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Rome 250 Day 1 Roman Founding Legends Albert Sbragia Mary R. O'Neil

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Page 1: Roman Founding Legends - University of Washington One Founding Legends… · ROMAN FOUNDING LEGENDS: MYTH VS HISTORY FOUNDING OF CITY OF ROME AUC = Ab Urbe Condita = from the founding

Rome 250 Day 1

Roman Founding Legends

Albert Sbragia

Mary R. O'Neil

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Italian saying: Roma, non basta una vita.

= “Rome, a lifetime is not enough.”

Three Romes:

Ancient/classical Rome Weeks 1-4

Medieval/Renaissance Rome Weeks 5-8

Christian & Papal capital city

later called Roma nera or “Black Rome”

due to black clerical robes of priests

Modern city 19-20th Century Weeks 9-10

19th C Risorgimento : unification of Italy

“Third Rome” or Terza Roma

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PALIMPSEST:

Manuscript written over another text

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Palimpsest – Euclid’s Geometry

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Italy topographical map

with Apennines & Alps

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GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS: ETHNIC GROUPS

CONTINENTAL ITALY (Po Valley): CELTS (called GAULS by Romans;

CISALPINA Gaul arrive around 500 BC)

PENINSULAR ITALY (Mediterranean climate)

APPENINES: SABINES

NORTH/CENTRAL: ETRURIA = Tuscany ETRUSCANS

CENTRAL: LATIUM = Lazio LATINS, including ROMANS

SOUTH: MAGNA GRAECIA GREEKS colonists from Greece

= Greater Greece (includes Neapolis, Capua)

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Ancient Italy

CONTINENTAL ITALY(Po Valley)

CISALPINE GAUL (Celts)

PENINSULAR ITALY (Mediterranean climate)

APENINES:

NORTH/CENTRAL:

ETRURIA Tuscany

CENTRAL:

LATIUM =Lazio Latins, including ROMANS

SOUTH:

MAGNA GRAECIAcolonists from Greece

= Greater Greece (includes Neapolis, Capua)

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The

Seven Hills

of

Early Rome

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ROMAN FOUNDING LEGENDS: MYTH VS HISTORY

FOUNDING OF CITY OF ROME

AUC = Ab Urbe Condita = from the founding of the city

GREEK FOUNDING MYTH: Romans accept Greek version of their origins

AENEAS THE TROJAN son of Anchises of Troy, and Venus;

wanders in Mediterranean after defeat of Troy by the Greeks,

(Trojan War Homer’s Iliad)

Aeneas arrives in Lavinium; his son Ascanius starts line of

Kings of Alba Longa, from whom Romulus is descended

Virgil’s Aeneid as most complete version of Aeneas’ story

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Aeneas leaving Troy

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Map of Aeneas’ wanderings in Mediterranean after fall of Troy

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Aeneas with Anchises (father) and Ascanius The “Trojan Group”

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Bernini 17th C

Aeneas with

Anchises

carrying the

palladium

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Palladium

household

gods of Troy

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Raphael 16th

C. Fire in the

Borgo with

Trojan group

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ETRUSCANS

North of

Tiber River

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Etruscan round tombs Cerveteri

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Etruscan

Necropolis

(city of dead)

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Etruscan sarcophagus with married couple – Villa Giulia Rome

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Apollo

of

Veii

Etruscan

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Etruscan Chimera : bronze statue

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Etruscan

bronze

statue

Mars

(from Todi)

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Hut urns for funerary ashes Modelled on early huts of 8th C. BC

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Artist’s model of an early Roman hut

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ITALIAN/ROMAN MYTH: ROMULUS & REMUS

source = Livy’s History of the Roman Republic, Book I

connected with Aeneas by filling in chronological gap

12th C BC fall of Troy (1184 traditional date) and

8th C (April 21, 753 BC) founding of Rome

succession of Kings of Alba Longa, descended from Ascanius

NUMITOR & AMULIUS: brothers, rivals for kingship;

Amulius wins unfairly

RHEA SILVIA (ILIA): daughter of Numitor,

- forced to become Vestal Virgin so she will have no heirs

- raped by MARS, who wants Rome founded;

- birth of Romulus and Remus

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Etruscan bronze SHE-WOLF (Romulus & Remus added in 16th C)

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ROMULUS & REMUS

twins, floated down Tiber to die

land at foot of Palatine Hill

fig tree called Ruminal

cave called Lupercal

nursed by She-Wolf

found by Faustulus, shepherd of King Amulius

raised as shepherds on Palatine Hill

grow up to overthrow King, restoring their grandfather Numitor

to throne of Alba Longa

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Drawing of Palatine Hill with Lupercal (wolf’s cave at left)

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Ruebens 17th C. Romulus & Remus with wolf and shepherd

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QUARREL OF ROMULUS & REMUS:

who should found Rome?

AUGURIES:

means of foretelling future, interpreting omens

Romulus on Palatine, Remus on Aventine

different versions of how quarrel started: (see Livy)

Romulus sees 6 vultures, Remus then sees 12

= priority, older = numerical majority

(patrician aristocracy) (plebians)

WALL: Romulus builds first wall on Palatine; kills Remus

FRATRICIDE = founding act of Roman state; purpose is defense of wall

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Poussin, 17th C. France The Rape of the Sabine Women

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David, 18th C. France The Intervention of the Sabine Women

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View of early Rome from west side of the Tiber River

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Cloaca maxima -- “the big sewer” draining Forum

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Ponte rotto - early bridge over Tiber

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