Rosario OrtegaJuan Calmaestra

Joaquin Mora-Merchán

With the col. of Paz Elipe

Rosario Del Rey

Cyberbullying in Spain Cyberbullying in Spain Findings of the DAPHNE II Programme Project

METHOD: SampleMETHOD: Sample

1671 students (7 Secondary and High Schools)

Age (M): 14.4594.1% Owns a Mobile Phone82.7% Has access to a Computer

51,30%

48,70%

Boys Girls

32,10%35,90%

32%13 yrl. 15 yrl. 17 yrl.

VICTIMS & AGGRESSORSVICTIMS & AGGRESSORS

Cyberbullying

Mobile phone

Internet TOTAL

Occasional Aggressor 4.2 % 3.6 % 6.7 %

Occasional Victim 3.7 % 6.2 % 8.3 %

Severe Aggressor 0.9 % 1.0 % 1.5 %

Severe Victim 0.5 % 1.3 % 1.7 %

TOTAL 9.3 % 12.1 % 18.2 %

VICTIMS

VICTIMS

1 or 2

2 or 3 times

a moth

1 a week

Several

times a

week

TOTAL

Victims of Direct

Bullying7,5 % 1,3% 1,1% 0,8% 10.7%

Victims of Indirects Bullying

12,4% 1,7% 0,8% 1% 15.9%

Cybervictims Mobile phone

3,7% 0,3% 0,1% 0,1% 4.2%

Cybervictims Internet

6,2% 0,5% 0,2% 0,6% 7.5%

Occa.

7.5%

6.2% 1.3%

12.4%

0.5%

3.5%

Severe

3.2%

3.7%

Age Direct Bullying

Age Direct Bullying

12,24%

6,07%

8,83%

4,03%

0,93% 1,32% 0,84%

4,85%3,57%

12,50%

10,07%

1,34%

0,00%

2,00%

4,00%

6,00%

8,00%

10,00%

12,00%

14,00%

13 yrl. 15 yrl. 17 yrl.

Occasional Aggressor Occasional Victim

Severe Aggressor Severe Victim

Age Indirect Bullying

Age Indirect Bullying

1,31% 1,50% 1,34%

4,14%

14,23%

13,40%

14,42% 13,97%

12,45%10,55%

3,96%2,36%

0,00%

2,00%

4,00%

6,00%

8,00%

10,00%

12,00%

14,00%

16,00%

13 yrl. 15 yrl. 17 yrl.

Occasional Aggressor Occasional Victim

Severe Aggressor Severe Victim

AgeVía mobile phone

AgeVía mobile phone

1,89%

5,15%

1,32%1,01%0,76% 0,51%

4,20%

3,95%

4,31%

4,06%

0,37%0,38%

0,00%

1,00%

2,00%

3,00%

4,00%

5,00%

6,00%

13 yrl. 15 yrl. 17 yrl.

Occasional Aggressor Occasional Victim

Severe Aggressor Severe Victim

*

*

Agevia the Internet

Agevia the Internet

3,21%

5,88%

4,54%

1,51%

6,38%

7,79%

1,18%1,13%0,57% 1,01%

1,52%1,32%

0,00%1,00%2,00%3,00%4,00%5,00%6,00%7,00%8,00%9,00%

13 yrl. 15 yrl. 17 yrl.

Occasional Aggressor Occasional Victim

Severe Aggressor Severe Victim

Overlapping in victimization experiencesOverlapping in victimization experiences

74,49%15,21%

5,09%5,21%

No victim

Victim of traditionalbullying

Victim ofcyberbullying

Victim of both

Emotional profiles(only victims)

Emotional profiles(only victims)

DIRECT BULLYING

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Percentagege

Not bothered

Angry

Afraid and worried

Depressed, alone anddefencelessFew emotions

Emotional Profiles of Indirect and Cybervictims

Emotional Profiles of Indirect and Cybervictims

Indirect Bullying

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Percentageee

Internet

05

1015202530354045

Percentagege

Affected

Not bothered

05

101520253035

Percentagege

Affected

Not bothered

Mobile phone

Conclusion and DiscussionConclusion and DiscussionThe emotional profiles of cybervictimitation are

similar to the indirect bullying. The cyberbullying could be characterized as an

indirect form of bullying (Slonje & Smith, 2008).

How can we interpreted the differences found between emotional profiles in direct bullying and in the other types of bullying?

Heterogeneity of behaviours included in direct bullying The face-to-face characteristic could make the emotional information in the interactions episodes more “readable”.

SUMMARY SUMMARY

Prevalence of cyberbullying in Spanish young people is still lower than the traditional bullying (nearly half of the traditional cybervictims).

Instant Messaging (Internet) and nasty call (mobile phone) are the most common form of cyber-harassment.

Gender -as traditional bullying- is important, but age does not follow the traditional trends (to peak on 15 year old using mobil phone and maintenance by using the Internet).

Lasting of cybervictimization is shorter than in traditional one. A high numbers of cyberaggressors remain on anonimity

(specially using the Internet) An small group of students overlap, suffering all kind,

traditional and cyber, victimisation.

Cyberbullying in adolescence: investigation and intervention in six European Countries

Cyberbullying in adolescence: investigation and intervention in six European Countries

III

With collaboration:Joaquín Mora-MerchánPaz Elipe

Contributions to Daphne IIIContributions to Daphne III

Aims:

Investigation

Intervention

Dissemination

InvestigationInvestigation

The Spanish team has already collected 1669 Daphne questionnaires from 7 secondary and high schools. Are more necessaries?

  1º ESO 3º ESO 1º

BACH

Total

Boy

n 300 267 290 857

% 55,8% 50,1% 48,5% 51,3%

Girl 

n 238 266 308 812

% 44,2% 49,9% 51,5% 48,7%

Total

 

n 538 533 598 1669

% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

InvestigationInvestigation

Having in mind the intervention we would like to administrate to the students:

Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) on Internet. Adaptation of the Davis (1980, 1983): IRI, validated to study empathy and pro-social behaviour linked

CAPIC: Questionnaire about self-steem, prosocial behaviour, internet compulsive use and cyberbullying.

Discussing group about positive uses of ICT and about how can be used to cope with cyberbullying.

InterventionIntervention

Based on the pro-social use of Internet.

Aims:

to develop adolescent pro-social behaviour

to reduce adolescent anti-social behaviour

to reduce adolescent implication in cyberbullying

InterventionIntervention

Beginning of October: pre-test in three secondary

schools

From October until May: develop of the intervention

Students

Teachers

Parents

End of May: Pos-test

MaterialMaterial

New materials Protocol of cyberbullying designed with a multidisciplinary groups

of professionals (EMICI): lawyer, journalist, computer Technician,

DisseminationDissemination

Edition of material for students, teachers and

parents

Participation in International Congress:

Final seminar

Articles