 5 Theory BBT43109 Nanobiotechnology 3-0-0 3 6 Laboratory BBT43201 Molecular Biology Lab 0-0-3 2 7 Laboratory BBT43203 Enzyme Technology & Clinical Biochemistry

Lab 0-0-3 2

8 Laboratory BBT43205 Bioinformatics Lab 0-0-3 2 Total 15-4-9 25 SEMESTER 6 No. Subject

Type Subject Code


1 Theory BBT43102 Immunotechnology 3-1-0 4 2 Theory BBT43104 Plant & Forest Biotechnology 3-1-0 4 3 Theory BBT43106 Medical Biotechnology 3-1-0 4 4 Theory BBT43108 Animal & Insect Biotechnology 3-1-0 4 5 Theory BBT43110 Stem Cell Biotechnology 3-0-0 3 6 Laboratory BBT43202 Immunotechnology Lab 0-0-3 2 7 Laboratory BBT43204 Plant Biotechnology Lab 0-0-3 2 8 Laboratory BBT43206 Animal Biotechnology Lab 0-0-3 2 Total 15-4-9 25 Total Credits (Third Year): 50

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Type Subject Code Subject Name L-T-P Credit

1 Theory BBT44101 Food & Beverage Biotechnology 3-1-0 4 2 Theory BBT44103 Environmental Biotechnology 3-1-0 4 3 Theory BBT44105 Protein Engineering 3-0-0 3 4 Elective BBT44107/09/11/13/15 Elective Subject I (Choice Based) 3-0-0 3 5 Laboratory BBT44201 Food & Environmental

Biotechnology Lab 0-0-3 2

6 Laboratory BBT44401 Project Work I 0-0-6 4 7 Laboratory BBT44601 Industrial Training 0-0-0 2 Total 12-2-9 22 ELECTIVE SUBJECT I - SELECT ANY ONE No. Subject Name L-T-P Credit 1 Biofertilizer (BBT44107) 3-0-0 3 2 Biopesticides (BBT44109) 3-0-0 3 3 Biocatalysis (BBT44111) 3-0-0 3 4 Molecular modeling and drug design (BBT44113) 3-0-0 3 5 Protein-DNA Interaction (BBT44115) 3-0-0 3 SEMESTER 8 No. Subject

Type Subject Code Subject Name L-T-P Credit

1 Theory BBT44102 Bioethics, Biosafety & IPR 3-0-0 3 2 Theory BBT44104/06/08/10 Elective Subject II (Choice Based) 3-0-0 3 3 Laboratory BBT44402 Project Work II 0-0-12 8 4 Laboratory BBT44502 Report, Seminar & Comprehensive

Viva-Voce on Project Work 0-0-0 8

Total 6-0-12 22 ELECTIVE SUBJECT II - SELECT ANY ONE No. Subject Name L-T-P Credit 1 Mushroom Culture (BBT44104) 3-0-0 3 2 Soil Profile, Horizon & Conditioning (BBT44106) 3-0-0 3 3 Bioterrorism (BBT44108) 3-0-0 3 4 Biomining (BBT44110) 3-0-0 3 Total Credits (Fourth Year): 44

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ADAMAS UNIVERSITY DETAILED COURSE STRUCTURE

B.TECH. BIOTECHNOLOGY

SEMESTER 3 SEM 3 THEORY 1 BBT42101 Biomolecules & Biomass L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Water, pH & buffer: Cellular and chemical foundations of life. Unique properties, weak

interactions in aqueous systems, ionization of water, buffers; water as a reactant and fitness of the aqueous environment. pH - definition, effect of pH in enzyme catalyzed reaction. Acids, bases and buffers in biological system; Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry theories of acid and bases. Polyprotic acids, ampholytes, dissociation of polyprotic acid. Surface tension, viscosity: application to biomolecules.

2 Carbohydrates & glycobiology: Monosaccharides - structure of aldoses and ketoses, structure and conformations of sugars, mutarotation, anomer, epimer and enantiomer; structure of biologically important sugar derivatives, oxidation of sugars. Formation of disaccharides, reducing and nonreducing disaccharides. Polysaccharides – homo- and heteropolysaccharides, structural and storage polysaccharides. Structure and role of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, glycolipids (gangliosides & lipopolysaccharides).

3 Amino acids: Structure and classification, physical, chemical and optical properties of amino acids.

4 Nucleic acids: Nucleotides - structure and properties. Nucleic acid structure – Watson-Crick model of DNA. Structure of major species of RNA - tRNA, mRNA and rRNA. Nucleic acid - UV absorption, effect of acid and alkali on DNA. Other functions of nucleotides - source of energy, component of coenzymes; second messengers.

5 Lipids & Vitamins: Building blocks of lipids - fatty acids, glycerol, ceramide. Storage lipids - triacyl glycerol and waxes. Structural lipids in membranes – glycerophospholipids, galactolipids, sulpholipids, sphingolipids & sterols; structure, distribution & role of membrane lipids. Plant steroids; Lipids as signals, cofactors & pigments. Structure and active forms of water soluble & fat soluble vitamins; lipid deficiency diseases and symptoms.

6 Biomass: Natural raw materials. Availability of by-products. Raw materials and the future of biotechnology.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Biochemistry by Jeremy M.Berg, John L.Tymozko, Lubert Stryer, Fifth edition, W.H.Freeman

and Company. 2 Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Edition 4, Nelson, David L. Cox, Michael M. Lehninger,

Albert L. W H Freeman & Co. 3 Biotechnology by John E. Smith. Fifth Edition. Cambridge University Press.

SEM 3 THEORY 2 BBT42103 Biochemistry, Bioenergetics &

Reaction Kinetics L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Bioenergetics: !st and 2nd laws of Thermodynamics. Gibb’s Free Energy, enthalpy, Entropy

and mathematical relationship among them; Standard free energy change and equilibrium constant. Coupled reactions & additive nature of standard free energy change; Energy rich

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compounds: Phosphoenolpyruvate, 1,3- Bisphosphoglycerate, Thioesters, and ATP. 2 Introduction to Enzyme & Carbohydrate Metabolism: Basic concept of enzyme-substrate

reactions; classification and nomenclature; Enzyme active site; Regulation of enzyme activity - allosteric regulation.

3 Metabolic pathways of carbohydrates & their regulation: Glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, Entner-Doudoroff pathway and Cori cycle; Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport chain and ATP synthesis, regulation of oxidative phosphorylation; gluconeogenesis; Photosynthesis: Photophosrylation, Calvin cycle; Disorder / diseases of carbohydrate metabolism.

4 Metabolism of Amino acid, Protein: Catabolism & Anabolism; Catabolism of amino acids; general metabolism of amino acids. catabolism of Tyrosine, Leucine, Glutamic acid & Arginine; Glucogenic amino acids, ketogenic amino acids. Urea cycle & its regulation, protein degradation & turnover. Disorder / diseases of amino acids metabolism.

5 Metabolism of lipid, nucleic acid & vitamin: Oxidation of Fatty acid: Beta oxidation & omega oxidation – saturated & unsaturated fatty acids. Catabolism of phospholipids. Biosynthesis of fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol & steroid; Disorder / diseases of lipid metabolism. Nucleotide metabolism, purine & pyrimidine degradation; De Novo and Salvage Pathways. Disorders of purines & pyrimidines metabolism. Metabolism of Vitamins; Brief description of animal & plant hormones.

