Romantic MusicRomantic Music

How do you know which How do you know which music is from the music is from the

romantic period??romantic period??

Types of instrumental musicTypes of instrumental music

Program musicProgram music: an instrumental music : an instrumental music associated with a story, poem (created associated with a story, poem (created during this period) .during this period) .

Absolute MusicAbsolute Music: It is instrumental music : It is instrumental music written for its own sakewritten for its own sake

Program SymphonyProgram Symphony: An instrumental : An instrumental composition in several movements based to composition in several movements based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea.some extent on a literary or pictorial idea.

Types of instrumental musicTypes of instrumental music Symphonic PoemSymphonic Poem: a one-: a one-

movement orchestral piece movement orchestral piece based to some extent on a based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea. literary or pictorial idea. (developed by Franz (developed by Franz Liszt).Liszt).

Incidental MusicIncidental Music: Music : Music intended to be performed intended to be performed before and during a play before and during a play to set the mood for scenes to set the mood for scenes or highlight dramatic or highlight dramatic action. action.

Most Popular Types of InstrumentsMost Popular Types of Instruments

Piano:Piano: Technology was Technology was

improvedimproved Cast iron frame was Cast iron frame was

invented to hold strings invented to hold strings under more tensionunder more tension

The hammers were The hammers were padded with feltpadded with felt

The damper pedal was The damper pedal was invented invented

Most Popular Types of InstrumentsMost Popular Types of Instruments

Orchestra:Orchestra: Larger and had more Larger and had more

tones then in classical tones then in classical time periodtime period

Also grew in number of Also grew in number of members, towards the members, towards the end it was close to 100 end it was close to 100 musiciansmusicians

Musical elementsMusical elements

Uses a lot of different keys, and changes Uses a lot of different keys, and changes between them throughout the whole piece of between them throughout the whole piece of musicmusic

Used chromatic harmony more frequently Used chromatic harmony more frequently Unique emphases on individual style Unique emphases on individual style You could easy tell which composer wrote the You could easy tell which composer wrote the

piece within seconds of listening because they piece within seconds of listening because they each had there own individual style each had there own individual style

Common Techniques UsedCommon Techniques Used

Emphasized emotionsEmphasized emotions Didn’t use “by the books” formDidn’t use “by the books” form Used contrasting dynamics from Used contrasting dynamics from pppppppp to to ffffffff The notes ranged from extremely low to extremely The notes ranged from extremely low to extremely

highhigh Happened because of the wider range of instrumentsHappened because of the wider range of instruments

Used dramatic changes in tempo (acc. or rit.)Used dramatic changes in tempo (acc. or rit.) Used Rubato to make sections more dramaticUsed Rubato to make sections more dramatic

Lengthen some notes and shorting others Lengthen some notes and shorting others

Romantic composersRomantic composers

Born December 16, 1770 in Bonn, GermanyBorn December 16, 1770 in Bonn, Germany Regarded by many as the first Romantic composer, famous for his nine Regarded by many as the first Romantic composer, famous for his nine

symphonies, thirty-two piano sonatas, sixteen string quartetssymphonies, thirty-two piano sonatas, sixteen string quartets Father: weak-spirited- drank excessively- recognized Beethoven’s talent Father: weak-spirited- drank excessively- recognized Beethoven’s talent

but disappointed when failed to emulate Mozart as child prodigy but disappointed when failed to emulate Mozart as child prodigy Considered a late-bloomer in terms of a child prodigy- did not begin his Considered a late-bloomer in terms of a child prodigy- did not begin his

debut until the age of eightdebut until the age of eight Through positions as assistant organist, he obtained his first composition Through positions as assistant organist, he obtained his first composition

lessons and by age 17, he went to Vienna to study under Mozart.lessons and by age 17, he went to Vienna to study under Mozart. After Mozart’s death, he was introduced to Joseph Haydn in late 1790, and After Mozart’s death, he was introduced to Joseph Haydn in late 1790, and

began studying with him. began studying with him.

