satellite network dimensioning

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5986-Interference - 1 For use by Intelsat customers only – please do not distribute. Satellite Network Dimensioning Andreas Spoormaker Director Customer Solutions Engineering-Intelsat Africa

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Satellite Network Dimensioning. Andreas Spoormaker Director Customer Solutions Engineering-Intelsat Africa. Agenda. Service Level Elements Common Satellite Network Technology Economics – Cost of Ownership Which Solution is Best for My Network? Link Optimization Initiatives. Agenda. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Satellite Network Dimensioning

5986-Interference - 1For use by Intelsat customers only – please do not distribute.

Satellite Network DimensioningAndreas SpoormakerDirector Customer Solutions Engineering-Intelsat Africa

Page 2: Satellite Network Dimensioning

5986-Interference - 2For use by Intelsat customers only – please do not distribute.5824-Interference-Free - 2

Agenda• Service Level Elements• Common Satellite Network Technology• Economics – Cost of Ownership• Which Solution is Best for My Network?• Link Optimization Initiatives

Page 3: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Agenda• Service Level Elements• Satellite Network Technology Options• Economics - Cost of Ownership• Which Solution is Best for My Network?• Link Optimization Initiatives

Page 4: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Service Level Elements (1)• Example 1Mbps service descriptions…

– 1Mbps dedicated outbound / 1Mpbs dedicated inbound

– 1Mbps dedicated outbound / 256kbps dedicated inbound

– 1Mbps shared (5:1) outbound with 256kbps CIR / 256kbps shared (5:1) inbound with 32kbps CIR

– 1Mbps shared (10:1) outbound with 128kbps CIR / 256kbps shared (10:1) inbound with 16kbps CIR

– 1Mbps shared (25:1) outbound with no CIR / 1Mbps shared (25:1) inbound with no CIR

• etc…

...many potential scenarios

Need to clearly specify requirement!

Page 5: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Service Level Elements (2)IP Layer• Common Service Level criteria at IP Layer:

– Committed Information Rate (CIR) (min/max for ACM)

– Burstable Information Rate (BIR)

– Oversubscription Ratio (X:Y)

– Quality of Service (application, VoIP, Diffserv, etc…)

Page 6: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Service Level Elements (3)IP Layer• Network Dimensioning Considerations:

– Supported applications

– Number of users and locations

– Traffic per user/group

– Latency (terrestrial, access protocol, propagation ≈260ms, hub processing)

– Response time

– Scope for growth/expansion of network

Page 7: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Service Level Elements (4)• Service Level criteria can only be met if following ensured:

– Latency (delay)

– Jitter (real-time packet Rx)

– BER

– Link Availability

– Downtime

…SLA’s carry underlying commercialpenalties for non-performance…

Page 8: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Service Level Elements (5)• Satellite network is one component of end to end service• Need to dimension satellite network to ensure performance

criteria met• Efficient delivery to remote sites• Efficient inbound access method (to support CIR, BIR)• Intelsat customers can deliver against SLA

(to their end customers)

Page 9: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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The Satellite Link

… sufficient margins must be included to ensure link integrity …

Page 10: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Necessary Inputs to Determine Proper Solution• Satellite

• Frequency Band

• Hub Antenna Size

• Hub Location

• Remote Antenna Size

• Remote Locations

• Service Level– Latency, Jitter, etc.

– Availability, Downtime, etc.

• Voice Traffic– Number of VoIP Lines

– % Usage on Average

– % Usage Maximum

• Data Traffic– CIR

– BIR

– Oversubscription Ratio

• Video Traffic– Quality

Page 11: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Agenda• Service Level Elements• Satellite Network Technology Options• Economics - Cost of Ownership• Which Solution is Best for My Network?• Link Optimisation Initiatives

