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ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG

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Rio Outcomes Rio Declaration - Statement of Intent that underpins Sustainable Development Agenda 21 - A comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally and locally by organisations of the United Nations system, governments and major groups in every area in which humans impact the environment

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Page 1: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG

Page 2: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Background

• Rio Earth Summit – 1992• United Nations Convention on Environment and Development

(UNCED)

UNCED Impact• 1992 Rio Earth Summit:

- 103 Heads of State- 179 Country representatives- 50 000 Delegates (including 2 000 journalists)- 22 000 NGO Delegates – NB recognition

• Global action to Environmental Protection and Presentation

Page 3: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Rio Outcomes

• Rio Declaration- Statement of Intent that underpins Sustainable Development

• Agenda 21- A comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally

and locally by organisations of the United Nations system, governments and major groups in every area in which

humans impact the environment

Page 4: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Rio Outcomes• Three Conventions

- United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Climate Change- UN Convention on Biological Diversity- UN Convention to Combat Desertification

1995 Copenhagen Programme

• The Social Development Summit on Copenhagen addressed Social Development with emphasis on the negative impact of UNDER-DEVELOPMENT and POVERTY

Page 5: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

SUBSTANCE

Page 6: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Rio Legacy• Agenda 21, environment & development linkage

• Aid target 0,7% of developed countries’ GDP

• Commission of Sustainable Development 1 – 10

• Convention on Biological Diversity and CITES

• Montreal Protocol and Ozone depleting substances

• Basel Convention on hazardous waste

• Convention for Prior Informed Consent for trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste

• Climate Change Convention & Kyoto Protocol

• Stockholm Convention on POPs

Page 7: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Assessing Rio Legacy

• Post-Rio globalisation process reinforcing global inequality

• Sustainable development programmes and commitments have been unable to reverse this process

• Failure to integrate international systems for trade, finance and investment with sustainable development commitments

Page 8: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Other Problems

• Fragmentation of conventions & institutions

• Development institutions underfunded & ineffective

• Complex governance systems hinder developing country participation and co-ownership

• Aid funds limited and aligned to developed country priorities

• Poor implementation of development targets

• Gaps in international conventions

Page 9: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Johannesburg Legacy will depend on:

• A properly managed global consensus– Between governments– Between stakeholders

• Ownership and participation by global leaders

• Concrete outputs and deliverables

• Excellent logistics – “WOW” effect

• Security

• Symbolism, branding and legacy

Page 10: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

South Africa’s Message

• Poverty and inequality are greatest threat to sustainable global development in 21st Century

• Seriously tackling inequality will involve changes in terms of trade, investment, debt relief

• Governments cannot do this alone – partnership with business, industry and civil society is critical

• Regional programmes like MAP may be the ideal delivery model

Page 11: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Agenda must achieve:

• Renewed commitment to the implementation of Agenda 21

• Implementation of global commitment to combat poverty for sustainable development

• Impact on economic factors underpinning marginalisation of Africa and developing world – trade, finance, investment

• Johannesburg programme of action with clear targets, delivery mechanisms, resource commitments, monitoring

Page 12: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Agenda must also:

• Get agreement to replenish and restructure global financing mechanisms

• Align resources, investment and finances behind sustainable development agenda, and mobilise resources for MAP

• Get agreement on instruments to address gaps in international governance framework, and focus on capacity building for equitable global governance

Page 13: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

•Trade•Finance•Investm

ent•Technol

ogy transfer

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

•Water

•Health

•Energy

•Education

•Food security

ENVIRONMENT•Oceans

•Atmosphere

•Biodiversity

•Land degradation

•Climate change

Page 14: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

•Trade•Finance•Investm

ent•Technol

ogy transfer

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

•Water

•Health

•Energy

•Education

•Food security

ENVIRONMENT•Oceans

•Atmosphere

•Biodiversity

•Land degradation

•Climate change

Page 15: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Economic Development Programmes

BETTER ACCESS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

TO GLOBAL MARKETS

INCREASE INVESTMENTFOR DEVELOPING

ECONOMIES

RESOURCE COMMITMENTe.g. support for MAP

FROM DEVELOPMENTFINANCE INSTITUTIONS

TECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENT &

TRANSFER

DEBT RELIEF PROGRAMMEEXTENDED TO OTHER

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Page 16: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

•Trade•Finance•Investm

ent•Technol

ogy transfer

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

•Water

•Health

•Energy

•Education

•Food security

ENVIRONMENT•Oceans

•Atmosphere

•Biodiversity

•Land degradation

•Climate change

Page 17: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Social Development Programmes