6 Kinetics: Rate of chemical reaction; Effect of Temperature on Rate Constant; Arrehnius equation; Collision Theory; Transition State Theory; Order and Molecularity of a Chemical reaction; Elementary Reactions, 1st, 2nd & 3rd order reactions; Non Elementary Reactions, Pseudo-1st order reaction; Determination of rate constant and order of reaction; Half-life method; Fractional order reactions.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Edition 4, Nelson, David L. Cox, Michael M. Lehninger,

Albert L. W H Freeman & Co. 2 Enzymes by Robert A. Copeland, 2nd edition. 3 Biochemistry by Jeremy M.Berg, John L.Tymozko, Lubert Stryer, Fifth edition, W.H.Freeman

and Company. SEM 3 THEORY 3 BBT42105 Microbiology L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Fundamentals, History & Evolution of Microbiology: Classification of microorganisms;

Microbial taxonomy; Microbial phylogeny & current classification of bacteria. Microbial Diversity - Distribution & characterization Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells; Morphology & cell structure of major groups of microorganisms - Bacteria, Algae, Fungi, Protozoa & unique features of viruses.

2 Cultivation & Maintenance of microorganisms: Nutritional groups of microorganisms; methods of isolation; Purification & preservation.

3 Microbial growth: Growth curve, Generation time, synchronous batch & continuous culture; measurement of growth & factors affecting growth of bacteria; Microbial Metabolism - Metabolic pathways; amphi-catabolic & biosynthetic pathways; Bacterial Reproduction - Transformation, Transduction & Conjugation; Endospore & sporulation in bacteria.

4 Control of Microorganisms: By physical, chemical & chemotherapeutic agents; Water Microbiology - Bacterial pollutants of water, coliforms & non-coliforms; Sewage composition

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& its disposal; Important microorganism in food Microbiology - Moulds, Yeasts, and bacteria; Major food born infections & intoxications; Preservation of various types of foods; Fermented Foods.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Microbiology by Pelczar, JR E.C.S Chan and noel R.Krieg. Fifth edition Tata Mc GrawHill -2006.

SEM 3 THEORY 4 BBT42107 Cell Biology L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells: Membrane organization; cell organelles; cytoskeleton; cell

division. Transport across cell membranes; cytosolic , nuclear & membrane bound receptors; autocrine, paracrine & endocrine models of actionsl; Entry of viruses & toxins into cells; cell culture, and generation of cell lines.

2 Cell cycle: Components of cell cycle control system; Intracellular & Extracellular control of cell division; Programmed cell death / Apoptosis; intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of cell death; Apoptosis in relation with Cancer; Viral disease (AIDS) and Organ transplant.

3 Cell Signaling: Cell signaling & signal transduction pathways: Hormones & their receptors, cell surface receptors; signaling through G-protein coupled receptors; second messengers; regulation of signaling pathways; principles of cell communications; cell adhesion & roles of different adhesion molecules; gap junctions, extracellular matrix, and integrins.

4 Cancer: The Development & causes of cancer; tumour viruses, oncogenes, prevention & treatment of cancer.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Molecular Biology of the Cell Edition 4, Roberts, Keith Alberts, Bruce Johnson, Alexander Raff,

Martin Walter, Peter Lewis, Julian, Garland. 2 Molecular Cell Biology, Lodish, Harvey Krieger, Monty Kaiser, Chris A. Berk, Arnold, W H

Freeman & Co. SEM 3 LAB 1 BBT42201 Biochemistry Lab L-T-P = 0-0-3 Credit 2

EXP. LAB DETAILS 1 Safety measures in laboratories. 2 Preparation of normal and molar solutions. 3 Preparation of buffers. 4 Determination of pKa of glycine. 5 Qualitative tests for carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, proteins and nucleic acids. 6 Separation of amino acids/ sugars/ bases by thin layer chromatography.

SEM 3 LAB 2 BBT42203 Microbiology Lab L-T-P = 0-0-3 Credit 2

EXP. LAB DETAILS 1 Sterilization techniques. 2 Media preparation. 3 Microscopy and Micrometry. 4 Isolation, culture, enumeration and purification of microbes from a given sample. 5 Staining Techniques (Simple, Gram staining, spore staining, flageller staining, capsule staining,

negative staining).

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6 Antibiotic Assay - Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test (Disc Diffusion Method). 7 Growth Kinetics (Bacterial Growth Curve) 8 Isolation of antibiotics producing bacteria and determination of the number of colony forming

units. SEM 3 LAB 3 BBT42205 Cell Biology Lab L-T-P = 0-0-3 Credit 2

EXP. LAB DETAILS 1 Study the effect of temperature and organic solvents on semi permeable membrane. 2 Demonstration of dialysis. 3 Study of plasmolysis and de-plasmolysis. 4 Cell fractionation and determination of enzyme activity in organelles using sprouted seed

or any other suitable source. 5 Study of structure of any Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell. 6 Identification: Slides of animal tissues like liver, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, intestine,

kidney, ovary, testes. 7 Cell division in onion root tip/ insect gonads. 8 Preparation of Nuclear, Mitochondrial & cytoplasmic fractions.

SEMESTER 4

SEM 4 THEORY 1 BBT42102 Genetics & Biostatistics L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Classical Genetics: Mendelian inheritance; multiple alleles, pseudoallele; gene interaction,

complementation; Codominance, incomplete dominance; linkage, pleiotropy; recombination & chromosome mapping, sex determination; extra-chromosomal inheritance; special types of chromosomes; Alterations of chromosomes: euploidy & aneuploidy; deletion, duplication, inversion & translocation & their genetic implications; pedigree analysis, lod score; karyotypes, chromosomal abnormalities.

2 Gene Mutation & Cancer: Induced and spontaneous mutation; mutation Types, causes & detection, mutant categories; basis of genetic diseases; applications of genetic disorders; Cancer Genetics - Genetic rearrangements in progenitor cells, oncogenes; protooncogenes; tumour suppressor genes - p53, RB & others; virus-induced cancer, cancer & cell cycle.

3 Microbial Genetics: Bacterial Genetics - plasmids, transposon; Gene transfer; recombination & complementation analysis; gene mapping. Viral genetics - genetics of animal viruses - polio, HIV & adenovirus; Bacteriophage - genetics of lambda, M13, T4 & phiX174.

4 Biostatistics: Mean, median and mode; standard deviation, variance, discrete & continuous probability distributions; Poisson, normal & binomial distributions; mathematical expectancy; Correlation & regression analysis; T-test, chi-square analysis; ANOVA. Population genetics - Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; changes in gene frequency; continuous variation; Polygenic inheritance, heritability & its measurements; QTL mapping.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Principles of Genetics by Gardner, Simmons, Snustad, 8th edition – John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,

2003. 2 S.C. Gupta & V.K. Kapoor, Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand and Sons,

New Delhi , 2003. 3 S.C. Gupta & V.K. Kapoor, Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand and Sons, New

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Delhi , 2003. SEM 4 THEORY 2 BBT42104 Genomics, Proteomics &

Metabolomics L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Introduction to Genomics: DNA sequencing methods – manual & automated: Maxam &

Gilbert and Sangers method. Pyrosequencing, Genome Sequencing: Shotgun & Hierarchical (clone contig) methods, Computer tools for sequencing projects: Genome sequence assembly software.

2 Managing and Distributing Genome Data: Web based servers and softwares for genome analysis: ENSEMBL, VISTA, UCSC Genome Browser, NCBI genome. Selected Model Organisms' Genomes and Databases.

3 Introduction to protein structure & Proteomics: Chemical properties of proteins. Physical interactions that determine the property of proteins; short-range interactions; electrostatic forces, van der waal interactions, hydrogen bonds, Hydrophobic interactions. Determination of sizes (Sedimentation analysis, gel filteration, SDS-PAGE); Native PAGE, Determination of covalent structures – Edman degradation. Analysis of proteomes. 2D-PAGE. Sample preparation, solubilization, reduction, resolution. Reproducibility of 2D-PAGE. Mass spectrometry based methods for protein identification. De novo sequencing using mass spectrometric data.