Ludwig van BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven

Beethoven’s MusicBeethoven’s Music He was messy, rude, egotistical, unconventional with the times and not He was messy, rude, egotistical, unconventional with the times and not

accepted by polite societyaccepted by polite society 1795: publication of the first of his compositions: the piano trios of Opus 1795: publication of the first of his compositions: the piano trios of Opus

1. 1. 1798: tackled the string quartet and the symphony.1798: tackled the string quartet and the symphony. He composed the second through eight symphoniesHe composed the second through eight symphonies third symphony, nicknamed Eroica: famous span of attention-grabbingthird symphony, nicknamed Eroica: famous span of attention-grabbing The famous Rasumovsky String Quartets were conducted during this time- The famous Rasumovsky String Quartets were conducted during this time-

considered part of the most difficult music in the string quartet. considered part of the most difficult music in the string quartet. Music was revolutionary, and not only in technique. Beethoven's expanded Music was revolutionary, and not only in technique. Beethoven's expanded

forms broadened the scope for emotional expression, giving voice to the forms broadened the scope for emotional expression, giving voice to the revolutionary spirit of the age. revolutionary spirit of the age. “I despise a world which does not feel that

music is a higher revelation than all wisdom and philosophy.”

Music continued…Music continued… Began to go deaf but music becomes deep, rich and very dimensional. Began to go deaf but music becomes deep, rich and very dimensional. No longer was there composing under previous bounds of the classical era, No longer was there composing under previous bounds of the classical era,

but rather he was composing with disregard for what had been thought the but rather he was composing with disregard for what had been thought the limitations of the performer or the liking of the audience. He was limitations of the performer or the liking of the audience. He was composing for himself and the ages. composing for himself and the ages.

The final quartets which completed the sixteen entourage of chamber The final quartets which completed the sixteen entourage of chamber music along with the 32 piano sonatas was a glimpse of Beethoven's true music along with the 32 piano sonatas was a glimpse of Beethoven's true composition brilliance. composition brilliance.

He spent all of 1818 composing the Hammerklavier Sonata which was He spent all of 1818 composing the Hammerklavier Sonata which was nearly an hour long. nearly an hour long.

His ability to build large-scale musical structures that lasted for hours was His ability to build large-scale musical structures that lasted for hours was among the rarest gifts that the world has ever seen.among the rarest gifts that the world has ever seen.

Died from lead poisoning March 26th, 1827, at the age of 56, Died from lead poisoning March 26th, 1827, at the age of 56, and despite all his rudeness and indifference and despite all his rudeness and indifference for polite society, thirty-thousand people still for polite society, thirty-thousand people still attended his funeral. attended his funeral.

Hector BerliozHector Berlioz Born December 11, 1803 in FranceBorn December 11, 1803 in France Age 13- started his musical education, taking lessons in guitar, flute, and Age 13- started his musical education, taking lessons in guitar, flute, and

singing- never studied the piano as a childsinging- never studied the piano as a child 1821: enrolled in the Conservatoire under Jean- François le Sueur in Paris1821: enrolled in the Conservatoire under Jean- François le Sueur in Paris won the Prix de Rome (scholarship for arts students) by La mort de won the Prix de Rome (scholarship for arts students) by La mort de

Cléopâtre, or the Death of Cleopatra- reveals fantastic compositional Cléopâtre, or the Death of Cleopatra- reveals fantastic compositional imagination.imagination.

During 1829-1830- wrote his most famous piece Symphonie FantastiqueDuring 1829-1830- wrote his most famous piece Symphonie Fantastique tells the story of "an artist gifted with a lively imagination" who has tells the story of "an artist gifted with a lively imagination" who has

"poisoned himself with opium" in the "depths of despair" because of "poisoned himself with opium" in the "depths of despair" because of "hopeless love.” "hopeless love.”

Composed the overtures to King Lear (tragedy by William Composed the overtures to King Lear (tragedy by William Shakespeare) and Rob Roy and began work on a sequel Shakespeare) and Rob Roy and began work on a sequel to Symphonie fantastique, Lélio in 1855.to Symphonie fantastique, Lélio in 1855.

Hector’s MusicHector’s Music Between 1830 and 1840: wrote many of his most popular and Between 1830 and 1840: wrote many of his most popular and

enduring works.Harold en Italie (1834), the Grande messe des enduring works.Harold en Italie (1834), the Grande messe des morts (1837) and Roméo et Juliette (1839).morts (1837) and Roméo et Juliette (1839).