GLOBAL PROGRAMME FORACCESS TO SAFE WATER

AND SANITATION

ENERGY ACCESSPROGRAMME PUTS 50%

AFRICAN HOUSEHOLDS ONINTEGRATED ENERGY GRID

POA TO ENSUREUNIVERSAL

LITERACY & NUMERACY

POA TO ENSUREINCREASED GLOBAL

FOOD SECURITY

POA FOR HIV/AIDS &COMMUNICABLE

DISEASES IN AFRICA

Page 18: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

•Trade•Finance•Investm

ent•Technol

ogy transfer

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

•Water

•Health

•Energy

•Education

•Food security

ENVIRONMENT•Oceans

•Atmosphere

•Biodiversity

•Land degradation

•Climate change

Page 19: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Environment Commitments

• Environmental protection of the poor

• Greater commitment to developing country agendas– Desertification– Sustainable use of biodiversity

• New global instruments to address gaps– Oceans and coasts– Forests– Waste– Air pollution

• Rationalise conventions for better developing country engagement - “IEG” process

Page 20: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Environment Programmes

CONSERVATION &MANAGEMENT OF

NATURAL RESOURCESFOR DEVELOPMENT

INTERNATIONALENVIRONMENTAL

GOVERNANCE

MITIGATING GLOBALCLIMATE CHANGE

TO ACHIEVE TARGETSIN 2008 – 2012

PROTECTINGENVIRONMENT & HUMAN

RIGHTS THROUGHWASTE AND AIR

POLLUTION REDUCTION

Page 21: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Governance

• Peace, democracy, security and stability as essential platformsfor sustainable development

• Enhance MAP programme for sound governance in participatingcountries

• Rationalise global environmental governance system

• Strenghten coordination of environment, social and economicaspects of Sustainable Development, and effectiveness ofCommission for Sustainable Development

Page 22: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

The Road to Johannesburg

CSD BUREAUMEETINGS

CSD BUREAUMEETINGS

CSD BUREAUMEETINGS

CSD PREP-COM. 1MARCH 2001

JOHANNESBURGSUMMIT

2 – 11 SEPT. 2002

CSD PRE-COM.2FEBRUARY 2002

CSD MINISTERIALPRE-COMMAY 2002

REGIONAL

PrepComms CSD PREP-COM.3

MARCH 2002

Page 23: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

The Road to Johannesburg

Economic cluster Milestones• Trade………… WTO, Qatar - November 2001

• Finance……… GEF – December 2001FFD, Mexico - March 2002

• Investment…… FFD, Mexico - March 2002

• Technology….. Meetings of UNESCO,WTO, UNFCCC

Page 24: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

The Road to Johannesburg

Social cluster Milestones• Water………… Bonn Water Conference -

December 2001

• Health………….. Africa Health Ministries

• Energy…………. UNFCCC COP7 - November 2001

• Education………. UNESCO

• Food security…… World Food Summit5 November 2001

Page 25: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

The Road to Johannesburg

Environment cluster Milestones• Biodiversity………… CBD COP6 – April 2002

• Oceans & coasts………….. GOM Paris – December 2001

• Forests…………. UNFF, Rome – December 2001

• Atmosphere………. UNFCCC COP7 – November 2001

• Waste…… 8th Session of PIC – October 2001

• Climate change…….. UNFCCC COP7 – November 2001

• Land degradation…….. CCD COP5 – October 2001

Page 26: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Global Partnership with Government

BUSINESS SECTORBusiness Forum

For SustainableDevelopment

UN AGENCY &DFI SECTOR

Engagement withCSD on their

Contribution to POA

NGO SECTOSouthern NGOs

Meeting October 2001Women, Youth, churches

Unions, Civicsparticipating

GLOBALPARTNERSHIPAROUND JHB PROGRAMME

OF ACTION

Page 27: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Partner Contributions

Government Business• Country strategies for Agreement to tackle

Sustainable Development with marginalisation of thematching state resources poorest with “growth”

agreements on trade,investment, financing, infrastructure linked togovernance

• Create conducive Adopt environmental andimplementation environment social auditing systems

• Engineering sub-regional and Proactive investment inregional implementation agreements Sustainable Development

initiatives

Page 28: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Partner Contributions

NGOs DFIs & UN Agencies• Multiple actions to highlight Prioritisation of Global POA in

environment and development these institutionsproblems

• An enabling, facilitatory and Offer of enabling financingcapacity building role within a agreementsglobal POA

• Promote participation of Inter-institutional coordinationmarginalised groups likewomen and youth

• A constructive “watchdog” role Mechanism to integrate IMF,WB, WTO, and other non-UNinstitutes