4 Metabolomics: Metabolites - primary and secondary, Microbial secondary metabolites. Concept of Metabolomics: definition and importance; environmental metabolomics, exometabolomics, Metabonomics.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Introduction to Proteomics by Daniel. C. Liebler, Humana press, 2002

SEM 4 THEORY 3 BBT42106 Biophysical Techniques &

Instrumentation L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Transport Phenomena: Transport across membrane - passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion &

active transport - (definition and examples); gradient of chemical potential as driving force in transport, equilibrium & transport across membranes; diffusion, osmosis, sedimentation, osmotic pressure. Donnan equilibrium, diffusion potential, membrane potential. Gel Electrophoresis and its applications

2 Microscopy: General principles of optics in relation to microscopy; different components of light wave (UV, IR, visible); principles and applications of Compound Microscope; Light-, Dark-, Bright-field Microscopes; Phase Contrast Microscopy; Fluorescent Microscope; Electron Microscope; Resolving power; Numerical aperture: Chromatic Aberration.

3 Centrifugation and Chromatography: Principles of different types of centrifugation and its application. General principles of chromatography, adsorption chromatography, column, affinity, TLC, partition, ion exchange, gel filtration and permeation chromatography.

4 Spectroscopic techniques: Principles and applications of spectroscopy: Electronic transition, Fluorescence, FRET, Imaging Techniques, Rotational and Vibrational Spectroscopy and application, Raman Spectroscopy in biomolecules. Light scattering : size and shape of macromolecules. Mass spectrometry and its applications.

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5 Radiactivity: Radioisotope technique: nature of radioactivity, principles of radioisotopes and radiations, units, radioactive decay, detection and measurement of radioactivity.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Principles of Physical Biochemistry, by K.E. van Holde, W. C. Johnson, and P.S. Ho. 2 Molecular Biophysics by Igor N. Serdyuk , Nathan R. Zaccai , Joseph Zaccai.

SEM 4 THEORY 4 BBT42108 Bioprocess & Fermentation

Technology L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Microbial kinetics: Monod's equation, substrate inhibition, double substrate equations.

Structured and unstructured substrate & product inhibition and models related to that, cybernetic models, segregated models.

2 Media and air sterilization: Sterilization kinetics, batch and continuous sterilization. Agitation and aeration in bioreactor, different types of impellors, power requirements, kla determination, mixing, multiphase reaction.

3 Bioreactors: Types of bioreactor operation, batch, fed-batch, continuous, cell recycle and cascade mode, calculation of productivity, yield and reactor sizing. Extractive fermentation, high cell density culture, Scale-up and scale down of bioreactor. State and parameter estimation techniques for biochemical processes; computers and interfaces, Computer-based data acquisition, monitoring and control-LABVIEW Software.

4 Recombinant cell culture processes: Guidelines for choosing host-vector systems, plasmid stability in recombinant cell culture; limits to over expression; Modeling of recombinant bacterial cultures; Bioreactor strategies for maximizing product formation; Bioprocess design considerations for plant and animal cell cultures.

5 General requirements of fermentation processes: Isolation, preservation and improvement of industrially important microorganisms, development of innocula for industrial fermentations; types of fermentations, Basic design & construction of fermentors and ancillaries, media design and sterilization for fermentation process. Overview of aerobic & anaerobic fermentation processes & their application; solid-substrate fermentation & its applications.

6 Large scale production, fermenters, economics, legislative and safety aspects: Introduction Biotechnology as an interdisciplinary science . Energy and Biotechnology –Biofuels, sources of biomass, ethanol and methane from biomass, Hydrogen production. Biotechnology and Health care – Use of probes in disease diagnosis and use of monoclonal antibodies in disease diagnosis and treatment. Bio fertilizer, Bio pesticide and Vermicomposting. Bioleaching, Biosensors and biochips.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Alba S., Humphrey E and Milli N.R., “Bio Chemical Engineering” Academic Press, 1973. 2 Scragg.A.H “Bioreactors in Biotechnology”- A Practical approach. 3 Bailey and Ollis, “Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals”, McGraw Hill (2nd Ed.). 1986. 4 Peter F.Stanbury, Allan Whitaker, “Principles of Fermentation Technology”.

SEM 4 THEORY 5 BBT42110 Environmental Science &

Energy Resources L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS

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1 Environment & ecosystems: Environmental education: scope, objectives & importance; ecosystem types -terrestrial & aquatic ecosystems; structure & function; ecological succession; food chains; food-webs & ecological pyramids.

2 Biodiversity: Genetic, species & ecosystem diversity; value of biodiversity - consumptive & productive use; social, ethical, aesthetic & option values; threats to biodiversity - habitat loss, poaching of wildlife; endangered & endemic species of India; Conservation of biodiversity - in situ & ex situ conservations.

3 Pollution & waste management: Air & water pollution; classification of pollutants & their effects; control measures of air pollution; Waste water treatment - primary, secondary and tertiary stages; Solid waste management; effects of municipal waste; hazardous waste; bio-medical waste; process of waste management.

4 Current environmental issues: Environmental ethics; issues & solutions; population explosion; climatic change; ozone layer depletion; global warming, acid rain & green house effect; Sustainable development; environmental dimensions & audit of sustainable development.

5 Environmental protection: National & international concern for environment; important environmental protection acts; water, air act, wild life conservation & forest act; functions of central & state pollution control boards; international efforts; Rio declaration; Vienna convention; Kyoto protocol & Johannesburg summit.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 De A.K., "Environmental Chemistry", New Age International (p) lt., New Delhi, 1996. 2 Kurian Joseph & R. Nagendran, "Essential of Environmental Studies", Pearson Education, 2004.

SEM 4 LAB 1 BBT42202 Genetics Lab L-T-P = 0-0-3 Credit 2

EXP. LAB DETAILS 1 Permanent and temporary mount of mitosis. 2 Permanent and temporary mount of meiosis. 3 Culturing of leukocytes. 4 Determination of Mitotic Index. 5 Preparation of chromosome spreads. 6 Preparation of Karyogram. 7 Study of polytene chromosomes of Diptera. 8 Barr body preparation and staining.

SEM 4 LAB 2 BBT42204 Biophysical Techniques &

Instrumentation Lab L-T-P = 0-0-3 Credit 2

EXP. LAB DETAILS 1 Chemical cell disruption and assay for intracellular products. 2 Mechanical cell disruption and assay for intracellular products. 3 Separation of insolubles by filtration / sedimentation / centrifugation. 4 Ammonium sulphate precipitation and dialysis. 5 Gel analysis / assay for dialysed product. 6 Ion Exchange chromatography. 7 Gel filtration. 8 HPLC.

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9 FPLC. 10 Gas chromatography.

SEM 4 LAB 3 BBT42206 Bioprocess & Fermentation

Technology Lab L-T-P = 0-0-3 Credit 2

EXP. LAB DETAILS 1 Isolation of proteolytic organisms from soil samples. 2 Glucose assay by dDNS method. 3 Evaluation of enzyme kinetic parameters 4 Enzyme activity calculation. 5 Determination of optimum pH for enzyme. 6 Determination of optimum temperature for an enzyme. 7 Effect of substrate concentration on biomass yield. 8 Solvent extraction techniques for product recovery. 9 Production of wine by yeast.

10 Production of Amino acid.

SEMESTER 5 SEM 5 THEORY 1 BBT43101 Molecular Biology L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 DNA Replication, Transcription & Translation: DNA replication in prokaryote & eukaryotes;

enzymes & accessory proteins; telomere replication. Transcription process in prokaryote and eukaryotes; regulation of transcription. RNA processing, nuclear export & stability of mRNA. Translation in prokaryote & eukaryotes; translational control, co- and post-translational modification of proteins.

2 DNA damage, repair & homologous recombination: Causes & types of DNA damage, mechanisms of DNA repair - Photoreactivation, base-excision & nucleotide-excision repairs; mismatch repair, translesion synthesis, recombinational repair, non-homologous end joining; Homologous recombination - models & mechanism; Mutations.

