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Page 1: Schoenfeld - Metabolic Resist Training - Final 13... · Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit) • Combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise • Metabolic effectseffects
Page 2: Schoenfeld - Metabolic Resist Training - Final 13... · Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit) • Combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise • Metabolic effectseffects

Metabolic Resistance Training:  Strategies to Optimize Fat Loss andStrategies to Optimize Fat Loss and Enhance Muscular Adaptations

Brad Schoenfeld, MSc, CSCS, CSPS, NSCA‐CPTCPT

www.workout911.com

Page 3: Schoenfeld - Metabolic Resist Training - Final 13... · Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit) • Combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise • Metabolic effectseffects

What Is Metabolic Resistance Training (MRT)?What Is Metabolic Resistance Training (MRT)?

• An exercise regimen designed to maximize calorie burn and increase metabolic rate 

• Two componentsp– Calories burned during exercise

– Calories burned post‐exercise

Page 4: Schoenfeld - Metabolic Resist Training - Final 13... · Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit) • Combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise • Metabolic effectseffects

Calories Burned During Exercise• Three possible substrates

– Carbohydrate (glycogen, glucose)

– Fat (adipocytes, i l )intramuscular)

– Protein

Page 5: Schoenfeld - Metabolic Resist Training - Final 13... · Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit) • Combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise • Metabolic effectseffects

GlycolysisGlycolysis• Glucose and glycogen enter 

the glycolytic pathway • End product is ATP and 

pyruvatepyruvate– Under anaerobic conditions 

pyruvate ferments into lactate (fast glycolysis)

– Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted intopyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA and enters the Krebs Cycle (slow glycolysis)

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Beta OxidationBeta‐Oxidation

• Fatty acids are cleaved from triglycerides and metabolized in the mitochondria

• End product is acetyl CoA, which then enters Krebs Cycle

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Protein OxidationProtein Oxidation

• Amino acids can beAmino acids can be glucogenic, ketogenic, or bothor both

• During exercise the branched chain aminobranched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine)isoleucine, and valine) are primarily oxidized

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The EPOC AdvantageThe EPOC Advantage

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MRT, EPOC and Metabolism• Can last for 72 hours or more 

post‐workout amounting to an p gadditional ~300 calories burned (Heden et al., 2011)

• Intensity of effort has greatest impact on EPOC– Greater effort equals greater EPOC– Greater effort equals greater EPOC 

(La Forgia et al., 2006)

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The Hormonal Influence on EPOC• Catecholamines• Catecholamines

– Responsible for liberating free fatty acids from adipocytes– Highly correlated with both magnitude and duration of EPOCHighly correlated with both magnitude and duration of EPOC (Imamura et al., 2004)

• Growth hormone (GH) has both anabolic and catabolic properties.– Facilitates lipolysis from adipocytesMakes adipocytes more sensitive to catecholamines– Makes adipocytes more sensitive to catecholamines

– Post‐exercise fat utilization directly related to training‐induced GH levels (Moller et al., 1992; Pritzlaff et al., 2000) 

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MRT and Fat Loss• Resistance training can have an even greaterhave an even greater impact on fat burning than aerobic exercisethan aerobic exercise (Scott et al. 2011) 

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Key Point!Key Point!

• Focus on Calories Burned, Not Fat!!!– The human body is a very dynamic organism and 

continually adjusts its use of fat for fuel (Sonko etcontinually adjusts its use of fat for fuel (Sonko et al., 2005). 

– Fat burning must be considered over the course of an entire day not on an hour to hour basis toan entire day — not on an hour to hour basis — to get a meaningful perspective on its impact on body composition (Hansen et al, 2005).If you burn more carbohydrate during a workout– If you burn more carbohydrate during a workout, you inevitably burn more fat in the post‐exercise period.