1844, Berlioz's highly influential book, 1844, Berlioz's highly influential book, Treatise on Treatise on InstrumentationInstrumentation was published for the first time- detailed was published for the first time- detailed aspects of conducting aspects of conducting

La damnation de Faust (English: The Damnation of Faust) is a La damnation de Faust (English: The Damnation of Faust) is a work for orchestra, voices, and choruswork for orchestra, voices, and chorus

“Beethoven opened before me a new world

of music, as Shakespeare had revealed a

new universe of poetry”

Hector’s MusicHector’s Music Composed the overtures to King Lear (tragedy by Composed the overtures to King Lear (tragedy by

William Shakespeare) and Rob Roy and began work William Shakespeare) and Rob Roy and began work on a sequel to the Symphonie fantastique renamed on a sequel to the Symphonie fantastique renamed Lélio in 1855.Lélio in 1855.

His work as a conductor was highly influential and His work as a conductor was highly influential and brought him fame across Europebrought him fame across Europe

Initially began conducting due to frustrations over the Initially began conducting due to frustrations over the inability of other conductors but his expert inability of other conductors but his expert understanding of the way the sound of each understanding of the way the sound of each instrument interacts with each other made him one of instrument interacts with each other made him one of the best of his timethe best of his time

Died on March 8, 1869 Died on March 8, 1869

Felix MendelssohnFelix Mendelssohn

He was born as Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn He was born as Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy in Hamburg, Germany on February Bartholdy in Hamburg, Germany on February 3rd, 1809.3rd, 1809.

Lived an extremely short life, dying on Lived an extremely short life, dying on November 4, 1847 in Leipzig, Germany.November 4, 1847 in Leipzig, Germany.

Parents were Abraham Mendelssohn and Lea Parents were Abraham Mendelssohn and Lea Salomon.Salomon.

Regarded as a child prodigy, taking piano from Regarded as a child prodigy, taking piano from the age of four.the age of four.

Began composing Operas at age nine.Began composing Operas at age nine.

Felix MendelssohnFelix Mendelssohn

Wrote twelve string symphonies Wrote twelve string symphonies between ages of 12 and 14.between ages of 12 and 14.

Wrote the Overture to a Wrote the Overture to a Midsummer Night's Dream when he Midsummer Night's Dream when he was 16, which is one of his most was 16, which is one of his most famous pieces. famous pieces.

Spoke German, English, Italian, and Spoke German, English, Italian, and Latin.Latin.

Had poor health towards the end of Had poor health towards the end of his life, suffering from fits and his life, suffering from fits and rages.rages.

Hugo WolfHugo Wolf

Born in Windishgratz, Austria, on Born in Windishgratz, Austria, on March 13, 1860 and spent most of March 13, 1860 and spent most of his life in Vienna. His name at his life in Vienna. His name at birth was Hugo Filipp Jakob Wolf.birth was Hugo Filipp Jakob Wolf.

He contracted Syphilis by age 18, He contracted Syphilis by age 18, which would later go on to kill which would later go on to kill him.him.

Played the violin, piano, and organ Played the violin, piano, and organ from an early age.from an early age.

Hugo WolfHugo Wolf Published 245 songs, 44 in Spanish.Published 245 songs, 44 in Spanish. Began to shine as an artist and composer in the late Began to shine as an artist and composer in the late

1880’s, especially in 1888 when he wrote songs that 1880’s, especially in 1888 when he wrote songs that matched Schubert and Schuman in variance and flow.matched Schubert and Schuman in variance and flow.

Tried to down himself, and was admitted to an Tried to down himself, and was admitted to an asylum with his consent.asylum with his consent.

Greatest musical influence was Richard Wagner, who Greatest musical influence was Richard Wagner, who encouraged him.encouraged him.

Famous for use of tonality to reinforce meaning, Famous for use of tonality to reinforce meaning, tonality being the use of concentrating on two tonal tonality being the use of concentrating on two tonal areas to depict conflict.areas to depict conflict.

Classical Music vs. Classical Music vs. Romantic MusicRomantic Music

SimilaritiesSimilarities

SignificanceSignificance FormForm

Romantics appreciated Romantics appreciated Classical formClassical form

Chamber musicChamber music Harmony & MelodyHarmony & Melody Ludwig Van BeethovenLudwig Van Beethoven

His early compositions were Classical style, His early compositions were Classical style, while his later ones were considered Romanticwhile his later ones were considered Romantic

ComposersComposers Classical Era ComposersClassical Era Composers

Mozart & HaydnMozart & Haydn Romantic Era ComposersRomantic Era Composers

Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Schumann, Schubert, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Schumann, Schubert, Chopin, Wagner, Strauss, Verdi, Liszt, Chopin, Wagner, Strauss, Verdi, Liszt, Mendelssohn, Puccini, Mahler, & BeethovenMendelssohn, Puccini, Mahler, & Beethoven