3 DNA cloning and Gene expression: Restriction & modifying enzymes; cloning vectors -Plasmids, phage cosmids, phasmid, YAC, eukaryotic vectors; Gene expression in prokaryote and eukaryotes; operon, genes silencing, transcription factors, antisense & ribozymes. Techniques of molecular biology - PCR, DNA cloning, genome sequencing, cDNA & Genomic libraries, hybridization-probe method, antibody screening.

4 GMO & bioethical concern: Genetically modified organisms; Risk assessment, biosafety regulations & guidelines.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 From Genes to Genomes by Jeremy W. Dale and Malcolm von Schantz, 2002, John Willey and

sons Publications. 2 Principles of Gene Manipulation, An Introduction to Genetic Engineering Old R.W.Primrose SB,

- Blackwell Scientific Publications. SEM 5 THEORY 2 BBT43103 Enzyme Technology L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS

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1 Introduction: Classification, mechanism of enzyme action, active site determination, identification of binding and catalytic sites, specificity of enzyme action, activation energy and transition state theory, role of entropy in catalysis.

2 Kinetics: Kinetics of single substrate enzyme catalyzed reactions, Michaelis-Menten equation, turnover number, enzyme inhibition- competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive, allosteric enzymes and metabolic regulation.

3 The technology of enzyme production: Types of reactors used for enzyme catalysis for free and immobilized enzymes, immobilized enzymes, preparation and properties.

4 Immobilized enzyme catalysis: Effects of external mass transfer resistance, analysis of Intra-particle diffusion and reaction. Simultaneous film and intra-particle mass transfer resistances, effects of inhibitors, temperature and pH on immobilized enzyme catalysis and deactivation.

5 Overview of applications of immobilized enzyme systems: Design of enzyme electrodes & their applications as biosensors; health care & environment; Design of Immobilized Enzyme Reactors; Packed-bed, Fluidized-bed Membrane reactors; Bioconversion calculations in free- enzyme CSTRs & immobilized enzyme reactors.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Enzymes by Trevor palmer. 2 Biochemistry by Jeremy M.Berg, John L.Tymozko, Lubert Styer, Fifth edition, W.H.Freeman

and Company. SEM 5 THEORY 3 BBT43105 Bioinformatics L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Introduction & NCBI: Internet basics; Connecting to internet; Email; FTP; www; NCBI;

BIOSEQ’s, BIOSEQ sets, SEQ-ANNOT, SEQ-DESCR. 2 Biological databases: Biological databases; primary sequence databases; Composite sequence

databases; Secondary databases; composite protein pattern databases; structure classification databases; Genome Information Resources; DNA sequence databases; specialized genomic resources.

3 Alignment techniques: Pairwise Alignment Technique; Database searching; algorithms & programs; comparing two sequences; identity & similarity; global & local alignments; pairwise database searching; Multiple sequence Alignment; computational Complexity; Manual methods; Simultaneous methods; Progressive methods; Databases of multiple alignment; Secondary database searching; Analysis packages.

4 Protein analysis: Protein identity based on composition, Motifs & patterns; secondary structure prediction; specialized secondary structures;, tertiary structures.

5 Introduction to perl: Using PERL to facilitate biological analysis; Strings, numbers, variables; Basic input and output; File handles; Conditional Blocks and loops; Pattern matching; Arrays-Hashes.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Andreas D Baxevanis & B F Francis,” Bioinformatics- A practical guide to analysis of Genes &

Proteins”, John Wiley, 2002. 2 T K Attwood, D J Parry-Smith,” Introduction to Bioinformatics”, Pearson Education, 1st Edition,

11th Reprint 2005. 3 A.R Leach, Molecular Modeling Principles and Applications, Longman, 1996.

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SEM 5 THEORY 4 BBT43107 Energy Engineering & Biofuel L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4 UNIT COURSE DETAILS

1 Energy: Renewable & non-renewable resources - Water, Minerals, & Energy; Use & overexploitation; Classification & Sources of Energy; Problems relating demand & supply of various energy sources; Coal, Petroleum etc.

2 Conventional & non-conventional energy: Conventional fuels; firewood, plant & animal wastes; coal, gas, animal oils & their environmental impact; Modern fuels - methanogenic bacteria & biogas; microbial hydrogen production; conversion of sugars to ethanol, the gasohol experiment; solar energy converters; photosynthetic pigments, plant based petroleum industry, cellulose degradation for combustible fuels & their environmental impacts.

3 Biogas plant & its design: KVIC plants, process kinetics, digester design, sludge treatment, energy from wastes; development in energy routes.

4 Clean coal technology: Biotechnology & Microbiology of Coal Degradation; Aerobic & Anaerobic pathway of coal degradation; Characterization & identification of bioconversion substrates & products; Biosolubilization & bioliquefaction of coal; Biodesulfurisation of coal & oil; Mechanisms of coal biosolubilization; Enzymes that depolymerise coal; Recent Advances in Bioprocessing of coal.

5 Green technology – microbial fuel cell: From Microbes to Megawatts; Microbial Fuel Cells; Types of Biological fuel cells; Applications of Biological Fuel cells.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 S.B Pandya, "Conventional Energy Technology - Fuels and chemical Energy - TMH (1987). 2 S.P. Sharma and Chander Mohan, Fuels and Combustion, "TMH, 1984. 3 Kash Kori, C., Energy resources, demand and conservation with special reference to India,

TMH, 1975. SEM 5 THEORY 5 BBT43109 Nanobiotechnology L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Introduction: Introduction to Nano-Biotechnology; Nanotechnology definition and concepts.

Introduction to Nanostructures; Carbon Nanotubes (CNT), Fullerenes (C60, C300); Nano Peapods Quantum Dots & Semiconductor Nanoparticles.

2 Nanostructures: Metal-based Nanostructures (Iron Oxide Nanoparticles), Polymer-based Nanostructures (Dendrimers), Gold Nanostructures: (Nanorods, Nanocages, Nanoshells), Protein-based Nanostructures: Nanomotors: Bacterial (E. coli) & Mammalian (Myosin family).

3 Nanobiosensors: Science of Self-assembly - From Natural to Artificial Structures. 4 Nanostructures for drug delivery: Concepts, targeting, routes of delivery & advantages;

Nanostructures for diagnostics & biosensors; Nanoparticles for diagnostics and imaging; Nanodevices for sensor development, tissue engineering, cancer therapy.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Bionanotechnology by David S.Goodsell, 2004, Wiley Publications.

SEM 5 LAB 1 BBT43201 Molecular Biology Lab L-T-P = 0-0-3 Credit 2

EXP. LAB DETAILS 1 Preparation of Agarose Gel. 2 Isolation of Genomic DNA from blood, plant cell and bacteria (any one). Estimation of DNA

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content in the given sample. 3 Isolation of Plasmid DNA. 4 Gel electrophoresis of DNA. 5 Isolation of RNA. Estimation of RNA. 6 Purification of DNA through columns, Spectroscopic analysis of DNA/RNA, Determination of

Tm of DNA and RNA. 7 Induced mutation by: (a) Chemical (b) Ultraviolet light. 8 Phage Titration. 9 Restriction digestion of DNA.

10 Ligation of digested of DNA. 11 PCR amplification of DNA and visualization by gel electrophoresis.

SEM 5 LAB 2 BBT43203 Enzyme Technology & Clinical

Biochemistry Lab L-T-P = 0-0-3 Credit 2

EXP. LAB DETAILS 1 To study activity of any enzyme under optimum conditions. 2 To study the effect of pH, temperature on the activity of an enzyme. 3 Determination of - pH optima, temperature optima, Km value, Vmax value, Effect of

inhibitor (Inorganic phosphate) on the enzyme activity. 4 Estimation of blood glucose by glucose oxidase method. 5 Principles of Colorimetry: (i) Verification of Beer's law, estimation of protein. (ii) To study

relation between absorbance and % transmission. 6 Estimation of cholesterol in blood. 7 Estimation of bilirubin in blood. 8 Estimation of urea & creatinine in blood. 9 Determination of SGPT, SGOT and alkaline phosphatase by colorimetric end point method in

blood. 10 Gel electrophoresis for detection of abnormal hemoglobin.

