SCADA

Group Members:

• M. Ismail Zafar 10-MCT-08

• Syed Naqash Hussain 10-MCT-11

• Mushhood Amin 10-MCT-55

What is SCADA?•Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

•DATA ACQUISITION??

• Type of Industrial Control System(ICS)

• ICS are computer controlled systems that monitor and control industrial processes that exist in the physical world

• SCADA includes large scale processes including multiple sites and large distances

SCADA Components• Field Instrumentation• Sensors, devices to control.

• Remote Terminal Units• It is a microprocessor controlled electronic device that

interfaces objects in the physical world to SCADA

• Communications Network• Equipment needed to transfer data to and from different sites

• Central Monitoring Station• Collecting information gathered by the remote stations to

generate the necessary action

Why SCADA is needed?

To remotely collect different plants on different places

To control process from a distance

To create logs and reports about system’s current and past state

To send necessary information to engineers and operators in real time using instant messaging and SMS

Where SCADA is used?Water Distribution

Water Treatment

Waste Water Treatment

Pump Stations

Elevated Storage Tank automation

Water Well

Traffic Signals

Video Security Cameras

Fire Alarms

Traffic signals

Process Line Control and many more places……

RTU

RTU

RTU

SCADA Architecture

Monolithic Architecture

Distributed Architecture

Networked Architecture

Monolithic SCADA Systems

• Standalone systems with virtually no connectivity to other systems

• Communication protocols developed by vendors of RTU equipment

• Protocols have no functionality beyond that required

• Not feasible to intermingle other types of data traffic with RTU communications

• Very limited connectivity to the SCADA master station by the system vendor

• Use of two identically equipped mainframe systems, a primary and a backup

Distributed SCADA Systems• Vendor controlled, proprietary environment

• Improvement in system miniaturization

• LAN technology to distribute the processing across multiple systems

• Distribution of system functions across multiple systems

• Networks not capable of reaching beyond the limits of the local environment

• Vendor creates its own network protocol

• External communications networks were limited to RTU protocols

• Improves the redundancy and reliability of the system

Networked SCADA Systems

• Open system architecture

• Multiple networked systems, sharing master station functions

• Utilizing open standards and protocols

• Distribute SCADA functionality across a WAN

• Open standards eliminate multiple limitations

• Easier to connect to third party peripheral devices to the system or the network

• Use of WAN protocols for communication between the master station and communications equipment

• Disaster survivability

SCADA Functionality

• Data acquisition and display

store binary & analog data into process data base

• Alarm & Events

record important changes and operator actions

• History data base

keep a record of the process values

• Measured processing

calculate derived values (limit supervision, trending)

Continued.....

• Logging & reporting

collect data through sensors, analyze the data and save and output the results of the collection and analysis

• Human Machine Interface (HMI)

graphical object state presentation, lists, reports

• Operator Command handling

binary commands, set points recipes, batches, scripts (command procedures)

Comparison between SCADA & DCS

DCS (Distributed Control System)

SCADA

• Expensive hardware • 200% cheaper than DCS Hardware

• Control and monitoring over small areas

• Over large geographical areas

• Data transfer via LAN infrastructure

• Data transfer is wireless

• Application stored on one database

• Application data are divided over several databases

• Fast with complex control • Fast when used in logical (on/off)

• application

• DCS contains only Contol • In addition to Control a SCADA has Data acquisition

• Direct control, output directly to field

• actuators

• Send set points to local controllers

• Focused in process industry • Focused in discrete production industry