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ART EVOLUTION OF SATRANJI PALLI AND SATRANJI

HANDICRAFT: A GEOGRAPHICAL CASE STUDY OF

SATRANJI PALLI,

NISHBETGANJ, RANGPUR

Submitted By

MD. Shariful Islam

Reg: 00000903

ID NO: 0911013

Session: 2009-10

Rangpur, Bangladesh

Email: sharif.bruges@gmail.com

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE UNDER THE FACULTY OF LIFE AND EARTH

SCIENCE, BEGUM ROKEYA UNIVERSITY, RANGPUR IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE DEGREE OF B.Sc IN GEOGRAPHY AND

DEPARTMENT NAME: GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

UNIVERSITY NAME: BEGUM ROKEYA UNIVERSITY, RANGPUR

26 October 2015

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Certificate from the of Approval

I have the pleasure to approve the research report Art Evolution of Satranji

Palli and Satranji Handicraft: A Geographical Case Study of Satranji Palli, Nishbetganj,

Md. Shariful Islam bearing roll No. 0911013 of 2009-10 session to be presented

to the department of Geography and Environmental Science under the Faculty of Life and

Earth Science.

Supervisor

(Subaran Chandra Sarker)

Assistant Professor Dept. Of Geography & Environmental Science

Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur

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Declaration

I, Md.Shariful Islam ID No 0911013 here by declares that this dissertation titled,

Evolution of Satranji palli and Satranji Handicraft: A Geographical Case Study of Satranji

is recorded by an original and independent study carried out by

me under the guidance of Subaran Chandra Sarker, Assistant Professor Dept. Of Geography &

Environmental Science submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement of the Begum

Rokeya University, Rangpur for the award of degree of B.Sc of Geography and Environmental

Science.

I further declare that this report prepared is the original study conducted by me and has not

been submitted earlier for the award any other degree of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur

or any other University.

Place: Rangpur Md.Sharif ul Islam

Date:

Copyright 2015

The Copyright of this dissertation rests with the author. No quotation from it should be

published prior writer consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged.

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Acknowledgement

Firstly I would like to special thanks to Almighty Allah express my gratitude and appreciation

to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this report. The toughest of endeavors in

the world is not possible without the support of a helping hand, which guides and motivates a

person to take on any challenge head on. Inputs from such helping hands are always like very

essential because more often or not certain mistakes which go unnoticed for our eyes.

I am thankful to Subaran Chandra Sarker, Assistant Professor Dept. of Geography and

Environmental Science, who had provided all the required facilities to carry out the dissertation

report work and nursing my skills to execute the requirements.

I am heartily thankful to Subaran Chandra Sarker for whose encouragement, guidance and

support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop an understanding of the subject.

I offer my regards and blessings to all my teachers of Geography and Environmental Science

Department and all the people who supported me in any respect during the completion of the

dissertation report.

Last but not the least I thank my dear parents, teachers and friends who have been sources of

support, strength, inspiration and encouragement for whatever I am today.

ID No: 0911013

Date:

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Dedicated to

My Parents

I am going to achieve my first academic degree destination. I firmly believe

both of you are waiting for my journey ending

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Abstract

The Satranji handicraft industry forms a major part of the rich cultural heritage of the country.

An Art evolution of Satranji Palli is referred that, traditionally, skilled and experienced people

who are engaged to make Satranji (Satranji is a handmade products that is made of colorful

shanel, like as floor mat, wall mat, showpieces etc) It is an unorganized, decentralized, labour

intensive handi industry. Some of the strengths identified are availability of abundant & cheap

labour to make Satranji, use of local resources, low capital investment and unique

craftsmanship in the manufacturing of products along with increasing appreciation of local and

international consumers. The purpose of this paper was to examine an artistic evolution of

Satranji Shilpa, Satranji palli, artisans (Satranji Palli workers), their problems, Social,

economic condition, consu

market analysis of Satranji, International market place of Satranji etc. To complete this report

I use qualitative research methodology, the sample size is typically small, and respondents are

selected to fulfill a given quota. . It has been applied a Satranji Palli based simple random

sampling procedure using in-depth interviews; semi structured questionnaire survey and

analyzed with a wide range of qualitative cross sectional mode of approach. The findings of

this Report are how effective are these efforts, remains questionable. This case, through a

secondary literary study presents the current situation of the Satranji and the artisans alike in

order to facilitate analysis of problems and identification of developmental pathways. The

analysis of the Satranji handicraft Products can help us to determine the current situation of

the business, challenges and gaps between demand and supply, source of raw materials and

manpower, potentiality of employment, and its prospect for the future.

Keywords: Satranji, Artisans, Satranji Palli, Random Sampling etc.

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Local Terms and Abbreviation

Local Terms

Shanel: Main elements of Satranji Production is made by Jute

Chorki : One type of wood ring frame

Alowan: Yarn binding in a frame

Noksa: Design on Satranji

Bohor: Accurate ratio of yarn in Satranji Products

Chinta: (worry)

Mathaye tension: (tension in the head)

Abbreviation

ADAPT - Area Development Approach for Poverty Termination

BPL - Below Poverty Line

RCC- Rangpur City Corporation

NID - National Institute of Design

NFS - Non Farm Sector

RLTAP - Revised Long-term Action Plan

SHG - Self Help Group

TOR - Terms of Reference

UNDP- United Nations Development Program

BHB- Bangladesh Handloom board

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Table of Contents

Title .................................................................................................................................... Page

Certificate Approval................................................................................................................... i

Declaration ................................................................................................................................ ii

Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................... iii

Dedication ................................................................................................................................ iv

Abstract ......................................................................................................................................v

Local Terms and Abbreviation ................................................................................................ vi

Table of Content .............................................................................................................. vii-xiii

List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... xi

List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ xii

List of Images ........................................................................................................................ xiii

Appendix ................................................................................................................................ xii i

Chapter I: Introductory .........................................................................................................1

1.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................2

1.2 Background of the research .....................................................................................2

1.3 Aim and objectives: .................................................................................................4

1.4 Justification of Study Area Selection .......................................................................4

1.5 Limitation of the study .............................................................................................6

1.6 Selection of Study Area ..........................................................................................6

1.7 Literature review ......................................................................................................7

1.8 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................8

Chapter Two: Conceptual Framework of Satranji ..............................................................8

2.0 Introduction ..............................................................................................................9

2.1 Origin of Satranji Palli .............................................................................................9

2.2 History of Satranji ..................................................................................................10

2.3 Elements of Satranji Production ..............................................................................4

2.4 Shape and Size of Satranji .......................................................................................5

2.5 Artisans of Satranji...................................................................................................6

9

2.6 Annual Budget of Satranji .....................................................................................12

2.7 Satranji Shilpa ........................................................................................................12

2.8 Challenges to way out ............................................................................................13

2.9 Major Destinations for Satranji ..............................................................................15

2.10 Satranji Concentration Areas: ..............................................................................16

2.11 Value Adding Chain of Satranji Products ............................................................17

2.12 Satranji Production Process Nishbetganj, Rangpur .............................................20

2.13 Conclusion ...........................................................................................................22

Chapter Three: Description of the Study Area ...................................................................23

3.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................24

3.1 Study Area Selection ..............................................................................................24

3.1.1 Geographical Location: .......................................................................................30

3.2.1 Physiography Description of the study area .......................................................30

3.2.2 Climate ................................................................................................................32

3.2.3 Vegetation ...........................................................................................................34

3.2.4 Drainage System .................................................................................................34