Page 12: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Satellite Access Technologies• Hub platform supporting delivery to multiple sites via shared

outbound• Dedicated or shared inbound, depending on service

requirements/platform

Page 13: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Satellite Access TechnologiesOutbound (TDM, DVB-S2, etc.)• Hub-based shared mechanism• IP Packet Switching over an MCPC Carrier• TDM combines multiple data streams/packets using variable

time slot lengths• Statistical multiplexing allocates bandwidth on an as-needed

basis using different statistical decision criteria• Much tighter IP packet transmission than a remote shared

mechanism (TDMA, DVB-RCS, etc.) – reduced overhead• Some version of TDM used for the outbound carrier of most

every satellite point-to-multipoint network solution

Page 14: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Satellite Access TechnologiesInbound (TDMA, DVB-RCS, etc.)• Allows multiple remotes to access shared medium in an organized

fashion

• Access control is required– Reference bursts

• Timing references for all stations to allow proper burst interleaving within TDMA frame

– Guard time• Transmit timing accuracy and range rate variation of satellite

• Traffic burst– One remote at a time

– Detailed traffic plan is calculated and disseminated

– One or many slots per burst

– One remote per slot

Page 15: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Satellite Access TechnologiesInbound (SCPC)• Single Channel per Carrier provides the ability for one remote to

access the same medium at a time in a non-contended fashion– No sharing of bandwidth between remotes within the medium itself

– No concept of a timeframe as packets are tightly packed without concern of contention

• No access control required– Associated overhead eliminated

– All “bursts” are traffic, one after another not overhead

• Each site has a fixed amount of bandwidth available to it at all times

Page 16: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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TDM/MF-SCPC Model

Advantage Disadvantage

Dedicated bandwidth for each remote inbound

Each remote requires its own space segment

Provides superior Quality of Service for critical applications

Expensive OPEX if each remote bandwidth is not fully utilized

Low Latency and Low Jitter

SCPC modems typically more expensive than TDMA modems

Best transmission method for real-time applications, voice, data, video, broadcast, etc.

Fixed data rates on the inbound links

Single Channel Per Carrier

Page 17: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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TDM/MF-TDMA Model

Advantage Disadvantage

Sharing of satellite bandwidth

Increased Latency and Jitter

Lower overall OPEX compared to dedicated pipes

Demanding remotes can burden the system

Good for low data rate applications

Fragmentation of packets. Less effective for voice and video

Low cost remotes Expensive hub equipment

Large population of users

All remotes must be designed around worst case link

Time Division Multiple Access

Page 18: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Agenda• Service Level Elements• Satellite Network Technology Options• Economics - Cost of Ownership• Which Solution is Best for My Network?• Link Optimisation Initiatives

Page 19: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Satellite Network Economics“Cost of Ownership”• Operating Expenses (OPEX)

– Satellite space segment

– Teleport operations

– Licensing

• Capital Expenses (CAPEX)– Remote

• Indoor Kit

• Outdoor Kit

– Hub Equipment• Indoor Kit

– Ground equipment, routers, switching equipment

• Outdoor Kit– Converters, RF, HPA, antennas

Operating Operating ExpensesExpenses

Capital Capital ExpensesExpenses

Network Operations + DepreciationNetwork Operations + Depreciation

Total Cost of OwnershipTotal Cost of Ownership

Operations & Maintenance

Transmission OPEX

Power

Spares/SupportTraining

SiteRental

NetworkEquipment

SiteEquipment

CivilWorks

NRO

TransmissionEquipment

Page 20: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Mbps vs. MHz

DataMbps

Layer 2 O/H

FEC

Modulation • Data• Actual Information

• Layer 2 O/H• Control• Addressing * • Guard Band *• Reference Bursts *

• Modulation•Bits/Hz

• FEC• Added Redundancy

Page 21: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Mbps vs. MHzRevenue and Cost Bases

DataMbps

Layer 2 O/H

FEC

Modulation …Service REVENUE based uponIP Rate in Mbps…

…Main OPEX cost based upontotal MHz required…

An end user’s service level requirements and per-site price

points will determine what realistic margins may be achievable…

Page 22: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Satellite Access Technologies(Info Rate vs. IP Rate)• Two different data rates are important when sizing a TDMA

network… IP Rate and Information Rate• IP Rate is the actual IP throughput including IP headers and

data at Layer 3 of the OSI model– Represents actual LAN traffic on both remote and hub LANs