Early agreement on roles, institutional arrangements andfinancing NB

Page 29: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Johannesburg Outputs

• Global partnership to address inequality and poverty

• Johannesburg POA to deliver on WSSD outcomes includingMillennium Summit targets, with monitoring and delivery mechanisms, financing mechanisms, timeframes

• Integration of trade, finance and investment issues into Sustainable Development agenda

• Specific sectoral agreements and programmes

Page 30: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue

- International Environment Governance

Description

- Re-organising the International Environmental Governance regime into a more efficient model and effective system which integrates and coordinates currently fragmented MEAs and initiatives

International Process or Milestone

- IEG High level meetings (Sept, Dec 01 and Jan 2002)- CSD 10 and Prep Comms

Page 31: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - Issues

Issue- Finance for Sustainable Development

Description- Linking financing for development debate to Sustainable

Development agenda and POA. Re-organisation of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) for better co-ordination and support to the IEG system

International Process or Milestone

- GEF Council (December 01, 2001)- UNFFD, Mexico, March 2002

Page 32: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - Issues

Issue- Trade and Environment

Description- Linking the forthcoming trade rounds more effectively to the

Sustainable Development agenda. Linking the environment and development issues with the trade debate in the context of Sustainable Development

International Process or Milestone- WTO round, Qatar November 2001

Page 33: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - Issues

Issue- Energy

Description- Organising a deal on global access to energy for Sustainable

Development, and the promotion of cleaner production, renewable and energy efficiency. Linkages to be made with consolidation of Kyoto Protocol, and a potential global deal on air pollution

International Process or Milestone- CSD 10 and Prep Comms- COP 7 of UNFCCC, Marrakesh, October – November 2001- 13th MOP Montreal Protocol, October 2001

Page 34: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - Issues

Issue- Biodiversity

Description- Deepening global programme of action around conservation and

protection of bio-diversity linked to Sustainable Development POA, and in particular food security. Consolidation and implementation issues regarding Biosafety Protocol, Intellectual Property Rights agreements, bioprospecting

International Process or Milestone- 2 INC for Cartegena Protocol (November 01, 2001)- CBD COP6 Hague (April 02, 2001) - COP5 UNCCD Geneva

Page 35: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - Issues

Issue- HIV/Aids

Description- WSSD to recognise the threat posed by HIV/AIDS and other

communicable diseases to Sustainable Development, and commit to global POA building on the proposed Africa wide communicable diseases programme

International Process or Milestone- African Health Ministers meeting- WHO meetings- Waste- Extension of hazardous waste and POPs to broader global deal

on waste minimisation and recycling - 8th session of Rotterdam Convention, October 2001

Page 36: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue- Waste

Description- Extension of hazardous waste and POPs to broader global deal on

waste minimisation and recycling

International Process or Milestone- 8th session of Rotterdam Convention, October 2001

Page 37: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue- Fresh Water

Description- Global deal on shared water resources, water resource

management, access to water services and sanitation, and programme of action to address Millennium declaration targets

International Process or Milestone- Bonn Conference on Water, December 2001

Page 38: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue- Oceans

Description- A global deal on oceans and coasts which integrates and

consolidates regional seas and coastal agreements, covering both commercial and protection issues

International Process or Milestone- Oceans and Coasts Conference, Paris, December 2001

Page 39: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue- Food Security

Description- Agreement on programme of action to implement Millennium

Declaration targets, linked to biodiversity and desertification programmes

International Process or Milestone- 5 Year Review of World Food Summit, Rome, November 2001

Page 40: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue- Atmosphere

Description- Extension of current MEAS on climate change, ozone, POPs to a

more overarching agreement on protection of the atmosphere, air pollution, standards for emissions. Possible linkage with ratification and implementation of Kyoto protocol, and issues around energy

International Process or Milestone- CSD 10 and Prep Comms- COP 7 UNFCCC, Marrakesh, October – November 2001- 13th MOP Montreal Protocol, October 2001

Page 41: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue- Desertification and land degradation

Description- Deepening global commitment to POA on desertification and land

degradation, and revitalising UNCCD and funding mechanism for UNCCD.

International Process or Milestone- CBD COP6 Hague (April 02)-COP5 UNCCD Geneva

Page 42: ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG. Background Rio Earth Summit  1992 United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED) UNCED Impact 1992 Rio Earth

Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development - IssuesIssue- Forests

Description- Agreement on a global programme of action to address the loss of

the world’s forests and associated biodiversity, linked to the broader sustainable development agenda

International Process or Milestone- CSD 10 and Prep Comms