3.3 Cultural Description of the study area ...................................................................34

3.3.1 Religion: ..............................................................................................................34

3.3.2 Holidays ..............................................................................................................34

3.3.3 Sports ..................................................................................................................34

3.3.4. Cuisine ...............................................................................................................34

3.3.5. Cloths .................................................................................................................35

3.3.6 Weddings ............................................................................................................35

3.3.7 Festivals and celebrations ...................................................................................35

3.3.8 Music, and drama ................................................................................................35

3.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................35

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Chapter Four: Data Sources and Methodology ..................................................................36

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................37

4.2 Research Methodology ..........................................................................................37

4.3 Data ........................................................................................................................38

4.4 Methodology ..........................................................................................................38

4.4.1 Research Design: ................................................................................................39

4.4.2 Descriptive Research ..........................................................................................40

4.4.3 Sampling: ............................................................................................................41

4.4.3.1 Sampling Design ..............................................................................................41

4.4.3.2 Process of Sampling in Research in my Study Area ........................................42

4.4.4 Tools of Data Collection .....................................................................................43

4.5 Data Sources: .........................................................................................................43

4.5.1 Primary Data .......................................................................................................43

4.5.1.2 Interviews .........................................................................................................43

4.5.1.3 Field Observation .............................................................................................44

4.5.1.4 Questionnaires..................................................................................................44

4.5.1.5 Field work ........................................................................................................45

4.5.2 Secondary data ....................................................................................................45

4.5.3 Time of data collection .......................................................................................45

4.6 Planning and Analysis............................................................................................46

4.6.1 Data processing analysis .....................................................................................46

4.7 Scope of the Report ................................................................................................46

4.8 Data Calculation Methods......................................................................................48

4.9 Conclusion: ............................................................................................................49

Chapter Five: Data Presentation and analysis ....................................................................50

5.0 Introduction ...........................................................................................................51

5.1 Data analysis .........................................................................................................51

5.2.1 Gender of respondent from Shataranji Palli Population ....................................52

5.2.2 Age of respondent of Shataranji Palli ................................................................53

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5.2.3 Marital status of the respondents at Satranji Palli ..............................................54

5.2.4 Level of education of the respondents at Shataranji Palli ..................................55

5.2.5 Religious Status of Satranji Palli .......................................................................56

5.2.6 Types of Family in Satranji Palli .......................................................................57

5.2.7 Types of House in Satranji Palli ........................................................................58

5.2.8 Distribution of Houses by owned ......................................................................59

5.2.9 Family lavatory types in Satranji Palli ...............................................................60

5.2.10 Per capita income of Satranji Palli Workers: ...................................................61

5.2.11 Satranji Limited Rangpur Outlets Data Analysis .............................................63

5.2.11.1 Service of Satranji outlets .............................................................................64

5.2.11.2 Expectation of Gifts and discounts From Satranji Shops Outlets .................65

............................................................66

5.2.11.4 Employees Behavior .....................................................................................67

5.2.11.5 Factors influencing purchase ........................................................................68

5.2.11.6 Price Comparison of Satranji Products .........................................................69

5.2.11.7 Satisfaction level ...........................................................................................70

5.2.11.8 Service Rate of Satranji Palli Rangpur, Limited ...........................................71

5.2.11.9 Price differentiation of Satranji Products ......................................................72

5.2.11.10 Future trend in Satranji Palli Products ........................................................73

5.2.11.11Recommendation of Different Satranji Stores .............................................74

6. Conclusion ..............................................................................................................75

Chapter Six: Findings, Recommendation and Conclusion ...............................................76

6.0 Findings: ...............................................................................................................77

6.1 Recommendations .................................................................................................80

6.1.1 Availability of raw material at reasonable rates ................................................80

6.1.2 Provision for Special Fund.................................................................................80

6.1.3 Credit Facilities/Financial Support ....................................................................80

6.1.4 Up-gradation of technology and production techniques ....................................81

6.1.5 Setting Up of Institute Of Design in Satranji Palli ............................................81

6.1.6 Publicity of Tribal Handicrafts ..........................................................................82

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6.1.7 Exemption of Sales Tax/Trade Tax on Tribal Handicrafts Products .................82

6.1.8 Implementation of Welfare Schemes for artisans ..............................................82

6.1.9 Creation of Handicrafts Cell in Directorate of Industries ..................................82

6.1.10 Setting Up of Urban Haats / Sale cum Demonstration Centers .......................83

6.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................................83

7.0 References .............................................................................................................85

List of Tables

Table 2.0 Yearly Scenario of Satranji Production and export income in Bangladesh 14

Table 3.1 Basic Information of Study Area ................................................................30

Table 3.2 Monthly rainfall, temperature, humidity, evaporation of study area ..........33

Table 3.3 Average maximum, minimum and mean temperature of study area year ..33

Table 5.0 Gender of respondent from Shataranji Palli Population .............................52

Table 5.1 Age of respondent of Shataranji Palli .........................................................53

Table 5.2 Marital status of the respondents at Satranji Palli .......................................54

Table 5.3 Religious Status of Satranji Palli ................................................................56

Table 5.4 Types of Family ..........................................................................................57

Table 5.5 Types of House in Satranji Palli .................................................................58

Table 5.6 Distribution of Houses by owned ...............................................................60

Table 5.7 Family lavatory types in Satranji Palli ........................................................61

Table 5.8 Per capita income of Satranji Palli Workers ...............................................61

Table 5.9: Shopping frequency of Satranji Outlets .....................................................63

Table 5.10: Service of Satranji outlets ........................................................................64

Table 5.11: Expectation of Gifts and discounts From Satranji Shops Outlets ............65

.......................................................66

Table 5.13: Employees Behavior ................................................................................67

Table 5.14: Factors influencing purchase ...................................................................68

Table 5.15: Price Comparison of Satranji Products ....................................................69

Table 5.16: Satisfaction level ......................................................................................70

Table 5.17: Service Rate of Satranji Palli Rangpur, Limited .....................................71

Table 5.18: Price differentiation of Satranji Products ................................................72

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Table 5.19: Future trend in Satranji Palli Products .....................................................73

Table 5.20: Recommendation of Different Satranji Stores .........................................74

List of Figures

Figure 2.0: Yearly Satranji Export production In Bangladesh (Million Dollar) ........14

Figure 2.1: Yearly Production of Satranji (Million Ton) ............................................15

Figure 2.2: Major Destination for Satranji Handicraft ................................................15

Figure 2.3: Countryside Exports of Satranji Handicraft .............................................16

Figure 3.0: Selected Area map of Bangladesh ............................................................26

Figure 3.1: Selected Area Divisional map of Bangladesh ..........................................27

Figure 3.2: Selected Area map of Satranji Palli ..........................................................28

Figure 3.3: Map of Selected area ................................................................................29

Figure 3.4: Map of Selected area ................................................................................30

Figure. 3.5 Physiographic Map of Bangladesh ...........................................................31

Figure. 3.6 Climate map of Nishbetganj, Rangpur Bangladesh .................................32

Figure 4.0 Process of Research Design.......................................................................40

Figure 4.1: Process of Collect Samples in Research in my Study Area ....................42

Figure 4.2: Report writing method..............................................................................47

Figure 5.0: Gender of respondent from Shataranji Palli Population ...........................52

Figure5.1: Age of respondent of Shataranji Palli ........................................................53

Figure 5.2 Marital status of the respondents at Satranji Palli .....................................54

