scandinavian gothic

7/26/2019 Scandinavian Gothic

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SCANDINAVIA

NGOTHICAbdullah Alshehri

201331810

ARC110


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Introduction

candinavia re!i"n "# N $ur"%e& I' c"nsis's "# 'he

(in!d")s "# S*eden N"r*a+ and Den)ar(,-inland and Iceland are usuall+ c"nsidered %ar' "#

Scandinavia&1SEarly HistoryThe Scandinavian c"un'ries are rich inar'i#ac's and "b.ec's "# archae"l"!ical in'eres' da'in!#r") 'he end "# 'he Ice

A!e 'hr"u!h 'he /r"neA!e 'he Cel'ic andGer)anic Ir"n A!es and'he Vi(in! %eri"d&Nu)er"us ne ea)%les"# earl+ Scandinavian ar'are in 'he c"llec'i"ns "#'he )useu)s "#C"%enha!en andS'"c(h"l)&

The Early Christian

eri"d Church buildin! beca)e 'he %rinci%al ar'is'icac'ivi'+ *hen Scandinavia *as Chris'ianied in 'he 11'h

cen'ur+& The *""den s'av(ir(e a )edieval churchdec"ra'ed *i'h !r"'es4ue !ures is uni4ue '" 'hisre!i"n, ea)%les re)ain "nl+ in N"r*a+ *here i' *as)"s' %revalen'& The ca'hedral a' 5und S*eden be!un in1086 reveals 5")bard in7uence, G"'hic ele)en's%red")ina'e in 'he ca'hedrals "# 5in(%in! and S(ara&The island "# G"'land %r"duced nu)er"us scul%'ural andarchi'ec'ural )as'er*"r(s "# 'he G"'hic %eri"d& The


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ca'hedral a' Tr"ndhei) be!un in 'he 12'h cen'ur+ bearsa rese)blance '" $n!lish G"'hic archi'ec'ure&2

Scandinavian !"'hic

"'hic i' is an e%ressi"n s")e'i)es used '" den"'ein "ne !eneral 'er) and dis'in!uish #r") 'heAn'i4ue 'h"se %eculiar )"des "r s'+les in *hich

)"s' "# "ur ecclesias'ical and )an+ "# "ur d")es'icedices "# 'he )iddle a!es have been buil'& In a )"rec"nned sense i' c")%rehends 'h"se s'+les "nl+ in*hich 'he %"in'ed arch %red")ina'es and i' is 'hen "#'enused '" dis'in!uish such #r") 'he )"re ancien' An!l"9Sa"n and N"r)an s'+les&3

G

The earlier G"'hic in S*eden *as deni'el+ -rench in"ri!in and s'"ne buil':'hen in 'he #'een'h cen'ur+ 'he+buil' )"re in bric(6&-inland *as c"nsiderabl+ in7uencedb+ *"r( in S*eden and )uch "# 'he %"r'able scul%'urederived #r") S*eden& The c"un'r+ churches arei)%"r'an' #"r 'heir ecellen'l+ %reserved sche)es "#%ain'ed dec"ra'i"nN"r*a+ se%ara'ed #r") S*eden b+

al)"s' i)%assable ran!es "# )"un'ains and in 'he;iddle A!es de%endin! u%"n sea 'rans%"r' #r") "rd '""rd na'urall+ derived i's ar' #r") i's neares' )ari'i)enei!hb"urs in /ri'ain6

There are in #ac' a' leas' 'hree )ain "nes acr"ssScandinavia each *i'h i's "*n G"'hic&

In the north c"verin! N"r*a+ and 'he Isles $n!lishin7uence is s" s'r"n! 'ha' )uch "# 'he s'"ne buildin! is


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%rac'icall+ a 'rans%lan'a'i"n& /u' here 'he *""den)as'churches %reserve an "lder na'ive 'radi'i"n *hichhad s")e e


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Trondhjem

Cathedral

he %lan "# 'he "ri!inal church *i'h cen'ral '"*er

'ranse%'s *i'h s4uare %r".ec'in! eas'ern cha%elsand clas%in! bu''resses rese)bles 'ha' "# S'&;a!nus in Or(ne+ and "'her ca'hedrals *i'hin 'he s%here"# N"rse in7uence@ I"na and Cashel& /u' in i's la'erdevel"%)en's i' beca)e al)"s' *h"ll+ $n!lish andhi!hl+ eclec'ic ch""sin! %lan and de'ails #r") 'he bes'and )"s' recen' s"urces& The *es' #r"n' *i'h '"*ers