• Information Rate is the actual Layer 2 information, including TDMA framing overhead, sent over the satellite

– Link budgets must account for Information Rate, not IP Rate

– Different platforms have different IP Rate / Information Rate ratios• Depends on satellite access method

– aloha, slotted aloha (minimum delay, low traffic), TDMA

Page 23: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Forward Error CorrectionTurbo Product Coding (TPC)• Iterative decoding process

• Process produces a likelihood and confidence level measure for each bit

• Two parallel decoders “collaborate” and reach joint decision on bit value

• Low latency (vs. TCC, Vit/RS)– Due to the fact that there is no need to buffer for interleaving

• Turbo Product Coding– Lower Eb/No requires less power

– Higher efficiency requires less bandwidth

Less BW

Less Power

Viterbi / RS TPC

Page 24: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) • Basis of DVB-S2 standard (LDPC/BCH)• Third-class of Turbo Code

– Turbo Product Coding (TPC)

– Turbo Convolutional Coding (TCC)

• Iteratively decoded block code• Performs 0.7 dB – 1.2 dB better than TPC at low FEC rates (3/4

and below)• While coding gain is greater, processing delay can be an issue

Page 25: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Spectral Efficiency vs. Eb/No

Source : Comtech EF Data

Page 26: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Benefits of Forward Error Correction• Advances in FEC can offer ≥ 3-5 dB of performance• 3 dB of Coding Gain can:

– Reduce required bandwidth by 50% (OPEX)

– Increase data throughput by a factor of 2 (OPEX)

– Reduce antenna size by 30% (CAPEX)

– Reduce transmitter power by a factor of 2 (CAPEX)

– Provides more link margin (Service Level)

Page 27: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Bandwidth vs. Power• Allocated BW

– Transponder bandwidth actually used

– Linear function of modulation and FEC

– Decreases with higher order mods and FECs

– “Bandwidth Limited” links have greater allocated BW compared to PEB

• Power Equivalent BW– Transponder power

required to close link

– Complicated function of hub antenna, remote antenna and satellite specifics along with required Eb/No

– Increases with higher order mods and FECs

– “Power Limited” links have greater PEB compared to allocated BW

Balanced Allocated BW/PEB

Page 28: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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CAPEX (Hub Hardware)• Two models of hub hardware cost assignment

– Per project

– Over multiple projects

• Hub platform costs can introduce significantly high barriers to entry

– Lower cost hubs have lowered this barrier

– Virtual Network Operator (VNO) concept lowered this entry cost

• Growth costs must also be considered– Function of how many end customers a “starter kit” can support

• Equipment re-use– Some platforms use the same hardware for hub and remote

Page 29: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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CAPEX (Remote Hardware)• Remote costs can become significant part of the total cost

of a network– Portion of TCO grows with the size of the network

• Indoor Kit– Low-cost TDMA/DVB-RCS Indoor Units (IDUs) have dropped in

price to $1,000

– SCPC modems $4,000+

• Outdoor Kit– Antenna and ODU sizing based on either shared carrier size or

dedicated carrier size

– Example 1024 kbps TDMA inbound carrier with each remote requiring a 256 kbps service

Page 30: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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CAPEX (Remote Hardware)TDMA vs. SCPC

• ODU requirements TDMA site requires ~30% more power• Bandwidth requirements SCPC site requires ~53% more BW• Avg. CIR 256kbps vs. 512kbps (TDMA vs. SCPC)

Page 31: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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CAPEX (Remote Hardware)TDMA vs. SCPC

• ODU requirements TDMA site requires ~160% more power• Bandwidth requirements SCPC site requires ~53% more BW• Avg. CIR 256kbps vs. 512kbps (TDMA vs. SCPC)

Page 32: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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CAPEX (Remote Hardware)TDMA vs. SCPC

• ODU constant Higher mod and/or FEC possible with SCPC • Hub CAPEX constant in SCPC model, variable with TDMA• Ratio of Avg. CIR / BIR will determine best solution

Page 33: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Agenda• Service Level Elements• Satellite Network Technology Options• Economics - Cost of Ownership• Which Solution is Best for My Network?• Link Optimization Initiatives

Page 34: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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So Which Solution is Best??