Figure 5.3: Marital status of the respondents at Satranji Palli ....................................55

Figure 5.4: Level of education of the respondents in Shataranji Palli ........................56

Figure 5.5: Religious Status of Satranji Palli ..............................................................57

Figure 5.6: Types of Family in Satranji Palli ..............................................................58

Figure 5.7: Types of House in Satranji Palli Workers ................................................59

Figure 5.8: Distribution of Houses by owned .............................................................60

Figure 5.9: Family lavatory types in Satranji Palli .....................................................61

Figure 5.10: Per Capita Income of Satranji Palli Worker ...........................................62

Figure 5.11: Shopping frequency of Satranji Outlets .................................................63

Figure 5.12: Service of Satranji outlets.......................................................................64

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Figure 5.13: Expectation of Gifts and discounts From Satranji Shops Outlets ..........65

.....................................................66

Figure 5.15: Employees Behavior of Satranji Palli Outlets .......................................67

Figure 5.16: Factors of influencing purchase .............................................................68

Figure 5.17: Price Comparison of products in Satranji Palli Outlets ..........................69

Figure 5.18: Satisfaction level of Satranji Products....................................................70

Figure 5.19: Service Rate of Satranji Palli Limited ....................................................71

Figure 5.20: Price differentiation of Satranji Products ...............................................72

Figure 5.21: Future trend in Satranji Palli Products ...................................................73

Figure 5.22: Recommendation of Different Satranji Stores .......................................74

List of Flowcharts

Flow Chart 2.0: Value Adding Chain in Satranji Handicraft .....................................17

List of Images

Image 2.0: Satranji Products Nishbet Ganj, Rangpur .................................................17

Image 2.1: Floor Mat Satranji Products Nishbet Ganj, Rangpur ................................18

Image 2.2: Floor Mat Satranji Products Nishbet Ganj, Rangpur ................................18

Image 2.3: Floor Mat Satranji Products Nishbet Ganj, Rangpur ................................18

Image 2.4: Carry bag made by Satranji ......................................................................19

Image 2.5: Wall mat, made by Satranji .......................................................................19

Image 2.6: 10 Square feet Wall mat, made by Satranji ..............................................19

Image 2.7: Satranji Production process Step 1 ...........................................................20

Image 2.8: Satranji Production process Step 2 ...........................................................20

Image 2.9: Satranji Production process Step 3 ...........................................................21

Image 2.10: Image 2.7 Satranji Production process Step 4 ........................................21

Image 2.11: Rangpur Satranji Palli Limited Stores ....................................................21

Image 3.0: Satranji Palli Limited, Rangpur ................................................................25

Image 3.1: Satranji Palli Workshop, Rangpur (Selected area) ...................................25

Appendix

Survey question of Satranji Palli............................................................................... i-ix

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Chapter One

Introductory

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1.1 Introduction

Satranji is a creative art of weaving and technically it is similar to modern tapestry. In the past,

Satranji was considered as a status symbol of aristocratic families. Satranji is a handmade

product of artisans. This types of handicraft has no institutional framework, totally it is done

This very

attractive and colorful fiber yarn was used to make seat cover, bed sheet and wall mat for

interior decoration of houses. Even extra-large size Satranjies were produced and used to cover

a place of big public gathering to hold meetings or music conferences. Now-a-days, Satranji is

used to make diversified creative products like coin purse, ladies hand bag and table mat.

Satranji is a centuries old traditional way of producing handmade colorful carpets still being

practiced in Nishbetganj, Rangpur district of Bangladesh. In order to develop and promote the

craft, the government is

government will invest around Taka 10 million to set up the village, which will include 116

weaver families from Nishbetganj. These weavers, who work in the unorganized sector, have

been producing colorful wall-mats, floor-mats, bedcovers and many other items.

1.2 Background of the research

Handicraft sector in Bangladesh comprises with small manufacturing units and mostly located

in rural areas, operated either by the owner themselves or with the assistance of a small work

force of 10-20 people. Total number of workforce associated with the industry stands

approximately over 3 million of which over three quarters are employed in textile, jute goods,

wood, lather, cane and bamboo. These are followed by metal-works and pottery. A rough

estimate shows that exports occupy about 20% of the total production. Organized effort in

marketing Bangladeshi handicrafts overseas is, in fact, a matter of recent past-although some of

the products were able to find export destinations a little time back. And all though at present

Bangladeshi handicrafts are being exported to well over 50

poorest countries, ranking third after India and China in the extent of poverty. The population

is predominantly rural, with about 85% of its total people living in rural areas. Estimates of

rural poverty rates now stand between 53% and 43.6%. So being more than half of the total

development of a

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country. Poverty is a curse for Bangladesh. As some 63 million people (roughly half of the

population) still live in severe deprivation, according to 2014 data, inequality within and across

regions is gradually increasing. Though it is impractical thinking to eradicate poverty from the

root at all but it is not impossible to reduce the extent of the curse of it by molding it within a

tolerable limit. In Bangladesh mainly some NGO have taken some initiatives to create working

opportunity for rural people through supporting handicraft production. They are trying to improve

the socio- economic condition of rural people by providing them a means of working. This study

tries to identify the contribution of handicraft.

Bangladesh it is a crying need to focus on the poverty alleviation aspect and the development

of rural human resource issues as they are highly inter-related. Proper utilization of human

resource is a burning issue in this highly competitive world. In this aspect Satranji Shilpa can

be proven a benison for Bangladesh as sector of employment where both men-women and

educated- uneducated people can adjust themselves suitably and profitably. Satranji Shilpa

would be an important sector not only in providing employment to a vast segment of persons

in rural and urban areas but also in terms of generating substantial foreign exchange for the

country which will be seemed as a boon for poverty alleviation.

The workers of shataranji Shilpa is crying need for developing rural human resource and how

this development could be possible through the proper utilization of the potentiality to reduce

for the poverty alleviation perspective and ensure the glorious future of Bangladesh. It will

also focus on the issue that how respond to this crucial need for Bangladesh and if its scope

can be widened then how it will ensure sustainable Elysian future for Bangladesh.

ndicraft product was introduced in the market. And in

80s the product got market acceptance, and this became its growth period. In the 90s, the

Satranji Handicraft products of Bangladesh experienced a slow growth, and it is the maturity

period of the product. After 2000, the sales of product decreased because of its old design and

poor quality. Moreover, new competitors came with newly-designed, innovative and quality

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Satranji shilpa is a growing economic industry like a developing country such as Bangladesh.

Day by day people are more skilled about their work. Satranji Shilpa in Bangladesh is having

glorious past, questionable present and blurry future due to a lot of internal and external factors

that are acting behind the scene. there are some predetermined factors, like - shortage of

working capital, high cost of raw materials, lack of organizing capability, inadequate

technology & efficiency, lack of policy support, great knowledge gap, lack of power supply

and shortage of credit facilities, those are the main forces that directly hit the Satranji Shilpa,

Nishbetganj, Rangpur Bangladesh.

1.3 Aim and objectives:

The focused Aim and objective of this study is

To identify the contribution of handicrafts industry in rural human resource development and

show how it will act as a means for the poverty alleviation of Bangladesh. To support the main

objective there are some other objectives. These are-

1. To find the contribution of Satranji handicraft industry to the rural human resource

development.

2. To find the contribution Satranji of handicraft industry to the poverty alleviation of

Bangladesh.

3. To provide recommendation for the development of Satranji handicraft industry as it

will in turn contribute to the development of rural human resource and poverty

alleviation.

