runway safety briefing

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FAA Runway Safety Briefing

Sun n Fun EAA Fly-In

April 2002


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Outcome: Zero fatalities

resulting from runway

incursions.


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What Do You Think?

Q:What is the most common runway incursion

caused by pilots?


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Runway Incursions

A runway incursion is any occurrence on an airportrunway involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on

the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a

loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off,

landing, or intending to land.

The FAA investigates runway incursions and attributes the

occurrence to one or more of the following error types:

Operational Error

Pilot Deviation Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviation


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Growing demand for air travel and NAS capacity

The U.S. National Airspace System isthe Busiest in the World

Pressure to reduce delays and to enhance safety

Over 64 million operations a year = 175,000 a day (11 yr avg)

Over 650,000 pilots240,000 aircraft

Over 450 towered

airports

Over 16,000 air traffic controllers

General Aviation accounted for 57% of FY 2001 operations


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Runway Incursions and General

Aviation Statistics


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General Aviation and Air CarrierAirports by Runway Incursions(CY19972001)

38

34

32

30

18

11 11 11

6 6

0

10

20

30

40

SNA VGT FXE LGB CCR APA PRC SRQ VNY SFB

General Aviation Airports

#ofRunwayIncursions

Air Carrier Airports

41

38

30 29

27

2322 22

18

14

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

LA X S TL P HX DF W O RD S FO B OS E WR LA S LG A

#ofRunwayIncursions

Total Ops (1997-2001)

SNA2.1M STL2.5M

LGB2.1M PHX2.9M

FXE1.2M DFW4.4M


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Percentage of General Aviation PilotDeviations

CY 1997-2000

CY 2001

Non-GA

PDs 30%

GA PDs

70%

PD

54%

V/PD

20%

OE/D

25%

Non-GA

PDs 26%

GA PDs

74%

PD

56%

V/PD

21%

OE/D

23%


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Runway Incursions

292

325 321

431

383

0

100

200

300

400

500

CY97 CY98 CY99 CY00 CY01

NON-PD

NON-PD

NON-PD

NON-PD NON-PD

PDs not

GA

94 GA

PDs

67%

PDs not

GA

PDs not

GA

PDs not

GA

PDs not

GA

194 GA

PDs

75%

135 GA

PDs

74%

122 GA

PDs

65%

158 GA

PDs

74%

Total Tower Operations (millions)

64.44 66.21 68.67 67.6864.44 66.21 68.67 65.45


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What Do You Think?

Q:Whats the common theme?

A:Human Error


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Primary Causal Factors of Pilot DeviationRunway Incursions (1997-2001)

There were 970 Pilot Deviation Runway Incursions719 of these Pilot Deviations were able to be evaluated

Other pilot deviations included landing over aircraft in position

and landing/departing on closed runways

537 from pilot either entering the runway or crossing the

hold short line after acknowledging hold short instructions

95 from pilots departing after acknowledging taxi into

position and hold instructions


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What Do You Think?

Q:How many pilot deviations are General Aviation?

Out of 537 pilots either entering the runway or crossing thehold short line after acknowledging hold short instructions,

368 involved General Aviation - thats 69%!

Out of 95 pilots departing after acknowledging

taxi into position and hold instructions,

70 involved General Aviationthats 74%!


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What Do You Think?

Q:What are the most recurring pilot deviations?

1. Pilots acknowledge hold short instructions and either

enter the runway or cross the hold short line

2. Pilots depart after acknowledging taxi into position

and hold instructions

3. Pilots land over aircraft in position

4. Pilots land/depart on closed runways


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Helpful Hints

Read back all runway crossing and/or hold shortinstructions

Review airport layouts as part of preflight planning andbefore descending to land, and while taxiing as needed

Know airport signage and markings

Review Notices to Airmen (NOTAM) for information onrunway/taxiway closures and construction areas

Do not hesitate to request progressive taxi instructionsfrom ATC when unsure of the taxi route


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Helpful Hints

Check for traffic before crossing any Runway Hold Line and

before entering a taxiway

Turn on aircraft lights and rotating beacon while taxiing and onrunway

When landing, clear the active runway as quickly as possiblethen call for taxi instructions before further movement

Study and use proper radio phraseology as described in theAeronautical Information Manual (AIM) in order to respond to

and understand ground control instructions

Write down taxi instructions at airports


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Sarasota Bradenton

The most recent fatal U.S. runway collision accidentoccurred in March 2000, when two general aviation aircraft

collided on the runway at the Bradenton International Airport in

Sarasota, Florida, killing all four onboard.

X


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Heres How We Are Helping

Sponsor new technology

Distribute runway safety materials

Notify pilots of certification requirements

Survey pilots on understanding of procedures

Improve data and statistics tracking

Partner with Industry to better inform our users


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Technology

AMASS

A total of 40 Systems37 anticipated to be commissionedby the end of 03 at 34 airports, and 3 support

11 Systems Commissioned: San Francisco, Detroit, LosAngeles #1 and #2, Salt Lake City, Seattle, Chicago, St.

Louis, Boston, Miami and Newark

ASDE-X

Software Development In Progress

Site Acceptance Test at Milwaukee in September 02


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Technology

Other Technologies being assessed Motion Activated Lighting System (MALS)

Ground Marker

Electronic Message Board

Runway Status Lights System

Safe Flight 21Surface Moving Map


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Advisory Circulars

AC No. 120-74 Part 121, 125 and 135 flight crew procedures during taxiprocedures

AC No. 91-73

Part 91 pilot and flight crew procedures during taxioperations and part 135 single-pilot operations

Recently published, available through the runway

safety website (www.faa.gov/runwaysafety), and partof an upcoming mailing to pilots.
http://www.faa.gov/runwaysafetyhttp://www.faa.gov/runwaysafety


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Practical Test Standards

Surface operations are a required topic for practicaltest standards

Required both for initial and recurrent certification for

pilots and Certified Flight Instructors

Standards will be published April 30, 2002


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CFR Part 91.129(i) Survey

Contains a provision that statesA clearance to taxi to the

takeoff runway assig ned to the aircraft is not a clearance to cros s thatassigned takeoff runway, or to taxi on that runway at any poin t, bu t is

a clearance to cros s oth er runways that intersect the taxi route to that

assigned takeoff runway.

176 pilots surveyed at Oshkosh Fly-in, 7/01

Four scenarios presented

48 pilots (28.1 percent) responded correctly to all four scenarios

Majority of CFI-rated pilots, (55.8 percent), responded incorrectly

Most pilots misunderstood a taxiing clearance thatinvolved crossing a runway that was the assigned

takeoff runway


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Runway Safety Website www.faa.gov/runwaysafety

www.faa.gov/runwaysafety


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Visit us in the FAA FSDO Safety Center hangar to

Participate in a Pilot Situational Awareness Survey

Check your knowledge of airfield markings


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FAA Runway Safety Briefing

Sun n Fun EAA Fly-In

April 2002

runway safety briefing

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