ROOT CANAL SEALERS

BYG.SANDHYA3RD YEARCHETTINAD DENTAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Root canal sealers are used in conjunction with biologically acceptable semisolid or solid obturating materials to establish an adequate seal of the root canal system.

ABSENCE OF ROOT

CANAL SEALANT

APPLICATION OF ROOT CANAL SEALANT PREVENTS THE BACTERIAL GROWTH AND PENETRATION

FUNCTIONS OF ROOT CANAL SEALERS

Serves as a filler for canal irregularities and minor discrepancies between the root canal wall and core filling material.

To obturate the lateral canals

Acts as lubricant

Enhances the possible attainment of an impervious seal

Can assist in microbial control.

For radiopacity

IDEAL REQUIREMENTS:

Should provide an excellent seal when set.

Should produce adequate adhesion between itself , the canal walls, and the filing material.

Should be radiopaque.

Should be nonstaining.

Should be dimensionally stable.

Should be easily mixed and introduced into the canals.

Should be easily removed if necessary.

Should be insoluble in tissue fluids.

Should be bactericidal or discourage bacterial growth.

Should be non irritating to the peri radicular tissues.

Should be slow setting to ensure sufficient working.

CLASSIFICATION OF CURRENTLY EMPLOYED ROOT CANAL SEALANTS: (GROSSMAN)I. Zinc oxide eugenol based sealers

II. Calcium hydroxide based sealers

III. Glass ionomer based sealers

IV. Resin based sealers

a) Grossmans’s formulab) Roth’s 801c) Tubliseal

a) Sealapexb) Apexit

a) Ah plusb) Ah26c) Epiphanyd) Diaket

ZINC OXIDE-EUGENOL CEMENTS:

zinc oxide-eugenol cements modified for endodontic use

Mixing vehicle is mostly eugenol or in combination with other liquids like canada balsam.

Setting time adjusted for adequate working time.

Radiopacity 4-5mm of aluminium.

GROSSMAN’S SEALER Modified grossman’s formula-1974

Most advocated –provides good seal .

COMPOSITION:POWDER

Zinc oxide - 40parts

Staybellite resin- 30 parts

Bismuth subcarbonate- 15 parts

Barium sulphate- 15parts

Sodium borateAnhydrous- 1 part

LIQUID

Eugenol

PROPERTIES:

Plasticity and slow setting time-sodium borate anhydrate.Good sealing potential and small volumetric changeApical extrusion gets absorbed.

DISADVANTAGES:Resin is of coarse particle size

SETTING TIME:Hardens approximately 2hrs 37 degree C in canal.

MANIPULATION:

Sterile glass slab with spatula,2 or 3 drops of liquid-small increments of cement powder,2 smooth creamy consistency.

To test proper consistency- drops test and string out test

Commercially available as Roth’s 801 root canal sealer

WACH’S SEALER

POWDER

Zinc oxide 10gms

Tricalcium phophate 2gms

Bismuth subnitrate 3.5gms

Bismuth subiodide 0.3gms

Heavy magnesium oxide

0.5gms

LIQUID

Canada balsam 20ml

Oil of cloves 6ml

INDICATION:All the lateral condensation methods, when chance of overfilling is present.

CONTAINDICATIONS:When heavy lubrication is needed.

PROPERTIES:Medium working time .Medium lubricating qualityMinimal periapicalSticky (canada balsam)Should be mixed to smooth creamy consistency Should string out atleast 1 inch when spatula raisedIcrasing thickness of sealer lessens lubricating effect, so indicated when there is possibility of over extensionAvailable as powder and liquid in separate bottles.

ADVANTAGES:

Germicidal ,less periapical irritation ,stays in position .

DISADVANTAGES:

Odour of the liquid.

TUBLI SEAL

Slight modification made in rickert’s formula2 paste system –base and catalyst

COMPOSITION:

BASEZinc oxide 57-59%

Olea resins 18.5-21.5%

Bismuth trioxide 7.5%

Thymol iodide 3.75-5%

Oil and waxes 10%

LIQUIDEugenol

Polymerised resin

Annidalin

SETTING TIME20 mins- glass slab5min-root canal

ADVANTAGES:

Easy to mixExtremely lubricatedDoes not stainExpands after setting.