Classical Music is formed…Classical Music is formed…

Sometimes, a new style of music is formed Sometimes, a new style of music is formed when composers ‘reject’ the old style…when composers ‘reject’ the old style… This happened with classical composers, they This happened with classical composers, they

wanted to get away from Baroque style music and wanted to get away from Baroque style music and invent something differentinvent something different

Romantic Music is formed…Romantic Music is formed…

Romantic composers did not Romantic composers did not reject Classical musicreject Classical music They continued to write They continued to write

symphonies, concertos, sonatas, symphonies, concertos, sonatas, and operasand operas

Kept “Kept “rules” rules” of rhythm, of rhythm, melody, harmony, harmonic melody, harmony, harmonic progression, and tuningprogression, and tuning

What is the difference?What is the difference?

The attitude towards the The attitude towards the “rules” “rules” Classical: Classical:

composerscomposers were interested in providing an easily- were interested in providing an easily-audible audible (capable of being heard) (capable of being heard) structure for the musicstructure for the music

Reflected artistic & intellectual ideas of its timeReflected artistic & intellectual ideas of its time Provided order & boundariesProvided order & boundaries Music was seen as an abstract art & universal Music was seen as an abstract art & universal Music can be happy/sad but the emotions stay within Music can be happy/sad but the emotions stay within

“boundaries” “boundaries”

What is the difference?What is the difference?

Romantic:Romantic: Did not feel constrained by formDid not feel constrained by form Personal sufferings could be reflected in musicPersonal sufferings could be reflected in music Music was not just happy/sad. it could be joyous, Music was not just happy/sad. it could be joyous,

terrified, filled with deep longings, etc.terrified, filled with deep longings, etc. Tried to use music the describe Tried to use music the describe

specific places, people & ideasspecific places, people & ideas

What is the difference?What is the difference?

Classical- Classical- balance, control, proportion, balance, control, proportion, symmetry, and restraintsymmetry, and restraint

RomanticRomantic-new, curious, and adventurous -new, curious, and adventurous Classical-Classical- order, equilibrium, and perfection order, equilibrium, and perfection with limitswith limits

Romantic-Romantic-cherishes freedom of expression, cherishes freedom of expression, movement, passion and imagination movement, passion and imagination (Dorak)(Dorak)

Romantic MusicRomantic Music

Composers could not compose from the heartComposers could not compose from the heart They could now follow their own direction and They could now follow their own direction and

could please themselves More could please themselves More lyrical/programmatic than the dramatic music of lyrical/programmatic than the dramatic music of Classical EraClassical Era

Long sections of composition may continue as Long sections of composition may continue as one unbroken rhythmic patternone unbroken rhythmic pattern

Works CitedWorks Cited Brhel, John. “Similarities Between Classical and Brhel, John. “Similarities Between Classical and

Romantic Music Styles.” Romantic Music Styles.” eHow: how to do just about eHow: how to do just about everythingeverything. eHow, 2010. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. . eHow, 2010. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ehow.com/ facts_5900603_similarities-<http://www.ehow.com/ facts_5900603_similarities-classical-romantic-music-styles.html>.classical-romantic-music-styles.html>.

““Classical Music Periods.” Classical Music Periods.” My FilesMy Files. N.p., 2010. Web. . N.p., 2010. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://www.mfiles.co.uk/ classical-29 Mar. 2010. <http://www.mfiles.co.uk/ classical-periods.htm>.periods.htm>.

Dorak, M. Tevfik. “Romantic (Period) Music.” Dorak, M. Tevfik. “Romantic (Period) Music.” M.Tevfik M.Tevfik Dorak’s WebsiteDorak’s Website. M.Tevfik Dorak B.A., 5 Apr. 2008. . M.Tevfik Dorak B.A., 5 Apr. 2008. Web. 30 Mar. 2010. <http://www.members.tripod.com/ Web. 30 Mar. 2010. <http://www.members.tripod.com/ ~dorakmt/ music/ romantic.html>.~dorakmt/ music/ romantic.html>.

Schmidt-Jones, Catherine. “The Music of The Romantic Schmidt-Jones, Catherine. “The Music of The Romantic Era.” Era.” ConnectionsConnections. Creative Commons Attribution . Creative Commons Attribution License, 19 Sept. 2008. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. License, 19 Sept. 2008. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. <http://cnx.org/ content/ m11606/ latest/>.<http://cnx.org/ content/ m11606/ latest/>.