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Benefits for Hypertrophy?Benefits for Hypertrophy?• MRT can enhanceMRT can enhance lactate clearance and reduce H+ accumulationreduce H+ accumulation (Hill‐Haas et al., 2007; Edge et al 2006)Edge et al., 2006)– Better inroading of muscle fibers at a givenmuscle fibers at a given submaximal training intensity

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MRT Principles of PracticeMRT Principles of Practice1. Work all the major muscles each session! 

2. Pack more exercise into less time!

3. Speed up the positive

4. Accentuate the negative!

5. Train at near maximal levels of effort!

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MRT Principle #1MRT Principle #1 

• Work all the major muscles each session!Work all the major muscles each session! – Focus on large muscle groups using multi‐joint movementsmovements

• The metabolic cost of an exercise is directly related to the amount of muscle worked (Elliot et al. 1992)

• Train three, non‐consecutive days a week (i.e. Monday, Wednesday, Friday) to optimize metabolic stress while allowing for adequate recuperationallowing for adequate recuperation.

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MRT Principle #2• Pack more exercise into less time!

– High repetitions (15‐20 reps per set) have been g p ( p p )shown to promote greater total energy expenditure than higher intensity lifts (>70% 1RM) (Scott et al., 2011)

– Limiting rest intervals between sets (< 30 seconds) significantly increases caloric expenditure (Haltom et al., 1999 ).  

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MRT Principle #3MRT Principle #3• Speed up the positive!p p p

– Perform concentric lifts explosively without getting 

( )sloppy (~1 sec). • Allows the use of a higher intensity of load at a given RMy g

– “Superslow" training suboptimal from a metabolic 

ti (H t t lperspective (Hunter et al., 2003). 

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MRT Principle #4MRT Principle #4

A t t th ti !• Accentuate the negative!– Eccentric component found to be particularly b fi i l i i i EPOCbeneficial in increasing EPOC

• Using a 1 second up, 3 seconds down tempo increased post‐exercise metabolic rate for 72 hours as opposed topost exercise metabolic rate for 72 hours as opposed to only 15 hours for a 1:1 tempo (Dolezal et al., 2000)

• Theorized that increased muscle damage associated with eccentric training requires greater energy consumption for post‐exercise repair

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MRT Principle #5MRT Principle #5

• Train at near maximal levels of effort!– Higher intensity of effort increases both calories b d d i (S tt t lburned during (Scott et al., 2011) and after (La Forgia et al 2006) workoutal., 2006) workout.

Page 20: Schoenfeld - Metabolic Resist Training - Final 13... · Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit) • Combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise • Metabolic effectseffects

MRT Performance Strategies

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Circuit Training BasicsCircuit Training Basics

• Defined as a series of exercises performed inDefined as a series of exercises performed in succession with as little rest as possible.– The energy cost of a circuit training session has– The energy cost of a circuit training session has been estimated to be approximately 7 kcal/kg/hr (Wilmore et al., 1978). ( , )

– Circuit training has greater effects on the magnitude and duration of EPOC than traditional gforms of strength training (Murphy and Schwarzkopf, 1992).

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Ci it T i i K P i tCircuit Training: Key Point

• Limiting rest between sets more important for fat loss than amount of load– Circuit‐style training at 50% of 1RM using 30 seconds rest between sets had greater effect on EPOC than a traditional training protocol using g p g80% 1RM with 120 seconds rest (Murphy and Schwarzkopf, 1992)

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Circuit Training SpecificsCircuit Training Specifics

Set up exercise stations to Set up exercise  stations to work muscles in a push/pull fashionS i h b d d Start with upper body and 

proceed to the lower body Move from one exercise to the next with minimal rest (ideally < 10 seconds). Perform three circuits inPerform three circuits in total. 