4. To know about the socio economic condition of Satranji Palli, Nishbetganj, Rangpur

1.4 Justification of Study Area Selection

The overall approach of area selection is to use a multi-disciplinary team of professionals and

supervisors with experience in conducting micro and macro level socio-economic evaluation

studies and preparation of analytical study reports. The emphasis is given on:

Development of an effective work plan for execution of the assignment.

Efficient and effective process for collection of necessary and relevant information

based on both desk research and field studies.

Innovative approaches and smooth co-ordination to achieve the desired results.

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Using specialist resources and information gathered for the study to reach an authentic

assessment of status of the Satranji palli people Satranji Handicraft sector in the

proposed states. While fabricating analytical framework to bring effectiveness of the

study following are the key components of the analytical frame work followed for this

study.

Socio -demographic characters: These characters in terms of family composition, sex ratio,

marital status occupational pattern, literacy rate were studied. These characters are found to be

necessary in view of spare spread of Satranji palli population in the remote villages with and

without communication facilities. The results would reveal the need for necessary changes by

the executing agencies.

Income structure: Income structures are examined in terms of activity wise composition of

family income. Family income was estimated from farms business and non-farm business like

income from handi-Satranji, income from hand loans, wage income, income from service.

Infr astructure and Institutional development: These two aspects were studied to assess

their impact in terms of improvement of the living standards of the Satranji palli people

households. Infrastructure facilities like road communication, draining water, sanitation, type

of dwelling units, and institutional facilities in terms of market outlets, training procurement

of raw materials. These facilities demonstrate the living condition of Satranji palli people

households. The whole methodology and approach was adopted keeping in view the Satranji

palli people households involvement in producing Satranji palli people Satranji Handicraft of

different varieties and are covered in the light of the objectives envisaged for the study

1.5 Limitation of the study

M research had several limitations. The study was primarily limited by its small size. The

sample size could have been expanded by including problem and prospects of artisans,

recommendations of Satranji in all criteria. An earlier start in data collection would have

20

increased the time needed to survey more participants. More contact between the researchers

and the target sample may have increased participation. Ideally the number of participant

would have been more evenly disturbed across gender. The participants represented a narrow

range of age. A larger sample with more diversity would have benefited our results. Including

groups could have diversified the ages represented in the sample. My study would have

benefited from a question reading survey. Participants may have had a better understanding of

survey items had a definition of observation included on the questionnaire. The most obvious

limitation of the study is its cross-sectional design. Therefore, firm Conclusions about the

directions of causality implied in the model cannot be drawn. Thus, relationships among

variables must be interpreted with caution. Interpretations of Models using structural equation

modelling are also not proof of causality. True causal Inferences can only be drawn testing

models using longitudinal data.

There were several limitations that appeared during the research work. The limitations of this

study are as follows:

Shortage of time period for the project report.

The related people were uninterested to provide any data.

The present study was based on Questionnaire survey so getting accurate answer

sometime became problematic.

My study area not so developed so it was difficult to collect secondary information or

data from the related institution.

Lack of consciousness to the local people.

Lack of financial support.

1.6 Selection of Study Area

Rangpur division became Bangladesh's seventh division on January 25, 2010. Before that, it

had been a district under the Rajshahi division.The Rangpur division consists of eight districts

namely: Rangpur Dinajpur, Kurigram, Gaibandha, Nilphamari, Panchagarh, Thakurgaon, and

Lalmonirhat. There are 58 Upazilas under these eight districts and Gangachara upazila is

located under Rangpur district. My selection study area is Radhakrishnapur union ward no 17,

in Nishbetganj, which is situated under this Rangpur City Corporation. This Upazila is more

Beautiful because it is located near river side area and mostly route level area and

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here women participation in different Satranji Production activities and their socio-economic

conditions cannot be overlooked due to several problems .But day to day women wants to

improve their socio-economic conditions by these activities, Satranji Shilpa is a growing up

industry, so it may vast industry in future, this industry can eradicated the poverty of these,

undeveloped region like as Rangpur, for this reason this Report is done at Shataranji palli,

Nishbetganj, Rangpur

1.7 Literature review

The literature review presented in this paper summarizes theoretical and empirical studies that

provide the background for understanding the key aspects of handicrafts industry, rural human

resource development and its effects on the poverty alleviation aspect of Bangladesh as a

whole.

UNESCO, (1997) states that, artisanal products / handicrafts are those produced by artisans,

either completely by hand, or with the help of hand tools or even mechanical means, as long

as the direct manual contribution of the artisan remains the most substantial component of the

finished product.

ICCIM (2000) argues that handicrafts translate into part of a culture and industry that applies

different from machine-made or mass-produced counterparts.

Studies/surveys conducted by the EPB and BANGLACRAFT (An association of Handicraft

producers and exporters) and ECOTA (Fair trade Forum) provide strong evidence in support

of this. In the light of these finding, it appears that the main markets for our handicraft product

are in gifts, house wares, home decoration, seasonal products, toys and personal accessories.

Handicraft industry is indeed a very encouraging factor. Existing workforce in this sector is

near about 4 million, most of whom have accepted the craft work as a means of their livelihood.

Studies suggested that traditional Bangladeshi products which have made some dent in the

export market have the potential for increasing their market share significantly. These are

traditional decorative Jutes (muslin, Naksha kantha, jamdani), block printed, vegetable dyed

Jutes, artificial flowers, woven jute products, cane basketry, pottery, small leather goods

(wallets, purse, and belts), etc.

22

Besides, few national development plans currently include many explicit human resource

developments. Human resource development is dealt with sectorally in separate sections of

national planning documents and typically implemented by several agencies. There is currently

no single unified policy or plan for the development of human resources.

UNDP(1991) defines Human Resource Development as the policies and programs that support

and sustain equitable opportunities for continuing acquisition and application of skill,

knowledge, attitude and competencies which promote individual autonomy and are mutually

beneficial to individual organization, the community of larger environment of which they are

part.

1.8 Conclusion

The Satranjies are known the world over for their rich variety, grace, and elegance and skilled.

The high skill of craftsmanship of the inhabitants of this region. Household utensils plain and

painted Shanel brought about by the rhythmic implements, ornaments, were some of the artistic

and valuable things found there. Varieties of Satranji are produced over time in all parts of the

Nishbetganj including my study areas. So Satranji is the space reflect and preserve in them

the results of centuries of patient experiments of man under varying circumstances. Like art

craft treasures also reflect the taste of human society through the individual and give collective

mind of the Satranji Palli. Satranji not only satisfy economic wants but also the aesthetic

yearning of man.

23

Chapter: Two

Conceptual Framework of

Satranji

24

2.0 Introduction

A Satranji sometimes more precisely expressed as artisanal handicraft or handmade, is any of

a wide variety of types of work where useful and decorative objects are made completely by

hand or by using only simple tools. It is a traditional main sector of craft, and applies to a wide

range of creative and design activities that are related to making things with one's hands and

skill. Usually the term is applied to traditional techniques of creating items (whether for

personal use or as products) that are both practical and aesthetic. (Bangla pedia -2010)

Satranji is a long lasting, durable and hygienic shanel, cotton thread and jute. Now it has a

demand on the foreign countries and also in our country. Apart from Satranji, it makes saga

carpet, wall mat, table mat, cusson cover, and Different types of cotton bags, weaving cotton

cloths, and Punjabi, Pajama, and Fotua, three pieces, Shari etc.

