role of environment in urban transportation planning

8/14/2019 Role of Environment in Urban Transportation Planning

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/role-of-environment-in-urban-transportation-planning 1/29

Role of Environment inUrban Transportation

Planning (UTP)Term Report Presentation

MS- Transportation Engineering

Course – Urban Transportation Planning

Prepared By: Syed Azhar Ali

CE-042, Session 2005-06

Submitted to:

Dr. Asif Shiekh



Sequence of Presentation

Urban Transport's" Vicious or Virtuous" Cycle

The Three E’s as Guiding Principles in Urban Development

and Transport

Environmental/Ecological Sustainability

Air Pollution Effects, Contribution by transportation, NAAQS

Karachi Statistics, Developing countries studies

Noise Pollution

Sustainable Transport Instruments and Their Impact onGreenhouse Gas Emission

Success Stories



Urban Transport’s

“Vicious or Virtuous" Cycle



The Three E’s as Guiding Principles in

Urban Development and Transport



Environmental/Ecological

Sustainability



Air Pollution



Transportation % Contribution to Air

Pollutants



Karachi Statistics



Karachi Statistics

1. REGISTERED VEHICLES14,63,691 (UPTO 31-03-2003)

2. CARS 45.3%

3. MOTOR CYCLES 37.0%

4. AUTO RICKSHAWS 2.8%

5. TAXIS 3.8%

6. BUSES & MINI-BUSES1.6%

7. TRUCKS 1.7%

8. OTHERS 7.5%

9. TRACTORS 0.3%

10.VEHICLE GROWTH 10%

PER ANNUM11.ROAD ACCIDENTS-2000 1089

NONFATAL 531 FATAL 558



118210634194841000

km

50 km21483

10,23,000

2.1Other (Light

duty diesel

power etc.)

Total

1208261997921427171361000

km

100 km951399.3Heavy duty

Diesel

Powered

Bus/Trucks

69973255979139957731000

km

100 km17493317.1Light duty

Rickshaws

55483229656521000

km

10 km32633731.9Motorcycles/

Scooters

4537283629890737431000

km

28 km40510839.6Light duty

(Cars)

CO

Kg/Unit#

NOx

Kg/Unit#

SO2

Kg/Unit#

Particulate

Kg /Unit#

Units #Average

Run/day

Total

Vehicles

%age

comp.

*

Type of

Vehicles

Estimated Pollution Load From Mobile Combustion

Sources in Karachi (2000)



Karachi Air Pollution Map



Pollutants Concentration /Exposure



Global Pollution



Transport Emissions Determinants



Relative Contribution by Vehicle Type



Index of Pollutant Contribution per

Vehicle

Poor Emission Characteristics or their relatively intensive use



Index of Relative “Work Efficiency”

Mexico City



Index of Relative “Work Efficiency” -

Interpretations



Noise Pollution



Noise Pollution in Pakistan

0

20

40

60

80

100

120Sound Level in Six Cities of Pakistan

S o u n d L e v e l ( M e a n o f M a x .

1st Cycle 79.5 87 84.5 74.3 68.3 74.9

2nd Cycle 92 91 81 85 85 79

3rd Cycle 99 93.8 85 83 89 82

Karac

hi

Lahor

e

Pesh

awar

Quett

a

Rawal

pindi

Islam

abad

NEQS Standard lim it for

Noise Level is 85 dB



Sustainable Transport Instruments and Their Impact on Greenhouse Gas Emission



Success Stories Within the Road Transport Sector on Reducing

Greenhouse Gas Emission And Producing Ancillary Benefits

Ecodrive programme — Netherlands

The objective of the ecodrive programme

implemented in the Netherlands is to 'stimulate

individual drivers, professional chauffeurs and

fleet owners in more energy-efficient purchase

and driving behaviour, leading to a reduction in

CO2 emission' (van den Hoed et al., 2006).

Specific targets were to reduce CO2 emission

The programme has successfully led to

increased fuel efficiency, and hence reduced

emissions. For example, using higher gears is more

fuel efficient compared to using lower gears for longer

periods of driving — therefore by moving up the

gears at lower speeds fuel consumption and hence

CO2 emission decreased.





Speed control — Rotterdam

The speed at which a vehicle travels has

a strong correlation with fuel consumption,

and hence the level of emissions and

concentration of various pollutants. By

imposing more restrictive speed limits on

certain roads, emissions can be reduced

and ancillary benefits achieved.

The speed restrictions implemented on the A13

in Overschie were successful in reducing traffic

speeds. The average speed over a 24-hour period fell

from 93 kph to 70 kph (A13 east) and from 89 kph to 72

kph (A13 west). This reduction resulted in calmer and

more homogenised traffic and reduced downstream

bottlenecks and congestion





Congestion Charging — London

Congestion charging and road user

charging schemes aim to reduce vehicle use

by charging users to pay for entering or

traveling in a specific zone, or for using a

particular stretch of road.

In terms of the scheme's objectives, the

London congestion charging scheme can be

considered a success as it has reduced congestion by

26 % compared to 2002 levels and hence emission

reduced





Environmental zone — Prague

Prague aimed to curb negative

impacts of traffic on the environment by

almost doubling existing larger 6 tonne limit

zone (maintaining the 3.5 tonne limit zone

within the city centre area).

Compliance levels in the new part of the

environmental zone were estimated at roughly 50 %. A

shift in heavy goods traffic was seen, with associated

reductions in vehicle emission in the zone. The

measure was successful in reducing heavy vehicle

traffic by up to 85 % on the busiest routes





Freight Construction Consolidation Centre — London

The key aim of an urban freight

consolidation centre is to 'reduce the

number of separate deliveries to one place

by providing facilities where deliveries can

be collected together and then a high load

vehicle can make one large delivery into the

target area

The LCCC has been successful in reducing

the number of construction vehicles entering the City

of London, and in reducing the number of vehicles

delivering to other sites served by the LCCC. It is

thought that the number of vehicles has been reduced

by 68 %.





Teleconferencing (ICT) — the United Kingdom

Teleconferencing is the substitution of

physical meetings by electronic ones

through the use of audioconferencing,

videoconferencing and web conferencing.

This reduces dead time in transport,

reduces the uncertainty of potential travel

Recent survey has shown that conferencing has

been successful in reducing the total amount of

business travel undertaken by BT employees.

role of environment in urban transportation planning

Documents