SEM 5 LAB 3 BBT43205 Bioinformatics Lab L-T-P = 0-0-3 Credit 2

EXP. LAB DETAILS 1 Knowledge about nucleotide Databases. 2 Knowledge about Protein databases. 3 Literature survey through Pubmed. 4 Local similarity search. 5 Global similarity search. 6 Gene prediction and translation. 7 Protein sequence analysis. 8 Protein secondary structure prediction. 9 Homology Modelling.

SEMESTER 6

SEM 6 THEORY 1 BBT43102 Immunotechnology L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

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UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 The immune system: Innate & adaptive immunity, comparative immunity; cells & organs;

Antigens. 2 Immunoglobulin structure & functions: Basic structures of Immunoglobulins; Ig classes &

biological activities; Antigenic determinants on Ig, B Cell receptor, Monoclonal, polyclonal antibodies; cytokines; complement system.

3 Antigen – antibody interactions: Antibody Affinity & activity; Precipitation reactions; agglutination reactions; Radio immunoassay; ELISA; Western blotting; Immunoprecipitation, Immunofluroscence, immunoelectron microscopes; flow cytometry; MHC Antigen processing and presentations.

4 T Cell and b cell maturation, activation and differentiation: T Cell receptor, T Cell maturation, activation & differentiation; B Cell generation, activation & differentiation; cell mediated effectors responses.

5 Immune system in health and disease: Leukocyte migration & inflammation; hypersensitive reactions; immune response to infection diseases vaccines.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Kuby Immunology by Richard A. Golds by Tharmas J. kindt fourth edition 2000 and Barbara

Osborne. W.H.freeman and company. SEM 6 THEORY 2 BBT43104 Plant & Forest Biotechnology L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Plant genomes & plant tissue culture: Gene structure & gene expression; regulation,

implication for plant transformation; Protein targeting, heterologous promoters, genome size & organization; Arabidopsis & new technologies. Plant tissue culture; plasticity & totipotency, culture environment, growth regulators, media regulators, culture types, plant regeneration.

2 Plant transformation techniques: Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer; Ti-plasmid; process of T-DNA transfer & integration, transformation in plant; Direct gene transfer methods. Binary vectors; basic features of vectors; optimization; clean gene technology.

3 Transgenic plants, herbicide & pest resistance: Herbicide resistance; use of herbicide in modern agriculture; strategies for engineering herbicide; Resistance environment impact, pest resistance; nature & scale of insect / pest damage to crop; GM strategies; approach to insect resistance; copy nature strategy; insect resistant crops & food safety.

4 Plant disease resistance & stress tolerance: Plant-pathogen interactions; natural disease resistance pathways; biotechnological approaches to disease resistance; Plant viruses, types, entry & replication; transgenic approach; Stress tolerance; abiotic stress; water deficit stress & various approaches for tolerance.

5 Molecular farming & gm crops future prospects: Carbohydrates & lipids production; molecular farming; economic considerations for molecular farming; GM crops - current status; concerns about GM crops; regulations of GM crops & products; Greener genetic engineering.

6 Forest Biotechnology: Industry demands; biotechnological challenges; Trees as energy crops. BOOKS BOOK DETAILS

1 Plant Biotechnology-The genetic manipulation of plants. Adrian Slater, NigelW.Scott and MarkR.Fowler.Oxford university press.

SEM 6 THEORY 3 BBT43106 Medical Biotechnology L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

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UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Immunodiagnostics & therapy: Hybridoma technology; Antibody markers, CD Markers, FACS,

HLA typing; Bioassays. Therapeutic Antibodies; types of ELISA, problems & prospects from mouse. Vaccine - types; Vaccine technology, DNA vaccine, Vaccines for AIDS & cancer; DNA & RNA based diagnostics & therapy; PCR, PCR/OLA procedures, RFLP, SSCP; Microarrays, FISH, In-situ hybridization; Genotyping; Case studies related to bacterial, viral & parasitic infections.

2 Applications: Gene Therapy; Antisense RNA therapy, Ribozyme therapy; status, problems & prospects; Use of proteomics in protein based biomarkers in disease diagnosis (eg. cancer); development & future prospects.

3 Use of enzymes in clinical diagnosis & kit development: Principle of diagnostic enzymology, determination and use of enzyme; enzyme activities for clinical diagnosis; Liver, cardiac & Kidney enzymes, Digestive enzymes, Miscellaneous enzymes & their general function tests; Biosensors - types & applications of biosensor.

4 Clinical Research: Milestones of regulations; FDA, US, Indian clinical research; global scenario of clinical research; Designing clinical trials; principles, scheme for conducting clinical trials; planning defining, objectives, variables, study populations, testable hypothesis, prediction of errors & bioselection of appropriate study design, Execution steps. Ethical Issues in clinical research; codes, declaration & guidelines; Informed concent, special issues, Roles & responsibilities of IRBS, issues with ethics review; ICH-GCP - History of ICH, Objectives, ICH structure, Guidelines & Future of ICH.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Medical Biotechnology, Judit Pongracz, Mary Keen, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2009.

SEM 6 THEORY 4 BBT43108 Animal & Insect Biotechnology L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Animal Cell Culture: Equipments & materials for animal cell culture technology. Various

systems of tissue culture; their distinguishing features, advantages & limitations. Culture medium; natural media, synthetic media, sera. Introduction to balanced salt solutions & simple growth medium. Brief discussion on the chemical, physical & metabolic functions of different constituents of culture medium; role of carbon dioxide, & and supplements.

2 Characteristics of cells in culture: Contact inhibition, anchorage dependence, cell-cell communication; Cell senescence; cell & tissue response to trophic factors.

3 IVF: In vitro fertilization & embryo transfer technology; Ethical issues. 4 Gene transfer, Gene therapy & Transgenics: Methods of gene transfer; Microinjection & viral

mediated gene transfer techniques; Production of transgenic animals & molecular farming. Principles of Ex vivo and In vivo gene therapy; Stem cell and its application. Production of Vaccines in animal Cells. Production & Applications of monoclonal antibodies; Transgenic animals.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Animal cell culture by R.I. Freshney. 2 Animal Biotechnology by P.Ramadas. 3 In vitro cultivation of Animal cells by Dr.C.K.Leach,Butterworth and Heinnmamm Ltd.1994.

SEM 6 THEORY 5 BBT43110 Stem Cell Biotechnology L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS

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1 Stem cell basics: Unique properties of stem cells; embryonic & adult stem cells; umbilical cord stem cells; similarities & differences between embryonic & adult stem cells; Properties of stem cells; pluripotency & totipotency.

2 Embryonic stem cells: In vitro fertilization; culturing of embryos; isolation of human embryonic stem cells; blastocyst; inner cell mass; growing ES cells; tests to identify ES cells; stimulation of ES cells for differentiation; properties of ES cells.

3 Adult stem cells: Somatic stem cells; test for identification; adult-stem cell differentiation; plasticity; different types of adult stem cells.

4 Stem cell in drug discovery & tissue engineering: Target identification; Manipulation of differentiation pathways; stem cell therapy & cell protection; stem cell in cellular assays for screening; stem cell based drug discovery; drug screening & toxicology.

