CHAPTER 28 SECTION 4

RUSSIA WITH STALIN IN CHARGE.NOT CONCERNED WITH DEVELOPMENTS OUTSIDE OF RUSSIA

STALINS GOALS FOR RUSSIA1. Create the perfect Communist state in Russia2. Set up Central Government Planning all decisions go through Moscow (COMMAND ECONOMY)3. Build strong Nationalism protect Russia from all foreign enemies MAKE RUSSIA #14. Catch up to the west in 10 YEARS! (50-100yrs behind militarily and industrially)

5 YEAR PLANS(1st plan: 1928 1933)1. Command Economy2. Each industry had target goals to reach in 5 years3. All government money invested in industry, energy and transportationProduction of consumer goods decreases

THE FIVE YEAR PLAN INPRACTICE HOW IT REALLY WORKS?1. THE GOVT. decides who works and where and for how long2. THE GOVT. decides where you live3. THOSE WHO OBJECT OR ARE SLACKERS were imprisoned or killed

DID THE FIVE YEAR PLAN WORK?????????????YES AND NO --- Goals werent met BUT amazing progress made in 5 yearsElectricity generated increased 800%; steel production increased from 4 million to 18 million tons

THE 2ND FIVE YEAR PLAN (1933-1938)SAME SET UP AS THE FIRST PLAN, BUT NEW, NEW HIGHER GOALS!!!RESULTS:1. Increase in coal production2. Increase in the # of RR3. Increase in electric productions4. Development of Siberia (natural resources)

EDUCATION LEVELS ROSE --- Those with promise/talent given special privilegesGOVT. CONTROL OF EDUCATION/DAILY LIFE INCREASEDSTANDARD OF LIVING DECREASED

GULAGS FORMED (Prisons in Siberia work camps)BY 1938 The Soviet Union is a WORLD POWER (Like the US, GB, and Germany)

STALINS AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION:Agricultural policy was BRUTALSimilar to the 5 year plan but worse

USSR IN 192825 Million small farms7000 tractors140 million people

STALINS PLAN:COLLECTIVE FARMS

STARTING IN 1928:No privately owned farms

All land is used to create large farms

TYPICAL COLLECTIVE FARM STALINS VISION:Huge acreage100s of families live and work there togetherModern machinery and farming methodsGOAL more food produced by less people!!!!!!!!

THE REALITY OF COLLECTIVE FARMS:Peasants hated the idea and objected; KULAKS (wealthier farmers) rebelDestroyed crops/livestock rather than give it to the governmentFamines in 1931 and 1932

STALINS REACTIONTake harvest from farmers by force --- give to citiesKill (5-10 million)/exile (to Siberia) those who protest ---- GULAGBY 1938 ---- 90% OF ALL FARMS COLLECTIVIZED

SOVIET UNION UNDER STALIN1. Totalitarian Government (a country which a dictator or small group controlled every part of the lives of its citizens

2. Secret police with unlimited power to arrest, kill, etc.

3. Religion more or less outlawed churches closed-religion was taught to be a backward idea in schools

SOVIET UNION UNDER STALIN CONTINUED:4. 1934 Communist Party PurgesTrials and executions held for Crimes against the stateAll original Bolsheviks (Lenins buddies, even Stalins supporters) killed

5. Anyone could be arrested/tried/killed exiled for any reasonExamples: Having friends in other countriesZoo animals sick directors fault (punished)Police had quotas to fill (find enemies of state or die yourself)

THE SOVIET UNION UNDER STALIN CONTINUED AGAIN.6. SU progresses in terms of Technology and Industry7. Personal rights/freedoms (worse than under Alexander III)8. Standard of living --- low compared to the West9. Small elite group (communist party) lived well and had all the power.