Satranji has its roots in the rural crafts the material-goods necessities of ancient civilizations,

and many specific crafts have been practiced for centuries, while others are modern inventions,

or popularizations of crafts which were originally practiced in a limited geographic area.

Etymology: Th

& ''Ranji, means color but in locally Satranji refereed that, Hundred colorful fabrics is

combined the term of Satranji. The earliest mention of Satranji and its development as an

industry is found in Nishbetganj, Rangpur Bangladesh.

2.1 Origin of Satranji Palli:

During the British rule in India, the diversified usage of Satranji in the upper class society was

very much common. Hunter in an article in the Rangpur Gazetteer published in 1912 referred

to the quality artisanship of Satranji weavers of Rangpur and the marketing aspect of their

products. He wrote that collector of Rangpur district Mr. Nishbet volunteered himself to be the

lead patron of the local Satranji weaving artisans in 1880. He was impressed very much to see

the artistic design and knitting of Satranji there.

25

2.2 History of Satranji Shilpa:

Mr. Nishbet extended his all-out assistance to the weavers of that region for the development

and marketing of their Satranji products. An exclusive industrial park for Satranji weavers was

built at a place 5 kilometer from Rangpur town. That place, later known as Nishbet Ganj, turned

into the production hub of Satranji materials. A huge volume of Nishbetganj Satranji was

exported to many countries including Sri Lanka, Burma, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia

after fulfilling the demand of domestic markets across India. It is believed that the tradition of

Satranji weaving was there even before 1830. Historical evidences found locally reveal that

Rangpur was a leading Satranji production centre during the Mughal rule. So it is evident that

the art of Satranji weaving is a deep-rooted tradition of North Bengal Satranji. After the

partition of India in 1947, the demand of Satranji started declining as its substitute goods

manufactured in mills and factories undersold Satranji. As a result, most of the Satranji

weavers had to change their occupation. However at present, the art of Satranji weaving still

survives in a very limited extent in Rangpur although the artisans concerned face many

limitations including inadequate capital, unplanned marketing, poor attention of the consumers

and the traders and overall a very small market. As a result, Satranji; a unique, industrial and

potential art form of weaving is now disappearing. (Source Bangla pedia 2010)

2.3 Elements of Satranji Production:

The principal raw material for weaving Satranji is yarn. Cotton yarn, jute yarn, wool and

different type of fibers, after buying from the market, are dyed and dried by the weavers, 10 to

35 feet long bamboo frames are used to dry the yarn. Then the bundles of yarn are made and

those bundles are fixed in the loom or laid down on the floor to knit a Satranji by hand

following a set design. The art of Satranji weaving mainly depends on skillful operating of

fingers. A comb like instrument called panja is used to tighten the knitted yarns. Thus, one to

Satranji. The common designs of

Satranji include: face of a women, animals-birds, a farmer boy, a lady with pitcher, boats, king

and queen, gods and goddess, mythological characters and scenery of the nature.

26

2.4 Shape and Size of Satranji

The common shape of Satranji is rectangular, but Satranjies are made by hand in any other

shape including oval and square. Its set minimum size is 30 inch by 20 inch and maximum size

is 30 feet by 20 feet. However, the shape and size of a Satranji depends on the demand of the

buyer. At present, the weavers themselves develop the designs or the buyer supplies the design.

But earlier, there were specialized artists to finalize the designs for Satranji.

2.5 Artisans of Satranji

A Satranji reveals not only the professional excellence of its artisan but also his or her level of

the sense of aesthetics. So both the excellence and the sense of aesthetics of an artisan are

equally important for Satranji weaving, which is not only his profession but a professional

craze indeed. If the existing problems like dearth of raw material, absence of governmental

patronization, lack of co-ordination and marketing facilities at home and abroad can be solved,

the art of Satranji weaving will expand successfully and get back its past glory.

2.6 Annual Budget of Satranji

To develop Satranji Shilpa through skill development training for socio economic development

and poverty alleviation of Satranjee Shilpa. About Tk. 200.00 lakh taka will be disbursed

among the artisans engaged in the Satranji industry as credit facilities and about 660 persons

will be trained up as skill development under this report there is a provision for Production

cum display centre to assist marketing of produced goods. A total no of 390 persons has been

trained through 26 training courses and 45.00lac taka has been disbursed among the Satranji

artisans under this report from since inception. The report is being implemented in Nishbetganj

and Radhakrishnapur of Rangpur district (Bangladesh Handloom Board 2014 Data)

2.7 Satranji Shilpa:

Satranji Shilpa is a growing economic industry like a developing country such as Bangladesh.

Day by day people are more skilled about their work. Satranji Shilpa in Bangladesh is having

glorious past, questionable present and blurry future due to a lot of internal and external factors

that are acting behind the scene. There are some predetermined factors, like

27

Shortage of working capital,

High cost of raw materials,

Lack of organizing capability,

Inadequate technology & efficiency,

Lack of policy support,

Great knowledge gap,

Lack of power supply and

Shortage of credit facilities,

Those are the main forces that directly hit the Satranji Shilpa, Nishbetganj, and Rangpur

Bangladesh.

2.8 Challenges to way out:

Scattered traditional artisans are out of modern fashion and designs while still they are

innovating at their best. Integral effective research and development system is must for creating

new international brands or reaching the existing local brands to the international arena.

Existing products are now being to India to some extent. Export to other markets should get

preferences. Public or private authorities s

claim special value addition and incentives for the products. Although skills of our workers

are up to the expectation level, they are lagging behind in capturing the modern technology

due to lack of infrastructural support from the government (Sobhan, 1989). Generally due to

conventional process it takes much time to make the goods. Due to low production, workers

have low income. So, many of them are eyeing on other professional fields. In many clusters,

only old age people do the Handloom weaving, young people are not taking weaving craft as

their profession. Training and skill development of the young and introducing them with

modern designs can encourage joining the sector. Integral effort to link the handlooms and its

can solve main problems of the Satranji industry.

Table 2.0 Yearly Scenario of Satranji Production and export income in Bangladesh

28

Year 1992 1996 2000 2004 2010 2014

Satranji Production

(Million ton)

0.23 0.65 0.79 1.25 2.24 3.00

Total Export Income

(million Dollar )

5 12 18 24 29 35

Source: Handloom Board Bangladesh 2014

Figure 2.0: Yearly Satranji Export production In Bangladesh (Million Dollar)

Above parameter shown that the actual scenario of Satranji Shilpa, to summarize the market

condition of Satranji Shilpa is increasing day by day. In year 1992 production is 0.23million

ton in 1996 the amount is 0.65 but in year 2014 the amount is 3.00 million ton. So the interface

is trends of Satranji production is enhanced gradually so we can say it is a growing up industry.

On the other hand the export income is 5 million dollar in year 1992 in 2004 this amount is

increased at about 68% but in year 2014 this amount is reach up about 35 million dollar, that

is the indication, Shataranji Shilpa, is improving, on sequence.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

1992

1996

2000

2004

2010

2014

29

Figure 2.1: Yearly Production of Satranji (Million Ton)

2.9 Major Destinations for Satranji

Figure 2.2: Major Destination for Satranji Handicraft

Organized effort in marketing Satranji Handicraft overseas is, in fact, a matter of recent past-

although some of the products were able to find export destinations a little time back. And all

though at present Bangladeshi Satranji Handicraft are being exported to well over 50 Countries

of different continents, more than 70% of the total merchandise is lifted by the European,

American, and Japanese market.