5 Genetic engineering & therapeutic application of stem cells: Gene therapy; genetically engineered stem cells; stem cells & Animal cloning; transgenic animals & stem cells; Therapeutic applications; Parkinson disease; limb amputation; Neurological disorder; heart disease; spinal cord injuries; diabetes; burns; HLA typing; Alzheimer’s disease; tissue engineering application; production of complete organ; kidney, eyes, heart, brain.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Embryonic Stem cells by Kursad and Turksen. 2002.Humana Press. 2 Stem cell and future of regenerative medicine. By committee on the Biological and Biomedical

applications of Stem cell Research.2002.National Academic press. SEM 6 LAB 1 BBT43202 Immunotechnology Lab L-T-P = 0-0-3 Credit 2

EXP. LAB DETAILS 1 Staining of Blood film. 2 Blood grouping, Leukocyte count, To determine the Rh factor of given blood. 3 To perform immuno-electrophoresis. 4 To perform radial immuno-diffusion assay. 5 To stain a tissue by immuno-histochemical reaction. 6 To study quantitative precipitation assay. 7 To perform dot-ELISA. 8 To perform latex agglutination test. 9 To perform western blotting.

10 To study morphological & staining characteristics of lymphocytes - neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, & basophils.

11 To perform differential count (DLC) of given sample. SEM 6 LAB 2 BBT43204 Plant Biotechnology Lab L-T-P = 0-0-3 Credit 2

EXP. LAB DETAILS 1 Organizing plant Tissue culture Laboratory. 2 Preparation of Tissue Culture Media. 3 Callus Induction. 4 Shoot tip culture. 5 Embry/Endosperm Culture. 6 Somatic Embryogenesis. 7 Hardening and Planting infield.

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8 Isolation of protoplasts. 9 Cell suspension culture.

10 Economics of micropropagation project. SEM 6 LAB 3 BBT43206 Animal Biotechnology Lab L-T-P = 0-0-3 Credit 2

EXP. LAB DETAILS 1 Preparation of culture media & sterilization. 2 Organ & Fibroblast culture. 3 Adaptation of Animal virus in cell lines. 4 Study of effect of anti-cancer agent in cell culture. 5 MTT Assay. 6 Live cell counting. 7 Leukocyte culture. 8 Culture of spleen cells. 9 Myeloma cell culture.

10 Fusion of cells by PEG.

SEMESTER 7 SEM 7 THEORY 1 BBT44101 Food & Beverage

Biotechnology L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Preservation Technology: Spoilage of food; Food poisoning; Microbiology of water, milk,

meat, & vegetables; preservation of food by canning, dehydration, irradiation, & sterilization; Role of lactic acid in preservation in sauerkraut.

2 Food Production Technology: Fermented and semi-fermented food; Production of single cell protein; Yeast, mushroom; SCP for cattle feed. Genetically modified crop; safety aspects of genetically modified crops. Technology for Improved Process Enzymes in bakery & cereal products; Enzymes in fruit juice production; Enzymes in fat & oil production. Enzymes in cheese making & beverage production; Utilization of food wastes.

3 Analysis of major food ingredients: Analysis of preservative, natural & synthetic Food colour; Food flavor enhancing agents. Chemical safety measurement; Heavy metal, fungal toxins, bacterial toxins, herbicide, & Pesticide; detection & Quality control tests.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Jay JM, Loessner MJ and Golden DA. (2005). Modern Food Microbiology. 7thedition, CBS

Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, India. SEM 7 THEORY 2 BBT44103 Environmental Biotechnology L-T-P = 3-1-0 Credit 4

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Introduction to environmental pollutants: Water, Soil & Air; sources & effects. Removal of

Pollutants; Sources of Heavy Metal Pollution; Microbial Systems for Heavy Metal Accumulation; Biosorption and detoxification mechanisms.

2 Microbiology & biochemistry of waste water treatment: Biological Treatment of anaerobic & aerobic; methanogenesis, methanogenic, acetogenic, & fermentative bacteria; technical process & conditions; Use of Genetically Engineered Organisms; emerging biotechnological

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processes in waste-water treatment; Applications include treatment of municipal & industrial wastewaters.

3 Biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds: Xenobiotic compounds; Aliphatic, Aromatic, Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons, Polycyclic aromatic compounds; Pesticides, Surfactants & microbial treatment of oil pollution.

4 Biotransformations & biocatalysts: Basic organic reaction mechanisms; Common prejudices against Enzymes; Advantages and Disadvantages of Biocatalysts; Isolated Enzymes vs whole cell systems; Mechanistic Aspects & Enzyme Sources; Biocatalytic Applications; Catalytic Antibodies; Stoichiometry, kinetics, & thermodynamics of microbial processes for the transformation of environmental contaminants.

5 Biooxidation and microbial leaching: Biooxidation; Direct & Indirect Mechanisms; Biooxidation Kinetics; Bacterial oxidation of Sphalerite, Chalcopyrite & Pyrite; Extraction of metals from ores; Recovery of metals from solutions; Microbes in petroleum extraction; Microbial desulfurization of coal.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Environmental Microbiology, W.D. Grant & P.E. Long, Blakie, Glassgow and London. 2 Environmental Biotechnology by Bruce Rittmann and Perry McCarty.

SEM 7 THEORY 3 BBT44105 Protein Engineering L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Protein engineering: Introduction to steps of Protein design & Engineering; protein splicing &

its application; Solid-phase peptide synthesis; Production of Novel Proteins; Random & site-directed mutagenesis; Expressing Recombinant Proteins; classification of Proteins structures; Crystallography & X-Ray Diffraction; Spectroscopy - UV-VIS, NMR & Fluorescence Spectroscopy & Calorimetric Methods; Industrial applications of Protein Engineering; Design of polymeric biomaterials; nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as a model for a super family of ligand; gated ion channel proteins.

2 Protein stability & folding: Overview of protein structure; Higher level structure, Protein stability; Mechanism of protein folding (types, level, thermodynamics, Anfinsen's dogma, Levinthol paradox and kinetics); Ramchandran plot; Folding Rate; Molten globule; Techniques for studying of protein folding; NMR, CD spectroscopy; Proteolysis, Optical tweezers; Computational method; Location & functions of Molecular chaperones, chaperonin & co-chaperons, HSP chaperone system in E. coli and Human; Proteasomes & proteosome mediated protein degradation; Protein folding errors; Alzheimer's, prions & Mad Cow (BSE, CJD); Cystic Fibrosis & cancer. Polyketides & non-ribosomal peptides; Combinational manipulation of polyketides & non-ribosomal peptides; application of protein folding to design new drug.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Protein engineering and design by Paul R. Carey, academic press, 1996.

SEM 7 ELECTIVE 1 BBT44107 Biofertilizer L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Introduction: Concept & its need in organic farming. Types and its applications viz Rhizobium

Bio fertilizer, Azotobacter Bio fertilizer, Azospirillum Bio fertilizer, Azolla & BGA Bio fertilizers, VAM Bio fertilizer, PSB Bio fertilizer.

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2 Methodology: Brief methodology of manufacturing biofertilizers viz. bacterial fertilizer, fungal fertilizer, green manure, organic manure, worm manure, vermiculture.

3 Applications: Difference between chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers / biomanures. Trading some names of chemical fertilizers and organic manure / fertilizer. Why organic manures are becoming popular in agricultural sectors. Name some agri-industries where chemical fertilizers are used or restricted. Constrains of biofertilizers. Introduction to business opportunities for biofertilizers.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Biotechnology of Biofertilizers edited by Sadasivam Kannaiyan. 2 Handbook of Microbial Biofertilizers edited by Mahendra Rai.

SEM 7 ELECTIVE 2 BBT44109 Biopesticides L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Introduction: Definition and brief concept. Types of biopesticides. Integrated pest

management-concepts and components; host plant resistance-biological control of insect pests; What are biopesticides? Useful genes from microorganisms for agriculture (herbicide resistant, Bt, viral). Biological Control – Use of Baculovirus, NPV virus, protozoa & fungi in biological control. Neem as biopesticideRegulating biopesticides - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

2 Applications: Biopesticides and organic database for IPM - IR-4 Project. Farmers shift towards virtually non-toxic alternatives for pest-control. Pesticide registration manual: additional considerations for biopesticide products. Biopesticide registration tools.