DISADVANTAGES:

Irritant to periapical tissuesVery low viscosity –extrusion through apical foramen.Working time less than 30mins and even shorter in presence of moisture.

INDICATIONS:

when apical surgery to be performed immediately after filling

Because of great lubricating property –good choice when it becomes difficult for a master cone to reach last mm of preparation.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ZOE SEALERS:

ADVANTAGES:

Ease of manipulation Adhesion to dentinal walls, only slight dimensional change.Radiopaque , germicidal property, minimal staining, ample working time

DISADVANTAGES:

All are cytotoxic and inflammatory response is seen.Not easily absorbed from apical tissues.

SEALAPEX

SEAL APEX

Non –eugenol calcium hydroxide polymeric resin root canal sealer.

100% humidity takes 3 weeks to reach final set , never sets in dry atmosphere.

Sealer expands while setting

APEXITAvailable in syringes.

COMPOSITION:

BASE WEIGHT%Calcium hydroxide/calcium oxide

36.9

Hydrated collophonium

54.0

Fillers and other auxiliary materials.

9.1

CATALYST WEIGHT%

Disalicylate 47.6

Bismuth hydroxide/bismuthcarbonate

36.4

Fillers and other auxiliary materials

16.0

ADVANTAGES:

Excellent biological tolerance.

Easy to mix

Radiopaque

Hard setting

GLASS IONOMER

SEALERS

Less tissue irritation , low toxicity

Because of adhesive qualities recommended as sealers.

It is not used nowadays because of difficulty to remove from root canal.

ADVANTAGES:

Best physical qualities, best bonding to dentin, fewest voids, best flow , strengthen the roots.

DISADVANTAGES:

Cannot be removed from the root canal.

RESIN BASED ROOT CANAL SEALERSDIAKET:

Polyvinyl resin and reinforced chelate formed between zinc oxide and diketone

Fine white powder and viscous honey coloured liquid, 2 drops of liquid mixed with 1 scoop of powder

Hardens rapidly about 6-8 mins on glass slab even more rapidly on root canal

Known for its resistance to absorption ,superior to other sealers in tensile strength and resistance to permeability.

Mild inflammatory reaction occurs when over filled.

AH 26Epoxy resin sealers characterised by reactive epoxide ring polymerised by the breaking of this ring.PROPERTIES:Good adhesive property.Good flow Antibacterial contracts slightly while hardeningLow toxicityAddition of hardener makes cured resin chemically and biologically inertConsists of yellow powder and viscous resin liquid mixed to hick creamy consistencySlow setting 36-48 hrs at body temperature and 5-7 days at room temperature.Long setting time and material fluidityNo cracking or separation from the dentinal wallsIt releases formaldehyde during setting.

AH PLUS

Epoxy resin based sealer,2 component paste.

Easy to mix and adapt closely o the root canal.

Minimal shrinkage upon setting ,long term dimentional stability

Mix equal volume of paste A and paste B.

Setting time 8 hours at 37 degree C.

Spatulas, mixing slab and instruments immediately cleaned with alcohol or acetone.

ADVANTAGES:

Excellent biocompatibility

Easy handling and application

Outstanding physical properties

Excellent radiopacity

Suitable for all oburation techniques.

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

Reversible acute inflammation of the oral mucosa when it is exposed to the unset paste.

It does not re

lease

formaldehyde during

setting and hence

more safer than

AH26

APPLICATION OF ROOT CANAL

SEALERSMEASURING THE WORKING LENGTH COMPLETE DRYING OF CANAL

APPLICATION USING PAPER

POINT OR MASTER CONE

EXCESS MATERIAL IS REMOVED

REACTIONS TO THE OBTURATING MATERIALS:

If the material is extruded into the periradicular tissue it can be highly irritating and may reduce the probability of healing by about 25%.

Zinc oxide eugenol type of sealers are probably irritating because of eugenol.

Epoxy resin sealers are more biocompatible.

All the filing materials should be confined to the root canal.

THANK YOU