3%

8%

10%

15% 27%

37%

64%

Yearly prduction (million ton)

1992 1996 2000 2004 2010 2014

Australia2%

Canada3%France

5%Germany

11%

Italy4%

Japan4%

Netherlands3%

Saudi Arabia2%

Switzerland1%

U.S.A.32%

U.K.11%

Others22%

Major Destinations for Satranji Handicrafts(% in 2000-2014)

30

Figure 2.3: Countryside Exports of Satranji Handicraft

2.10 Satranji Concentration Areas:

In the changing world scenario, Satranji products exported to various countries form a part of

lifestyle products in international market. The impact is due to the changing consumer taste

and trends. In view of this it is high time that the Nishbetganj Satranji Handicraft industry

went into the details of changing designs, patterns, product development, and requisite change

in production facilities for a variety of materials, production techniques, and related expertise

to achieve a leadership position in the fast growing competitiveness with other countries.

The Satranji persons who are the backbone of Nishbetganj Satranji Handicraft Industry as

provided with inherent skill, technique, traditional Satranjies man-ship but that is quite

sufficient for primary platform. However, in changing world market these Satranji persons

need an institutional support, at their places i.e. Satranji pockets for value addition and for the

edge with other competitors like China, Korea, Thailand etc.

To spread out Satranji product international buyers are ordered in online and they ordered the

different types of Satranji demanding to their design size, shape, color, and such as outlook,

this products is reaching those countries whose are demand by transport, such as Ship, Aero-

plane. Etc. after getting the products of Satranji, they pay online through western money gram

or PayPal etc.

Country Side Exports of Satranji

31

2.11 Value Adding Chain in Satranji Handicraft and Satranji Products

Identification of market opportunities

Prototype design and development / adaption and refinement

Test marketing

Upgrading equipping facilities

Securing inputs

Entrepreneurial hiring, training, managing

Production, quality control and packaging

Costing and pricing

Physical distribution

Export market development

Flow Chart 2.0: Value Adding Chain in Satranji Handicraft

Image 2.0: Satranji Products Nishbet Ganj, Rangpur

32

Image 2.1 Floor Mat Satranji Products Nishbet Ganj, Rangpur

Image 2.2 Floor Mat Satranji Products Nishbet Ganj, Rangpur

Image 2.3 Floor Mat Satranji Products Nishbet Ganj, Rangpur

33

Image 2.6 10 Square feet Wall mat, made by Satranji

Image 2.4: Carry bag made by Satranji

Image 2.5: Wall mat , made by Satranji

Image 2.6: 5 Square feet floor mat Satranji

34

2.12 Satranji Production Process Nishbetganj, Rangpur

Step: 1

Collection of Shanel

This Types of Raw Material is

collected from China, India)

but it is found in Narayanganj

and Dhaka, Bangladesh

Step: 2

Round the Shanel with wood

Frame or Metal frame

Result: Shannel is tensioned

by the wood frame

Now a Days this process

done by the machine

Shanel, One types of Yarn

Image 2.8 Satranji Production process Step 2

Image 2.8 Satranji Production process Step 2

Image 2.7 Satranji Production process Step 1

35

Step: 3

Next step is sewing the

yarn with colorful yarn

Yarn was coloured by

naturally but Now-Days

it is done by the

chemical products

Step: 4 Finalizing and finishing

(One female worker

make 2 Satranji Per

day)

Satranji Limited

Satranji Palli,

Nishbetganj, Rangpur

Bangladesh

Image 2.9 Satranji Production process Step 3

Image 2.10 Image 2.7 Satranji Production process Step 4

Image 2.7 Rangpur Satranji Palli Limited Stores

36

2.13 Conclusion

Satranji is the traditional products all over the world.

Satranji is the creative art of artisans or skilled and experienced person, In Satranji Production

house maximum female are involved to allocate their poverty. One side Satranji helps to fulfill

the local and international demand on the other side, it creates to a right path for Nishbetganj

people for improving their family income, Social status and overall self-sufficient.

37

Chapter: Three

Description of the Study Area

38

3.0 Introduction

This chapter briefly brings out the concentration in the proposed Area that is Satranji Palli

Nishbetganj, Rangpur Sadar and selected Satranji Stores highlighting the various types of local

inhabiting in those areas handicrafts, their main and subsidiary occupations etc.

Rangpur Sadar Upazila (Rangpur district) area 330.33 sq. km, located in between 2539' and

2550' north latitudes and in between 8905' and 89'20' east longitudes. It is bounded by

Gangachara upazila on the north, Mithapukur upazila on the south, Kaunia and Pirgachha

Upazilas on the east, taraganj and Badarganj Upazilas on the west. Belong to this upazila.

Water bodies Main Rivers:' Bullai, Ghaghat; Ganakanai and Mariga Beels are notable.

3.1 Study Area Selection

The study area has been selected in Radhakrishnapur union is located under Nishbetganj in

Rangpur City Corporation, Bangladesh with an area of 2.69 square kilometers. The area is

bounded North-west: Mominpur, North-East: Hajirhat East-North: Rangpur Bus Terminal,

East South: Rangpur Cantonment, West: Sampur, Rangpur. Satranji are mostly defined as

"items made by hand, often with the use of simple tools, and are generally artistic and for

traditional in nature Satranji palli is a Satranji Handicraft community in Rangpur District at

- t of Rangpur Badarganj high way.

This place is about 5 k.m far from the Rangpur City, the geography of this place is so much

charming and favorable to set up a Jute Satranji Handicraft industry. It is situated in beside of

River. Vegetables and other crops grow also most of the study area located in a

large part of Nishbetganj.

I selected also some Satranji Stores and compared the products quality of different store and

their making process, I finalized this study after doing some equation, and

therefore, local and international market This area is full of geographic and cultural

ch industries and hospitality to others,

particularly the visitors, or tourists. So I appropriate select this area for my data collection and

analysis of this area for future possible outcome

39

Image 3.0 : Satranji Palli Limited, Rangpur

Image 3.1: Satranji Palli Workshop, Rangpur (Selected area)

40

Figure 3.0:Selected Area map of Bangladesh

41

Figure 3.1:Selected Area map of Bangladesh

Study Area

42

Figure3.2 :Selected Area map of Satranji Palli

43

Figure3.3 : Map of Selected area

Figure 3.4: Map of Selected area

44

3.1.1 Geographical Location:

The soil composition of Nishbetganj, Rangpur is mainly alluvial soil (80%) of the Teesta River

basin, and the remaining is barind soil. The temperature ranges from 32 degrees Celsius to 11

degrees Celsius, and the annual rainfall averages 2931 mm. Latitude and Longitude: 25.7333

N, 89.2500 E

Table 3.1 Basic Information of Study Area

Title Content

Ward 17

Upazila Rangpur City Corporation

District Rangpur

Division Rangpur

Distance from district Sadar 5 kilometers west

Relative location

North-west: Mominpur,

North-East: Hajirhat

East-North: Rangpur Bus Terminal,

East South: Rangpur Cantonment,

West: Sampur, Rangpur.

Area

2.69 square kilometers.

Population

Total number of population is 7808, where

number of male is 4,182 and female is 3,626.

River Ghaghot, Teesta

Soil Alluvial soil, more fertile land

Climate Temperate, Hot,: In summer

Mostly Foggy: In winter

3.2.1 Physiography Description of the study area

This selected are is a flood pain basin .About 80% area of this composed of alluvial soil of

Tista basin and 20% Barind land. . The relief is that of medium level ridges and shallow basins.