"u'side 'he aisles and 'he "c'a!"n eas' "# 'he ch"ir !ive'he %lan cl"se si)ilari'+ '" ells *hile de'ails andsha#'in! are derived #r") 'he *"r( "# ;as'er Aleandera' 5inc"ln& There is %r"babl+ als" direc' in7uence #r") S'&Albans br"u!h' b+ ;a''he* aris, his visi' c"incided *i'ha %eri"d "# ener!e'ic *"r( and he *as %ar'icularl+c"ncerned *i'h 'he church a


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"# 1328& These includescreens and 'ri#"riu) in'he "c'a!"n and 'he !rea'screen a' i's en'rance #r")'he ch"ir&

Tr"ndh.) Ca'hedral *es'#r"n'

Tr"ndh.) Ca'hedralscreen "# "c'a!"n a#'er

1328& $n!lish de'ail "# 'heCan'erbur+ sch""l

Rosilde

Cathedral

R"s(ilde Ca'hedral *as 'hers' G"'hic ca'hedral in

Scandinavia c"ns'ruc'ed "# red bric(& I' has been called'he B)"s' i)%"r'an' ecclesias'ical buildin! buil' "# redbric( in n"r'hern $ur"%e&The G"'hic ca'hedral *asnished b+ 1280 'h"u!h i's devel"%)en' *as #ar #r")"ver& Thr"u!h"u' !enera'i"ns s'ee%les '"*ers andcha%els *ere added& $ach had i's "*n s'+le #r") 'heDanish la'e G"'hic B%"rchB "# Olu# ;"r'ensen '" 'he

s'e%%ed #acade "# 'he Du'ch Renaissance Cha%el "#Chris'ian IV '" 'he d")ed ne"9 classical Cha%el "#


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-rederic( V&

R"s(ilde Ca'hedral -l""r lan


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R"s(ilde Ca'hedral& Side aisle


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R"s(ilde Ca'hedral


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R"s(ilde Ca'hedral es' -r"n'


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R"s(ilde Ca'hedral 9 Se%ulchre "# -rederi( V


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R"s(ilde Ca'hedral 'he al'er


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!ppsala Cathedral

The ca'hedral is 'he 'alles'church buildin! in Scandinavia&I's hei!h' "# 118&E ) is 'he

sa)e as i's len!'h *hile i' has abread'h "# :6 )& The hei!h'inside is 2E)e'res&The church *as desi!ned in 'he-rench Hi!h G"'hic s'+le b+

-rench )as'er builders includin!F'ienne de /"nneuil& /uil' hi!h"n a !ravel rid!e s"u'h*es' "#'he River -+ris i's 5a'in cr"ss!r"und %lan c"nsis's "# a 'hree9aisled basilica =a cen'ral nave7an(ed b+ '*" la'eral aisles>

*i'h sin!le9aisle 'ranse%'s and a #"ur9ba+ chancel *i'han a)bula'"r+ surr"unded b+ ve cha%els& The seven9ba+ nave is b"rdered b+ chan'r+ cha%els "n ei'her side&)"s' "# 'he s'ruc'ure *as buil' be'*een 12E0 and 1:20bu' 'he *es'ern end "# 'he nave *as c")%le'ed "nl+ in'he )iddle "# 'he 16'h cen'ur+ *hile 'he '"*ers '""(

decades )"re '" c")%le'e& The %rinci%al )a'erial is redbric( bu' 'he ca'hedral *as buil' "n a s'"ne #"unda'i"nand 'he chancel %illars and )an+ de'ails are "# G"'landli)es'"ne

The '*in '"*ers a' 'he *es' end "# 'he church *ere rs')en'i"ned in 163& Several addi'i"ns '" b"'h 'he in'eri"rand e'eri"r "# 'he church *ere )ade a#'er a re in 16E2under 'he leadershi% "# -ranciscus ahr (n"*n #"r his*"r( "n cas'les& The 'urre' and %innacles *hich can be

? sala Ca'hedral lan


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seen in "lder dra*in!s *ere added as *ell as 'he rs's%ires "n 'he *es' '"*ers *hich *ere desi!ned b+An'"nius a'& In 'he 10s Nic"de)us Tessin desi!neda ne* burial cha%el '" 'he eas' "# 'he s"u'h 'ranse%' 'he)"s' si!nican' al'era'i"n '" 'he %lan "# 'he ca'hedralsince 'he ;iddle A!es& -r") 'he "u'side his desi!nres%ec'ed 'he 'radi'i"ns "# )edieval archi'ec'ure *i'h 'allG"'hic *ind"*s

