• Ruled by Henry VII (late 15th century)• His son Arthur dies as a young adult

– Brother Henry VIII marries his widow (Catherine)• Henry VII dies in 1509

– Henry VIII takes the throne as King of England• Henry VIII seeks a male heir

– Only child is Mary• He seeks an annulment from his wife

– Pope would not grant an annulment because there was no infidelity

Henry’s Issues• Henry splits England from

the Catholic Church– Pope said no to the annulment– He starts the Protestant

Church of England

• Henry marries a total six times– They end in divorce,

beheading, death, & ultimately his death

– Only has one boy: Edward VI

• Edward VI was a sickly child & died as young king

• Throne passed to first-born heir – Mary I– AKA Bloody Mary for her

attacks on Protestants

• Eventually succeeded by Elizabeth I– One of England’s most

powerful & longest reins– Restored Protestant faith to

England

Family TreeFerdinandRuled

1476-1516Isabella of Castile Henry VII

(Died 1509)Elizabeth of York

Catherine of AragonArthur

(Died 6 months after wedding)

Henry VIIIBetrothed at 3 years old

Married in 1501

Married in 1509/Divorced(Anullement) in 1533

Elizabeth IBorn 1533/Ruled

1558-1603

Jane Seymour

Edward VIBorn1537/Ruled

1546-1553

Philip II of SpainBorn 1527/Ruled

1556-1598 Married in 1555

Mary a.k.a. Bloody MaryBorn 1516/Ruled 1553-1558

Anne Boleyn

Rise of England• Profitable for England to attack Spanish shipsEngland to attack Spanish ships

– Gave a portion of the loot to the English govt.– “Sea Dogs” became national heroes for this

• The Spanish were angered– Philip II of Spain offered to Philip II of Spain offered to marry Elizabeth marry Elizabeth in hopes of stopping the attacks & making

country Catholic again• Elizabeth refusedElizabeth refused

– Nickname the Virgin QueenVirgin Queen

Philip II unloads the country’s treasury to build a fleet of ships to crush Englandfleet of ships to crush England

The fleet of 130 ships would be known as the Spanish Armadaknown as the Spanish Armada

Spain built huge galleons that were larger, but slower than the English ships

The ships were large enough to carry: - The newest, most powerful cannons- Sailors to man the ship- Army to unload on the coast- Priests to convert the English people to Catholicism

Attack of the Armada• The English used every

ship in their fleet– They defeated a few by

darting around them– They stripped many stripped many

ships & lit them on fireships & lit them on fire, pushing them into the Armada

• Most critical blow came from a storm– Retreating Armada Retreating Armada

blown into the rocksblown into the rocks– Known as Protestant Wind

• Spain was never as powerful againnever as powerful again• Spain focused on Central & South America after

the Armada• They grew the Catholic Churchgrew the Catholic Church in the New World• They built large estates, called haciendas

– Became plantationsplantations – – large crop raising farmslarge crop raising farms• Spain turned to a new labor force

– Following the death of many natives– Used forced labor from Africa– African Diaspora – Forced removal of African African Diaspora – Forced removal of African

slavesslaves

Movement of living things between both hemispheres