Most of the land is shallowly flooded. There is a slight depression along the Ghaghat river,

where flooding is of medium depth. The big river courses of the Teesta

45

Figure. 3.5 Physiographic Map of Bangladesh (SRDI, 1977, Rashid, 1991, Reiman, 1993)

Study Area

46

3.2.2 Climate

The Climate of Study Area Temperate, Hot, in summer Mostly Foggy: In winter

Figure. 3.6 Climate map of Nishbetganj, Rangpur Bangladesh

(SDRI, 1977; Rashid, 1991; Reimann, 1993)

Study Area

47

Table 3.2 Monthly average rainfall, temperature, humidity, evaporation of study area 2000-2014

Source: BMD, Nishbetganj Rangpur Sadar.

Table 3.3 Average maximum, minimum and mean temperature of study area year 2000-2014

Source: BMD, Nishbetganj Rangpur Sadar.

Month Rainfall Temperature

OC)

Humidity

( % )

Evaporation

January 12.01 27 75.57 42.23

February 26.31 24 71.35 46.2

March 42.58 32 67.29 90.7

April 78.89 34 65.7 113.4

May 160.52 31 77.8 90.2

June 321.07 30 85.33 75.1

July 292.57 32 88.01 71.03

August 297.01 33 87.10 71.00

September 220.71 32 82.36 65.3

October 108.50 31 78.33 53.1

November 42.78 22 77.54 51.1

December 20.59 20 78.64 41.7

Month Maximum (OC) Minimum ( OC) Mean (OC)

January 25 7 16

February 26 10 18

March 33 12 22.5

April 35 18 26.5

May 36 16 26

June 32 11 21.5

July 31 12 21.5

August 34 14 24

September 33.5 21 27.25

October 30 18 24

November 23 11 17

December 43.1 16 29.55

48

3.2.3 Vegetation

The study area has a copious vegetation of all types of vegetables, fruit trees and herbs etc.

varieties of paddy like Aman, Boro, Aus, Iritic grow seasonally in almost all plants in the study

area. Wheat and sugarcane are grown seasonally at different parts of the study area also. The

most common and well-known fruit bearing trees are mango, lichee, jackfruit, betelnut, palm,

coconut, banana etc. Besides these trees there are many timber trees like Babla, Shisu, Koroi,

Shimul etc.

3.2.4 Drainage System

Drainage system of the study area mainly consists of meandering river of the Teesta. The

Teesta flows along the middle part of the study area. The river is seasonally active. During the

rainy season, rises of water level in these rivers are fairly rapid in every short span of time.

Silting of river is quite noticeable. Another small river named Burial flows in the eastern part

of the study area.

3.3 Cultural Description of the study area

In Satranji palli people are Cultural minded. Here Culture plays a significant role in shaping

up depressive symptoms, its awareness and impact, and care-seeking. Those are following

below

3.3.1 Religion:

The majority of Satranji Palli People (about 90%) are Muslim, while there are a large number

of Hindus, and Christians are also living in the country. But due to immense cultural diversity,

multiple dialects, hybridization of social traits and norms as well as cultural upbringing,

Bangladeshis cannot be stereotyped very easily, except for the only fact that they are very

resilient in nature. Holidays on all important religious festivals of the four major religions

49

3.3.2 Holidays

Apart from these religious and tribal celebrations there are also several secular festivals. Pohela

Boishakh (Bengali New Year) is the biggest among all the festivals in Satranji Palli. Palli

workers also observes 21 February as Shahid Dibash (as observed worldwide as International

Mother Language Day), 26 March as Independence Day, and 16 December as Victory Day.

This holidays

3.3.3 Sports

Cricket is the most popular sport in Satranji Palli People, whenever there is a cricket or football

match between popular local teams or international teams in any local stadium significant

number of spectators gather to watch the match live. And they also followed by football. But

some old workers likes Kabaddi keeping with the traditional view. On the hand females are

like to play luddhu (one types of Monopoly game)

3.3.4. Cuisine

Satranji Palli is famous for its distinctive culinary tradition, delicious food, snacks, and

savories. Steamed rice constitutes the staple food, and is served with a variety of vegetables,

fried as well with curry, thick lentil soups, fish and meat. Satranji Palli cuisine is rich and

varied with the use of many specialized spices and flavours. Fish is the dominant source of

protein, cultivated in their ponds

3.3.5. Cloths

Satranji Palli men wear lungi as casual wear. They also wear Fatua .The women also have a

different preference to which types of Sharee or any other popular dress like Salwar kameez

they would like to wear. Whether it may be silk sharees, georgette sharees, or designer sharees,

each particular fabric contributes to representing the culture overall.

3.3.6 Weddings

In Satranji Palli traditional wedding is arranged by Ghotoks (matchmakers), who are typically

friends or relatives of the couple. Weddings are traditionally in five parts: first it is the bride

50

and groom's Mehendi Shondha, the bride's Gaye Holud, the groom's Gaye Holud, the Beeya,

and the Bou Bhaat.

3.3.7 Festivals and celebrations

The people of Satranji enjoys Prominent and widely celebrated festivals are Pohela Boishakh,

Independence day, National Mourning Day, Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha, Durga puja, and

Language Movement Day and other national days.

3.3.8 Music, and drama

In Satranji Palli people like 3 categories of Music classical, folk, and modern, when they get

leisure they listen several songs, but in holidays they enjoy Bangla Movie drama etc.

3.4 Conclusion

In Satranji palli is the variety of physiography and cultural state that carries out the traditional

view, the physiography is the responsible to establish the Satranji in this place like Nishbetganj,

Rangpur. Climate is suitable for raw material dried, and colored, soil is suitable to set up

humidity and temperature is favourable for the workers. The people of Satranji is the example

of culture because they are mostly religious mined they pray 5 times of prayers, they enjoys

another religious festive, they are not like to quarrel to anyone. This study area is full fill of

place to set up Satranji Industry, In this analysis I

chose this area for fulfill my report

51

Chapter: Four

Data Sources and Methods

52

4.1 Introduction

This chapter iswill be focusing on the research design, sampling techniques, methodologies,

Etc. This study is descriptive and analytical. The major part of the study depends on primary

and secondary sources, but information has also been obtained from a sample of 100 handicraft

unit holders (selected randomly) through a well-designed questionnaire. Various statistical

tools and techniques have been used to analyze and interpret the data

4.2 Research Methodology

Research is the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information (data) in order to

increase our understanding of the phenomenon about which we are concerned or interested.

Research is a common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. The urge of understand things

may be rightly termed as research, in other words we can also refer research as a scientific and

systematic search of pertinent information of specific topic. The concept of research is thus

closely linked with human endeavor for better understanding of his evolution, environment

and growth through diverse stages of human history.

Research therefore, has been an integral part of academic pursuits in the past. It has served two

fold purpose, intellectual sharpening and evolving new theories to explain diverse

Phenomenon through which mankind survived with the progress of modern era. Human

curiosity has leads to understand his environment in different angles. This process of studying

this awareness of man manifested in a process known as research

Systematic way is very important to complete any work properly. Research methodology is a

way to study the various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his

research problems systematically along with the logic assumptions and rationale behind them.

Research methodology can be varied depending on the objectives of the research.

Research methodology is one of the important parts in any research work. Research

methodology is the description, explanation, and justification of various methods of conducting

research. It is considered as the foundation of research process. Broadly speaking,

methodology is the underlying principles and rules of organization of philosophical system or

inquiry procedure (Urdong, 1968). The systematic surveying the plan of research and the

problems and prospects are the main subject matter of discussion in the methodology. In other

53

words we have to follow a systematic way to complete any work properly. Methodology

describes in detail the tools and techniques which are used to complete the research and to

describe results.