Page 24: Schoenfeld - Metabolic Resist Training - Final 13... · Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit) • Combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise • Metabolic effectseffects

Circuit Training Video ExampleCircuit Training Video Example

Page 25: Schoenfeld - Metabolic Resist Training - Final 13... · Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit) • Combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise • Metabolic effectseffects

Sample Circuit RoutineSample Circuit RoutineExercise Reps Rest Interval

DB Shoulder Press ~20 Minimal

Lat Pulldown ~20 Minimal

Close Grip Cable Row ~20 MinimalClose Grip Cable Row 20 Minimal

Close Grip BB Incline Press ~20 Minimal

Wide Grip BB Row ~20 Minimal

DB I li P 20 Mi i lDB Incline Press ~20 Minimal

Bulgarian Split Squat ~20 Minimal

Romanian Deadlift ~20 Minimal

Alternating Lateral Lunge ~20 Minimal

Hamstring Curl ~20 Minimal

Page 26: Schoenfeld - Metabolic Resist Training - Final 13... · Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit) • Combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise • Metabolic effectseffects

Superset BasicsSuperset Basics• Defined as two exercises performed one after the other 

without restwithout rest– Increases training density – Subjects performing supersets showed significantly greaterSubjects performing supersets showed significantly greater energy expenditure compared with a traditional strength training protocol (Kelleher et al., 2010)

• Agonist/antagonist supersets– Shown to increase EPOC and result in greater total energy expenditure when compared to traditional strength trainingexpenditure when compared to traditional strength training protocols (Kelleher et al., 2010).

– Reciprocal innervation heightens force output 

Page 27: Schoenfeld - Metabolic Resist Training - Final 13... · Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit) • Combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise • Metabolic effectseffects

Superset SpecificsSuperset Specifics• Set up agonist/antagonist stations so that you 

bl t i kl b t iare able to move quickly between exercises.• Perform a set of the first exercise and then go directly to the second movement. 

• Rest for approximately 30 seconds, and then perform two additional supersets. 

• Once you finish, expeditiously proceed to the Once you finish, expeditiously proceed to thenext agonist/antagonist pairing and so on until all muscle groups have been worked.g p

Page 28: Schoenfeld - Metabolic Resist Training - Final 13... · Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit) • Combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise • Metabolic effectseffects

Superset Training Video ExampleSuperset Training Video Example

Page 29: Schoenfeld - Metabolic Resist Training - Final 13... · Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit) • Combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise • Metabolic effectseffects

Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit)Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit)

• Combination of resistance training andCombination of resistance training and aerobic exercise

• Metabolic effects not well studied but• Metabolic effects not well studied but preliminary evidence shows greater fat loss benefits compared to circuit trainingbenefits compared to circuit training (Monteiro et al., 2008)S d h i l b i• Sound theoretical basis– Increased training density

Page 30: Schoenfeld - Metabolic Resist Training - Final 13... · Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit) • Combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise • Metabolic effectseffects

Combo Training SpecificsCombo Training Specifics

• Perform a set of an exercise follow itPerform a set of an exercise, follow it immediately with a short bout of moderate‐intensity aerobics and then repeat forintensity aerobics, and then repeat for another couple of sets. 

• Once you perform three sets of an exercise• Once you perform three sets of an exercise, move to the next exercise as quickly as possiblepossible.

Page 31: Schoenfeld - Metabolic Resist Training - Final 13... · Combo Training (a.k.a. Supercircuit) • Combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise • Metabolic effectseffects

Combo Training Video ExampleCombo Training Video Example

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ReferencesReferences• Burgomaster KA, Howarth KR, Phillips SM, Rakobowchuk M, Macdonald MJ, McGee SL, Gibala MJ. Similar 

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• Imamura H, Shibuya S, Uchida K, Teshima K, Masuda R, Miyamoto N. Effect of moderate exercise on excess post‐exercise oxygen consumption and catecholamines in young women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2004 Mar;44(1):23‐9

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training on anaerobic capacity and VO2max. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28 (10): 1327–30• Wilmore JH, Parr RB, Ward P, Vodak PA, Barstow TJ, Pipes TV, Grimditch G, Leslie P. Energy cost of circuit weight training. 

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