3 Advantages & disadvantages: Constrains of biopesticides production and commercial uses. Advantages of biopesticides.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Microbial Biopesticides edited by Opender Koul, G. S. Dhaliwal. 2 Biopesticides for Sustainable Agriculture: prospects and constraints edited by Nutan Kaushik.

SEM 7 ELECTIVE 3 BBT44111 Biocatalysis L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Characteristics of Biocatalysis: The use of modern genetic techniques, which are used in

biocatalysis - sequencing, various types of PCR, RDT for biocatalyst preparation, Enzyme catalysis, sources and reasons for the activity of enzymes as catalysts; Chemoenzymatic biocatalysis, combining chemical catalysts with enzyme, one-pot reaction Current penetration of biocatalysis; Isolation and preparation of microorganism – Screening of enzyme activities, strain development, extremophiles.

2 Kinetics: Kinetic modeling, Ideal kinetics and reactors, enzymes with unfavourable binding, reactor engineering, influence of immobilization, deactivation kinetics, E-value and its optimization; multienzymatic reactions.

3 Industrial Application of biocatalysts: Laundry detergents, textile industry, pulp and paper industry, animal feed. Fine chemicals industry, food industry, towards crop protection chemicals, large scale pharma intermediates.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Biocatalysis, A.s. Bommarius and B.R. Riebel, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, 2004.

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SEM 7 ELECTIVE 4 BBT44113 Molecular modeling & drug

design L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Quantum mechanics and concepts in molecular modeling: Introduction to quantum

mechanics; postulates; Schrodinger wave equation; Born-Oppenheimer approximation. 2 Empirical force fields molecular mechanism: Stretching of Bond; Bending of Angle; Torsional

terms; bonding motions; Electrostatic interactions; Van Der Waals interactions; Effective pair Potentials; Hydrogen Bonding; Simulation of liquid water. derived & non-derived energy minimization method; simplex, sequential univariate method; steepest descent method; conjugate gradient method; Newton-Rapson method.

3 Computer simulation methods: Thermodynamic properties; Phase space; Practical aspects of computer simulation; Boundaries monitoring Equilibrium; Long range Process; Analyzing result of simulation & estimating errors.

4 Molecular dynamics simulation methods: Molecular Dynamics using simple modules; Molecular Dynamics with continuous potentials; Running Molecular Dynamics simulation; Time dependent properties; Constant dynamics; Molecular Dynamics at constant temp & pressure; Monte Carlo simulation methods; Analyzing the Results of a Simulation & Estimating Errors.

5 Metropolis methods: Monte Carlo simulation of molecules & polymers; chemical potentials; Monte Carlo or Molecular Dynamics, Molecular modeling to discover & design new molecules.

6 Molecular modeling in drug discovery: Deriving & using 3D Pharma cores; Molecular docking; De novo ligand design; structure based drug design; pharmacophores; Simple Thermodynamic Properties & Phase Space.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 A.R Leach, Molecular Modeling Principles and Applications, Longman, 1996. 2 J.M. Haile , Molecular Dynamics Simulation Elementary methods, , John Wiley and Sons ,1997.

SEM 7 ELECTIVE 5 BBT44115 Protein-DNA Interaction L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Central dogma & bacterial gene expression: Prokaryotic gene expression; chemical &

physical structure of DNA, chemical & physical structure of proteins; Levels of structures in proteins, internal rotation angles, Ramachandran plot, Forces stabilizing the structure of proteins & DNA; Olson-Flory plot; base-pairing & stacking.

2 Thermodynamics & the lac repressor: Law of mass action; statistical mechanics & operator occupancy; entropy, enthalpy; lac repressor complex; kinetics of repressor-DNA interaction & reaction kinetics; Debye-Smoluchowski theory; BWH theory; indirect read-out & induced fit.

3 Eukaryotic gene expression: Chromatin condensation; White’s theorem; Worm-like chain, circular DNA, persistence length, nucleosomes & the Marky-Manning transition; protein-DNA interaction under tension; Force-extension curves; RST model; structural sequence sensitivity, thermal fluctuations.

4 Macro-ions & aqueous electrostatistics: Primitive model; ion-free, DH regime; Oosawa theory; Manning condensation; charge renormalization; free energy; Counter-ion release & non-specific protein-DNA interaction; counter-ion release, nucleosome foration; isoelectric instability.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS

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1 Biophysical Chemistry, Cantor.R. Samuel.P.R., W.H.Freeman & Co. 2 Physics of Protein-DNA Interaction, R.F. Bruinsma, Elsevier.

SEM 7 LAB 1 BBT44201 Food & Environmental

Biotechnology Lab L-T-P = 0-0-3 Credit 2

EXP. LAB DETAILS 1 Qualitative analysis of the soil from different locations for pH & different water soluble

cations & anions. 2 Quantitative estimation of oxidisable organic matter in soil, carbonate and bicarbonates by

volumetry and calcium and magnesium by EDTA titration. 3 Hardness of water by EDTA titration. 4 Study of pH and conductivity of tap water and polluted water. 5 Methods of screening of microorganisms with amylolytic and proteolytic activity. 6 Construction and use of reporter gene fusions. 7 Isolation of amino acid and proteins: cystine, Egg albumin, globulin, milk casein. 8 Starch preparation and characterization. 9 Alpha and Beta amylolysis.

10 Analysis of organic compounds from soils. SEM 7 LAB 2 BBT44401 Project Work I L-T-P = 0-0-6 Credit 4

PROJECT DETAILS Every student will be required to undertake a research project based on any of the areas of animal, plant or microbial biotechnology and bioinformatics. The project report will be submitted in the form of dissertation duly certified by the supervisor of School of Biotechnology or at any national institutes and Universities in India. The project work will be presented for evaluation at the end of semester by external expert (Part 1). SEM 7 LAB 3 BBT44601 Industrial Training L-T-P = 0-0-0 Credit 2

TRAINING DETAILS An industrial training of minimum two weeks has to be undergone by the student in the summer vacation of the VI semester.

SEMESTER 8 SEM 8 THEORY 1 BBT44102 Bioethics, Biosafety & IPR L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Biosafety-regulatory framework for gmos in india: Regulatory structure in India governing

GMOs; recombinant DNA Advisory Committee, Institutional Biosafety Committee, Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation; Genetic Engineering Approval Committee; State Biosafety Coordination Committee, District Level Committee; Prevention Food Adulteration Act (1955); Recombinant DNA Guidelines (1990); Rules for the manufacture, use / import / export & storage of hazardous microorganisms / genetically engineered organisms or cells (Ministry of Environment and Forests Notification, 1989); Revised Guidelines for Research in Transgenic Plants (1998); Seed Policy (2002); Plant Quarantine Order (2003); The Food Safety

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and Standards Bill (2005); Regulation for Import of GM Products Under Foreign Trade Policy (2006-2007); National Environment Policy (2006).

2 Biosafety-regulatory framework for gmos at international level: Convention of Biological Diversity (1992); Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety; Objectives & salient features of Cartagena Protocol; Advanced Information Agreement (AIA) procedure; procedures for GMOs intended for direct use; risk assessment; risk management-handling; transport, packaging & identification of GMOs; Biosafety Clearing House; unintentional trans-boundary movement of GMOs; Benefits of Cartagena Protocol; status of execution in India.

3 Bioethics: The legal & socioeconomic impacts of biotechnology; Public education of the process of biotechnology; ethical concerns of biotechnology research & innovation.

4 Intellectual property rights: Intellectual property rights; TRIP, GATT, International conventions patents & methods of application of patents; Legal implications; Biodiversity & farmer rights.

