russia land of the czars, lenin, stalin and gorbachev

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RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

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Page 1: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

RUSSIAland of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and

Gorbachev

Page 2: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

Czar: a title given to the rulers of Russia, it comes from the

name Caesar. The czar was an absolute monarch.

• Famous Russian Czars included• Ivan the Terrible• Peter the Great• Catherine the Great• Nicholas II

Page 3: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

Here’s some Russian history:

1200s to 1500sIn 1238 the Mongol “Golden

Horde” conquered Muscovy (Moscow) and ruled for 250 years. In 1547, the first Romanov czar (Ivan the Terrible) was crowned.

Page 4: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

Ivan the Terrible

• Ruled until 1584• Called “terrible” due

to his temper and the fact that he murdered his own son.

Page 5: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

1600s to 1800s

In 1682 Peter the Great began to rule. In 1762 Catherine the Great began to rule. Both brought Western influence to Russia to improve life in Russia to modernize their country. That is part of why they were great!

Page 6: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

Peter the Great

• Ruled Russia from 1682-1725• Went to Europe as a young

man bringing back ideas and inventions to modernize Russia.

• Created St. Petersburg the “Venice of the north.” This city became a naval capital for Russia.

Page 7: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

Catherine the Great

• Born in 1730, she was a German princess.

• Married the grandson of Peter the Great at 15

• Ruled for 34 years after overthrowing her husband

• She was credited with the further beautification of St. Petersburg by adding mansions, palaces and encouraging art and culture.

• She died in 1796 and her son Paul became czar.

Page 8: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

Nicholas II

• Last czar of Russia• Married a German princess• Was a cousin of the king of

England • Was a poor ruler, he ignored

the needs of his people• Disastrous losses during WWI

caused him to be overthrown by Lenin and the Bolsheviks

• Killed with his entire family by the communists

Page 9: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

Hemophilia and the Royal Families of Europe

• Queen Victoria was a known carrier of the disease, several of her son’s having died young as a result of minor injuries.

• This disease was passed on to many royal families in Europe through Queen Victoria’s descendants.

• Hemophilia B was confirmed in the case of Alexei, son of Nicholas, Russia’s last czar.

Page 10: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

Story of Anastasia• The photo at the right was taken

shortly before the death of the czar and his family

• The entire family was shot and their bodies were dumped in a well outside the city of Yekaterinburg where they were being held prisoner.

• It was thought that the daughter Anastasia survived the shooting and escaped to Paris where she confronted her grandmother, one of the royal family that escaped.

• The escape story proved to be false, in spite of it being made into two movies.

Page 11: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

1900 to 1950 In 1905 violence among the serfs

and workers led to the formation of the Duma (like our congress.) The Czars fell and Lenin established a communist government. In 1924, Stalin became dictator of the Soviet Union.

Page 12: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

Lenin• Revolutionary and head of the

Marxist/Communist state of Russia from 1917-1924

• As a young man he was in and out of trouble with the czar’s police for his underground activities, assassination plots and political beliefs.

• He spent 1 ½ years in prison

• In 1917 he was living in Europe, but returned to Russia and with the Bolsheviks helped to overthrow the government that had overthrown the Czar.

• He remained in power until his death in 1924

Page 13: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

STALIN• Totalitarian dictator of the Soviet

Union from 1941-1953, Stalin was one who founded the communist state.

• Called the Man of Steel, he brought a command economy and 5 year economic plan to the Soviet Union in 1928 making it an industrial power. By using forced labor.

• Stalin headed the Soviet delegations to Yalta and Potsdam that decided what Europe would look like at the end of WWII

Page 14: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

1922 – 1991 Russia “joined” together with other countries to form the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics—also called Soviet Union) until smaller states pushed for independence.

Page 15: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

1950 to 1990s

After World War II, the Cold War (a period of tension---but no fighting) existed between the Soviet Union and the United States. Beginning in 1985, reforms (change) led by Gorbachev led to the breakup of the Soviet Union into smaller nations. (They were tired of Russia telling them what to do.)

Page 16: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

Gorbachev• Last leader of the Soviet Union• Only Soviet leader born under

communism• Won the Nobel Peace prize in 1990 for

his attempts to negotiate an end to the Cold War with President Reagan

• Introduced Perestroika (encouraging democracy and creative ideas) and Glasnost (more freedoms, especially freedom of speech)

• Decided to allow eastern European countries to decide what type of government they would like to have

• Responsible for the fall of the Berlin wall and allowing the reunification of Germany

Page 17: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

TERMS

you should know!

Page 18: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

The first Russian czar czar was known as Ivan the Terrible.

Page 19: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

The process of westernizationwesternization, or becoming more like Western Europe, came slowly to Imperial Russia.

Peter the Great made men cut their beards because he thought it was too old-fashioned!

Page 20: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

Communism Communism is a form of government in which farms and factories are owned

by the state.

Communists say everything is owned by everyone, but how does that work?

Page 21: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

Stalin was a dictatordictator, a ruler with unlimited power.

Page 22: RUSSIA land of the Czars, Lenin, Stalin and Gorbachev

The Cold WarCold War was a period of tension between the United States & the

Soviet Union.