russian revolution 1 1.why did the czarist regime fail? 2.how did the bolsheviks eventually come to...

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RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1. Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2. How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

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Page 1: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

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1. Why did the Czarist regime fail?

2. How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

Page 2: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

Who ruled Russia?• The Romanov dynasty ruled for 300 yrs. (1613 – 1917)

• If Czar was overthrown, industrial workers could govern Russia

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Nicholas IIAlexandra

Page 3: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

Why was there a lack in confidence in the Czar?

• Russia was totally unprepared for war• Russia lacked:

– factories/supplies– transportation system– modern equipment– competent military leader– Lack of food– Inflation went up– Wages didn’t

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Page 4: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

WW I – 1914

•1915 – Nicholas II took command of Russian military

•IF RUSSIA FAILS , SO TOO WOULD NICHOLAS II

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•Czar Nicholas II hoped war would unite Russia & stop talks of revolution

•patriotism increased Rapidly

Page 5: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

WWI Conditions Worsen•As food & goods grew scarce peasants grew desperate

•Nicholas at the front Czarina left in charge (unpopular)•Alexandra took advice from Rasputin (corrupt/immoral)

•A Russian peasant and self-proclaimed mystic / holy man who gained significant influence over Tsar wife

Grigory Rasputin- “The Mad Monk” 5

Page 6: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

Suffered from life threatening illness

•Hemophilia is rare bleeding disorder in which the blood doesn’t clot normally.•

•Rasputin – Stopped the bleeding

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Alexis

Page 7: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

Revolution Begins•March 8, 1917 – Petrograd

•Unhappy citizens marched through the city

•Czar – ordered troop to break up demonstrations (shoot)

•Police & soldiers were sympathetic (refused)

•The Duma – (Russia’s legislature) defied Nicholas II met anyway

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Russian workers striking

Page 8: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

Provisional GovernmentThe Duma – established temporary government

Urged Czar to step downAlexander Kerensky

March 15, 1917 – Riots protesting the shortage of food forced the Czar to abdicate

Czar Nicholas II

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Page 9: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

Provisional Government

• mid-1917 – Kerensky’s provisional government decided to carry on the war

• Russian army was weak & collapsed

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Page 10: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

Bolsheviks & V.I. Lenin

• Founder of the Bolshevik Party• First leader of the Soviet Union.• Spent most of the early 20th

century living in exile (primarily Britain and Switzerland).

• Devout follower of Marxism• Believed that once a Communist

revolution took place in Russia, Communism would spread rapidly around the world.

• He returned to Russia in April 1917 and orchestrated the October Revolution that turned Russia into a Communist state.

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Page 11: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

October Revolution

• November 1917 – Bolshevik seized The Winter Palace

• Kerensky’s government didn’t put up much of a fight• Lenin established radical communist program• Promised PEACE LAND AND BREAD

– private ownership = illegal– land redistributed to peasants

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Page 12: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

After the Revolution

• Lenin wanted to end involvement in war

• Leon Trotsky was sent to negotiate with Central Powers

• Russia lost much land to Central Powers in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

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Page 13: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

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Page 14: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

Civil War• Some Russians disliked the negotiations & their results

• opponents of Bolsheviks = “White Army”

• France & United States supported White Army• RED ARMY vs. WHITE ARMY

– fighting & famine cost millions of lives

• late 1920 – Bolsheviks triumph

• 1921 – New Economic Policy: plan permitting some capitalist activity

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Page 15: RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1 1.Why did the Czarist regime fail? 2.How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

The Soviet Union

• 1922 – economy began to improve

• 1922 – Russia reunited with neighboring lands that had belonged to Russian Empire

• Became Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union

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