In 'he 1E'h cen'ur+ 'he '"*ers *ere redesi!ned in 'heDu'ch Renaissance s'+le bu' a#'er 'he seri"us re "#1E02 'he+ *ere 'e)%"raril+ re%laced b+ l"* *""den

'"%s& A' 'he sa)e 'i)e 'hebu''resses *ere re)"ved!ivin! 'he ca'hedral 'hera'her %lain l""( c"nve+edb+ %ic'ures "# 'he %eri"d&Onl+ in 1E:0 *ere c"%%er9

#aced s%ires ins'alleddesi!ned b+ CarlHrle)an& A' 'he sa)e'i)e Hrle)an carried "u'si!nican' *"r( "n 'he*es' #aade& T"da+Bs'"*ers are 'he *"r( "#

Hel!" Je''ervall *h"c")%le'el+ rebuil' 'he) in'he 1880s subs'an'iall+increasin! 'heir hei!h'&A#'er 'he seri"us re "#1E02 'he "ri!inal 7+in! bu''resses *ere re)"ved and ahi!her r""# *as buil'&

Al'h"u!h 'he ca'hedral *as desi!ned b+ -rencharchi'ec's i' ehibi's a nu)ber "# di


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ca'hedrals "# n"r'hern -rance& Ab"ve all i' is essen'iall+c"ns'ruc'ed "# bric( ra'her 'han s'"ne& /ric( c"uld easil+be %r"duced l"call+ bu' s'"ne had '" be i)%"r'ed #r")

'he dis'an' 4uarries "# G"'land& As bric(s and )"r'ar aren"' as s'r"n! as s'"ne 'he *alls had '" be 'hic(er

al'h"u!h 'he %illars needed '" su%%"r' 'he vaul'ed ceilin!"# 'he chancel *ere )ade "# li)es'"ne& The n"r'h

'ranse%' %"r'al is als" buil' "# li)es'"ne n" d"ub' as i'*as needed '" su%%"r' 'he r"se *ind"* als" s'ruc'ured

in li)es'"ne i'sel#& hile 'he chancel and 'he 'ranse%' areclearl+ "# -rench desi!n 'he nave *hich *as buil'

s")e*ha' la'er dis%la+s Ger)an and S*edishcharac'eris'ics& C"ns'ruc'ed in ab"u' 1330 'he r"se*ind"* "ver 'he n"r'heas' %"r'al is s'ill en'irel+ -rench&Nic"laus #r") VKs'ers 'he S*ede *h" direc'ed *"r( "n

'he nave #r") 'he 130s a%%ears '" have sli!h'l+)"died 'he "ri!inal %lans addin! c"n#essi"nal side9

cha%els and includin! a #e* #ea'ures "# Ger)an "ri!in& I'is in'eres'in! '" n"'e 'ha' cr"ss9vaul's *ere never'helessins'alled ra'her 'han s'ar9sha%ed vaul's *hich *ere )"re

c"))"n a' 'he 'i)e& "r( "n 'he *es'ern end "# 'hebuildin! be!an in 1:31 *i'h 'he c"ns'ruc'i"n "# 'he *es'

%"r'al *hich *as in7uenced b+ 'he s'+le "# Vads'enaAbbe+& The '"*ers h"*ever s'ill ehibi'ed #ea'ures

'+%ical "# 13'h9cen'ur+ -rench archi'ec'ure indica'in!'ha' 'he "ri!inal %lans *ere s'ill in use a' 'he 'i)e&Overall des%i'e )in"r di


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?%%sala ca'hedral un 'he 1E'hcen'ur+


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?%%sala ca'hedral 'he d"")s


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?%%sala ca'hedral *es' #r"n'


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References

$l)an 5& G& =2001 Su))er>& R"s(ilde Ca'hedral;arvel "# 'he N"r'h& Scandinavian Review 89=1> 66&LM

The rinci%les "# G"'hic $cclesias'ical Archi'ec'ure$lucida'ed b+ ues'i"n and Ans*er :'h ed&/+;a''he* H"lbeche /l"a) L3M

Harve+ & =160>& The Gothic World, 1100-1600: ASurvey of Architecture and Art& 5"nd"n@ /& T&/a's#"rd& L:ML6M

Scandinavia& =201>& In The olu!"ia #ncyclo$edia='h ed&>& The C"lu)bia ?niversi'+ ress& L1M

Scandinavian ar' and archi'ec'ure& =201>& In Theolu!"ia #ncyclo$edia='h ed&>& The C"lu)bia?niversi'+ ress& L2M

i(i%edia LEM

scandinavian gothic

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