TDM / MF - SCPC TDM / MF-TDMA

Page 35: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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So Which Solution is Best??• Satellite

• Frequency Band

• Hub Antenna Size

• Hub Location

• Remote Antenna Size

• Remote Locations

• Service Level– Latency, Jitter

– Availability, Downtime

• Voice Traffic– Number of VoIP Lines

– % Usage on Average

– % Usage Maximum

• Data Traffic– CIR

– BIR

– Oversubscription Ratio

• Video Traffic– Quality

… only with this information can one make the proper decision…

Page 36: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Agenda• Service Level Elements• Satellite Network Technology Options• Economics - Cost of Ownership• Which Solution is Best for My Network?• Link Optimization Initiatives

Page 37: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Link Performance OptimizationIntelsat support to optimise throughput / service delivery:• Optimized link analysis (LST-5, STRIP7, IOO) • Beam/txp/carrier allocation to optimise outbound/inbound

performance• In-house evaluation of hardware (managed service portfolio) operating conditions (e.g. IESS, 16APSK DVB-S2, CCT) • VNO – traffic optimization (iDirect)

Page 38: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Satellite ParametersOrbit LocationCoverageFootprintFrequency bandTransponder Op Mode

Customer RequirementsCIR/BIR/oversubscription/QoSVoIP traffic profilesVideo/data profileLatency, Jitter etc.IP/Information RateBERAvailability

Network ArchitectureNumber of carriersAccess type (Outbound/Inbound)Modulation, Coding

DimensioningSatellite BandwidthTxp Operating PointHub/Remote AntennaHPA SizeLink Performance

Link Budget

Network Dimensioning

Page 39: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Satellite Parameters – Footprint Data

•Technical User Guides (TUG) – Footprint Data (IS-902/62°E)

•Transponder, Connectivity, etc.

Page 40: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Link Optimization • LST5 link budget tool• STRIP7, OFPS (Intelsat)• 8PSK/8QAM, 16QAM, 16APSK • ACM - maximize throughput under dynamic link conditions

(SLA)• LDPC (incorporated into LST5)• CCT optimization algorithm soon (guidance on interim LST-5

approach)

Page 41: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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16APSK Operation• Detailed testing of Newtec Elevation DVB-S2 modulator to

determine practical operating conditions for 16APSK under multicarrier txp / saturated txp scenarios• With pre-correction• No pre-correction – assessment of HPA OBO for TWTA,

linearized TWTA, SSPA• Implications for general DVB-S2 platforms

Page 42: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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16APSK Operation• No significant impact for use of linear pre-correction for group

delay/frequency response for multi-carrier transponder • Require non-linear pre-correction to compensate for amplitude

and phase distortions associated with operation near transponder saturation• Uplink HPA assumed to operate multi-carrier OBO• Requires transponder characteristics (freq response, group

delay, AM/AM, AM/PM)• Newtec calculation of pre-distortion data (approx. 24 hours)• Load data into Newtec modulator

Page 43: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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8PSK A => B B => ATypical 8PSK Link

QPSK8PSK QPSK (Spreading)

Bandwidth increases,Power decreasesA => B A => B

Original Link shownfor Reference

QPSK - WithDoubleTalk

Carrier-in-Carrier

Apply DoubleTalk Carrier-in-Carrier -Composite Carrier uses Less Bandwidth

& Less Power Compared to Original

Composite Link

Comtech Double Talk Carrier-in-Carrier

Page 44: Satellite Network Dimensioning

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Comtech Double Talk Carrier-in-Carrier

Teleport

“Remote”

CCT CxrFwd & Rtn

Local NewPoint

CDM-625

CDM-625

Mgmt Router

CRS-300 1:NRedundancy Switch CDM-625

SpecAn

Firebird #1

Firebird #2

G.703 unbal

G.703 unbal

Hub System

Control & Monitoring of link test equipment

CR

S-2

80 IF

Sw

itch

Teleport Loopback test

Page 45: Satellite Network Dimensioning

5986-Interference - 45For use by Intelsat customers only – please do not distribute.

Thank You: Questions?