5 Patents & patent laws: Objectives of the patent system; Basic principles & general requirements of patent law; biotechnological inventions & patent law; Legal development; Patentable subjects & protection in biotechnology; patenting living organisms.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Beier, F.K., Crespi, R.S. and Straus, T. Biotechnology and Patent protection-Oxford and IBH

Publishing Co. New Delhi. 2 Singh K, Intellectual Property rights on Biotechnology, BCIL, New Delhi. 3 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2006) Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of

India, New Delhi. SEM 8 ELECTIVE 1 BBT44104 Mushroom Culture L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Introduction: Definition and brief concept. Types of mushrooms. 2 Methods: What are the congenial weather of growing each type of mushroom. Cultivation

methods of each type of mushroom. Constrains of mushroom cultivation. 3 Use: Uses of mushrooms: domestic uses, medicinal uses and industrial uses of mushrooms.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Mushroom Culture By William Robinson. 2 The Mushroom Cultivator: A Practical Guide to Growing Mushrooms at Home. Paul Stamets,

Jeff S. Chilton. Agarikon Press, 1983. SEM 8 ELECTIVE 2 BBT44106 Soil Profile, Horizon &

Conditioning L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Introduction: What is soil profile? Pedological and Edaphologicalconcept, :Soil formation:

Dockuchaiev, Jenny concept, soil forming factors: passive & active factors, age of soil, Fundamental processes of soil formationDifferent process of soil formation like podzolization, laterization etc. horizon and conditioning. Need of soil conditioning. Method of soil conditioning.

2 Property: Physical and chemical property of soil. What is balanced soil for plant growth. 3 Applications: What is macro and micro-nutrients of soil. Need of soil testing. Remote Sensing

and Geographical Information System for Natural Resource Management and Land Use

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Planning. BOOKS BOOK DETAILS

1 Reclamative Soil Science. Plyusnin Biotech Books, 2004. SEM 8 ELECTIVE 3 BBT44108 Bioterrorism L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Definition: Traditional & new terrorists; Nuclear, chemical, & radiological weapons;

psychology of bioterrorism; Historical perspective; Primary classes of Microbes - bacteria, virus, & other agents; Immune system; Interaction between microbes & the immune system.

2 Characteristics of microbes & the reasons for their use: Symptoms; Pathogenecity; epidemiology; natural & targeted release; techniques of dispersal, & case studies of Anthrax; Plague, Botulism, Small pox, Tularemia & VHF.

3 Surveillance & detection: Detection equipment & sensors; Diagnosis, Treatment, Vaccinations; Supplies, Effectiveness, Liability; Public resistance, Response; First responders; Infectious control; Hospital, Prevention, Protection, Decontamination; Notification; Role of Law enforcement; Economic impact.

4 Ethical issues: Personal, national; cost-benefit ratios; Information management; Government control & industry support; Microbial forensics.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 Bioterrorism: Guidelines for Medical and Public Health Management, Henderson, Donald,

American Medical Association, 1st Edition,2002. 2 Biological Weapons: Limiting the Threat (BCSIA Studies in International Security), Lederberg,

Joshua (Editor), MIT Press ,1999. 3 Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century (Emerging Infectious

Diseases of the 21st Century), I.W. Fong and Kenneth Alibek, Springer, 2005. SEM 8 ELECTIVE 4 BBT44110 Biomining L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Commercial applications of thermophile bioleaching: Copper processing technologies; in situ

leaching, smelting, concentrate leaching; Heap & dump leaching; Thermophilic Heap bioleaching; Basic heap design & importance of heat generation; sulfur availability; microbial activity, inoculation, pH, inhibitory factors, heat retention, air-flow rate & irrigation rate.

2 Geobiotics geocoat technology: GEOCOAT & GEOLEACH technologies; complementary Geobiotics technologies; GEOCOAT process, advantages; the Agnes mine GEOCOAT project; developing technologies.

3 Genetic adaptability of biomining microorganisms to industrial process: Biooxidation of minerals; General chemistry of mineral biooxidation; advantages of biooxidation; types of organisms, general physiology of mineral-degrading bacteria; autotrophy; nitrogen, phosphate & trace elements; Energy production; iron, sulfur oxidation; adaptability of biomining microorganisms; metal tolerance & resistance.

4 Detecting & identifying acidophilic microorganisms: Biodiversity of acidophilic microorganisms; techniques for detecting & quantifying microbial life in mineral oxidizing Environments; cultivation dependent approaches; PCR based microbial identification & community analysis; PCR independent molecular detection & identification of acidophiles; future perspectives on molecular techniques for detection & identification of acidophiles.

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5 Downstream processing of plant derived recombinant therapeutic proteins: Relevant biochemical & chemical reactions; Genetics of bioleaching microorganisms; Iron & sulfur oxidation & reduction in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans; sulfur oxidation; ferric iron & sulfur reduction in Acidiothiobacillus ferrooxidans; Iron oxidation in other bioleaching microorganisms; Ferroplasma sp., Leptospirillum sp, Metallosphaera sedula; sulfur oxidation in other bioleaching microorganisms.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1

SEM 8 LAB 1 BBT44402 Project Work II L-T-P = 0-0-12 Credit 8

PROJECT DETAILS Every student will be required to undertake a research project based on any of the areas of animal, plant or microbial biotechnology and bioinformatics. The project report will be submitted in the form of dissertation duly certified by the supervisor of School of Biotechnology or at any national institutes and Universities in India. The project work will be presented for evaluation at the end of semester by external expert (Part 2). SEM 8 LAB 2 BBT44502 Report, Seminar &

Comprehensive Viva-Voce on Project Work

L-T-P = 0-0-0 Credit 8

PROJECT DETAILS Each student will submit dissertation and deliver seminar on their project work under the supervision of a faculty member. The comprehensive seminar on the project work will be evaluated by external expert.

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SEM 2 THEORY 5 SBT41108 Life Sciences L-T-P = 3-0-0 Credit 3

UNIT COURSE DETAILS 1 Basic cell biology & biochemistry: Introduction; Living Organisms; Cells and Cell theory, Cell

Structure and Function; Cell growth, reproduction, and differentiation; Cell division, cell cycle and apoptosis; Cell metabolism, ATP synthesis and Glycolysis; Respiration and photosynthesis. Chemical bonds; Non-covalent interactions and free energy changes in biological processes; Human body as a thermodynamic system; Biochemistry and Human biology; Stem cells and Tissue engineering. Carbohydrates; Lipids; Proteins: structure and sequencing; DNA structure and sequence, replication, recombination, genetic code and protein synthesis; RNA synthesis; Recombinant DNA technology.

2 Enzymes, fermentation technology and industrial applications: Enzymes: mechanism, kinetics and inhibition; Biological catalysts, Proteases, Carbonic anhydrase, Restriction enzymes, and Nucleoside monophosphate kinases. Introduction and scope of microbial processes; industrial cultures and maintenance. Production of Industrial Alcohol. Brewing and malting, manufacture of wine and other distilled liquors. Microbial Foods – Food, Fodder and Baker's yeast, applications of the nonconventional raw materials; Nutritional characteristics of food yeast, mushroom production; Vitamins- Vitamin B-2, Riboflavin, Soya-sauce & cheese production. Mechanism of each fermentation, their uses. Production of Amino acids and Antibiotics and its new Developments. Production of Organic Acids its spoilage and prevention. Biosensors; Bio-Micro devices.

3 Human physiology and immune system: Physiology of cells and molecules; cellular physiology of the nervous system; cardiovascular and respiratory systems; gastrointestinal and renal systems; endocrine and reproductive systems. Immune system; General principles of cell signaling. Disease control, Biological Hazards and safety; Unsolved Problems in Biology.

BOOKS BOOK DETAILS 1 S. ThyagaRajan, N. Selvamurugan, M. P. Rajesh, R. A. Nazeer, Richard W. Thilagaraj, S.

Barathi, and M. K. Jaganathan, "Biology for Engineers," Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2012.

school of biotechnology -...

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