4.3 Data

Data is distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a special way. In computing, data

is information that has been translated into a form that is more convenient to move or process.

In other contexts, data has somewhat different meanings. Information in raw or unorganized

form (such as alphabets, numbers, or symbols) that refer to, or represent, conditions, ideas, or

objects. Data is limitless and present everywhere in the universe

4.4 Methodology

The process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making Data is distinct

pieces of information, usually formatted in a special way. In computing, data is information

that has been translated into a form that is more convenient to move or process. In other

contexts, data has somewhat different meanings. Information in raw or unorganized form (such

as alphabets, numbers, or symbols) that refer to, or represent, conditions, ideas, or objects.

Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study.

It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a

branch of knowledge. Typically, it encompasses concepts such as paradigm, theoretical model,

phases and quantitative or qualitative techniques.

A methodology does not set out to provide solutions - it is, therefore, not the same as a method.

Instead, a methodology offers the theoretical underpinning for understanding which method,

set of methods, or so- applied to specific case, for example, to

calculating a specific result. It has been defined also as follows:

The analysis of the principles of methods, rules, and postulates employed by a

discipline"

"The systematic study of methods that are, can be, or have been applied within a

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/format.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/form.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/symbol.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/represent.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/condition.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/idea.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/object.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/universe.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/process.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/data.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/maker.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/format.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/form.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/symbol.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/represent.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/condition.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/idea.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/object.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis

54

4.4.1 Research Design:

The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different

components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively

address the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and

analysis of data. Note that your research problem determines the type of design you should

use, not the other way around

Designing a research will help the researcher plan and implement the study in a way that will

help the researcher to obtain intended results as according to Groove (2001). It therefore

increases the chances that could be associated with the real situation at hand thus coming up

with a viable research. Orna and Steven (1995) also are in the same way saying that a research

design is a means of critical investigation in a bid to discover specifically something about the

problem at hand through inquiries, collection of information solve the problem. Singleton and

Straits (1999: 91) are of the idea that a research design is a detailed strategy which is inclusive

of the statement of the problem and plans of gathering, processing and interpreting the gathered

data intended to provide some recommendations to the problem.

In this regard, the researcher will use a case study approach which allows for in-depth account

of factors that show the major causes of development induced displacement. This is so as it

may also assist in validating the data gathered. Bell (2001) define research design as an

arrangement for collection of data with the aim of combining relevance and purpose of the

study so as to improve the quality of the research, which can only be achieved through better

understanding of the research.

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Figure 4.0 Process of Research Design

4.4.2 Descriptive Research

Descriptive Research is a fact finding investigation which is aimed at describing the

characteristics of individual, situation or a group (or) describing the state of affairs as it exists

at present. The type of research method used is descriptive. The aim of descriptive research is

to verify formulated hypotheses that refer to the present situation in order to elucidate it.

Define

objectives

Decide

information

needed

Determine

participant

profile

Select

sample

Design

interview

questions

Conduct

interviews

Transcribe

responses

Analyse

responses

for themes

Write up

report

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Descriptive research is used because the research is primarily concerned with describing the

nature and conditions and degree in detail of the present situation

A descriptive research is conducted using 100 respondents, where in the detailed analysis of

preference of shopping, preference on organized and unorganized outlets, latest trend towards

Satranji outlets. Where in the detailed analysis of the quality of the service is analyzed with

respect to various variables and compared with the competitors to arrive at a conclusion on the

basis of finding and suggestions, which would help the company to provide greater service and

make necessary improvements in the service quality.

4.4.3 Sampling:

Sampling methods are classified as either probability or nonprobability. In probability

samples, each member of the population has a known non-zero probability of being selected.

Probability methods include random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified sampling.

In nonprobability sampling, members are selected from the population in some nonrandom

manner. These include convenience sampling, judgment sampling, quota sampling, and

snowball sampling. The advantage of probability sampling is that sampling error can be

calculated. Sampling error is the degree to which a sample might differ from the population.

When inferring to the population, results are reported plus or minus the sampling error. In

nonprobability sampling, the degree to which the sample differs from the population remains

unknown.

4.4.3.1 Sampling Design

A sampling design specifies for every possible sample its probability of being drawn. To

understand certain things and have some objective in mind. In each case there is a target

population. The idea behind principle of sampling is that we seek knowledge about the total

units by observing a few units and extend our inference about the sample to the entire

population.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_%28statistics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability

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4.4.3.2 Process of Sampling in Research in my Study Area

Figure 4.1: Process of Collect Samples in Research in my Study Area

Decide on questions

to be studied

Obtain

data

Obtain

information

about how data

were gathered

Obtain

information about

data alterations

(rounding,

Plan statistical analysis,

including contingency plans

Analyze data

Interpret and

apply results

Other

information

(e.g., context,

other research)

Decide what measures

are appropriate for

questions

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4.4.4 Tools of Data Collection

In present study both primary as well as secondary data will be used, which will helps in

identifying socio economic condition of Satranji palli and problem and limitation of Satranji

palli artisans. It also helps to identify how artisans struggled their life for progressing poverty.

Tools of Data collection is to the selection of the study area, period of the study, sampling

technique and sample size, data processing and analysis.

4.5 Data Sources:

In present study both primary as well as secondary data is used, for the success of this research,

the researcher will use the two sources of data which are primary data and secondary data.

This is an attempt to attain the most objective data and valid data from both sources. The two

sources will be justified below.

4.5.1 Primary Data

The primary data for the study will be collected by means of structured questionnaire and di

the data which are collected as raw information from various sources are called Primary data.

Primary data was collected from research field. Singleton and Straits (1999) are of the

judgment that primary data is constituted as an eye witness account of the events as they occur.

It therefore makes it the focal peak of the research. Primary data is gathered through one on

one interviews, questionnaires and field observations. Observations are also essential as they

are less prone to bias. The methodology used for collecting primary data is given below:

Questionnaire

Interview

Observation

This report is done personally to the 100 respondents to get their responses.

4.5.1.2 Interviews

Kuman and Aaker (1999) define interviewing as direct contact between the interviewer and

the respondent in a suitable environment. They are echoed by Moser and Kalton (1971:27) as

they also say that an interview is a conversation between interviewer and the respondent with

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the purpose of eliciting certain information from respondent. The targeted people are busy

people who are engaged in Satranji Production. I have an appointment with the Satranji

Production management body that he assisted in the research under study. I use structured

interviews which are less time consuming but equally effective. This is by use of prescribed

questions for the interview respondents

4.5.1.3 Field Observation

There are two types of observations as Kumar (2011) postulated. There is participative and

non-participative observations. Participative observation is when the researcher involves

himself in the activities of the people under study with or without the knowledge of the group

to capture the objectives of the study. Non participative is the opposite of this one as the

researcher will not actually take part in the activities of the day to day running. The researcher

will however use the non-participative method whereby the researcher will be just observing

without any action.

Field research is often associated with ever-changing situations and is often used in conjunction

with other research instruments to supplement the data (Singleton and Straits (1999).

Observations are when the researcher involves himself in the environment of study.

I carry out some field observations at the actual Satranji Palli, Nishbetganj in study. It helps

me to analyse and also have the actual feel of the environment. I add flesh to the interviews

and the questionnaires as outlined above.

4.5.1.4 Qu