SHREEJEE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

ROBOTICS

• Guided By:- Mr. Prakash Singh Panwar

• By:- Ravi Rathor• EC BRANCH 1ST YEAR

What is a Robot…?A re-programmable, multifunctional, automatic

industrial machine designed to replace human in hazardous work. It can be used as :-•An automatic machine sweeper

•An automatic car for a child to play with•A machine removing mines in a war field

•In space•In military , and many more..

First use of the word “Robotics”

• The word robot was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Capek(1890-1938) in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), published in 1920. The play begins in a factory that makes artificial people called robots . Capek was reportedly several times a candidate for the Nobel prize for his works .

CONT…

• The word "robotics", used to describe this field of study, was coined accidentally by the Russian –born , American scientist and science fiction writer, Isaac Asimov(1920-1992) in 1940s.

The Three laws of Robotics• Asimov also proposed his three "Laws of

Robotics", and he later added a “zeroth law”.• Zeroth Law : A robot may not injure humanity,

or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm

• First Law : A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law

CONT…

• Second Law: A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law

• Third Law : A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law.

The First Robot “UNIMATE”

robotics technology• Most industrial robots have at least the following five

parts: Sensors

Effectors

Actuators

Controllers

Arms

Sensor

Effector

Controller

Arm

Types of Robots• The most common types of

Robots are..Mobile Robots

Autonomous Robots

Virtual Robots

Remote-Controlled Robots

Stationary Robots

Mobile RobotsMobile robots are able to move, usually they perform task such as search areas. A prime example is the Mars Explorer, specifically designed to roam the mars surface. Mobile robots are a great help to such collapsed building for survivors Mobile robots are used for task where people cannot go. Either because it is too dangerous of because people cannot reach the area that needs to be searched.

Cont.…

• Mobile robots are of two types…. • Rolling Robots-• Rolling robots have wheels to

move around. They can quickly and easily search. However they are only useful in flat areas.

Cont.…

• Walking Robots• Robots on legs are usually

brought in when the terrain is rocky. Most robots have at least 4 legs; usually they have 6 or more.

Stationary Robots• Robots are not only used to explore areas or

imitate a human being. Most robots perform repeating tasks without ever moving an inch. Most robots are ‘working’ in industry settings. Especially dull and repeating tasks are suitable for robots. A robot never grows tired, it will perform its duty day and night without ever complaining. In case the tasks at hand are done, the robots will be reprogrammed to perform other tasks..

Autonomous RobotsAutonomous robots are self supporting or in other words self contained. In a way they rely on their own ‘brains’. Autonomous robots run a program that give them the opportunity to decide on the action to perform depending on their surroundings. At times these robots even learn new behavior. They start out with a short routine and adapt this routine to be more successful at the task they perform. The most successful routine will be repeated as such their behavior is shaped. Autonomous robots can learn to walk or avoid obstacles they find in their way. Think about a six legged robot, at first the legs move ad random, after a little while the robot adjust its program and performs a pattern which enables it to move in a direction.

Remote-Control RobotsAn autonomous robot is despite its autonomous not a very clever or intelligent unit. The memory and brain capacity is usually limited, an autonomous robot can be compared to an insect in that respect. In case a robot needs to perform more complicated yet undetermined tasks an autonomous robot is not the right choice. Complicated tasks are still best performed by human beings with real brainpower. A person can guide a robot by remote control. A person can perform difficult and usually dangerous tasks without being at the spot where the tasks are performed. To detonate a bomb it is safer to send the robot to the danger area.

Virtual Robots• Virtual robots don’t exits In real life. Virtual

robots are just programs, building blocks of software inside a computer.

Benefits• Robots offer specific benefits to workers, industries and countries. If

introduced correctly, industrial robots can improve the quality of life by freeing workers from dirty, boring, dangerous and heavy labor. it is true that robots can cause unemployment by replacing human workers but robots also create jobs: robot technicians, salesmen, engineers, programmers and supervisors.

The benefits of robots to industry include improved management control and productivity and consistently high quality products. Industrial robots can work tirelessly night and day on an assembly line without an loss in performance.

Consequently, they can greatly reduce the costs of manufactured goods. As a result of these industrial benefits, countries that effectively use robots in their industries will have an economic advantage on world market.

a• Advantages.. Going to far away planets. Going far down into the unknown waters and mines

where humans would be crushed Giving us information that humans can't get Working at places 24/7 without any salary and food.

Plus they don't get bored They can perform tasks faster than humans and much

more consistently and accurately Most of them are automatic so they can go around by

themselves without any human interference.

a• Disadvantages.. People can lose jobs in factories It needs a supply of power It needs maintenance to keep it

running . It costs money to make or buy a

robot

Conclusion• Today we find most robots working for people in industries,

factories, warehouses, and laboratories. Robots are useful in many ways. For instance, it boosts economy because businesses need to be efficient to keep up with the industry competition. Therefore, having robots helps business owners to be competitive, because robots can do jobs better and faster than humans can, e.g. robot can built, assemble a car. Yet robots cannot perform every job; today robots roles include assisting research and industry. Finally, as the technology improves, there will be new ways to use robots which will bring new hopes and new potentials.