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RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance Fulvia Pilat

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Page 1: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance

Fulvia Pilat

Page 2: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

overall resultsdelivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the goal of 7 nb-1

exceeded maximum luminosity projectionsset&ramp-up time with beam 2 ½ weeks (4 weeks planned)2 experiments reached the HE physics goal in 8 weeks (the other 2 a significant fraction)successful 2 weeks at 31.2 Gev/u (LE), set-up 2 dayssuccessful 1 day run at injection 11 GeV/u (IE)

despite initial hurdles: budget vagaries, D6 and bus-2-bus short warm-up and repair, aperture obstruction….

Page 3: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

outline

overall machine performancechronology, injectors, integrated lumi, lumi/week, uptimecomparison 100 GeV/c (HE) and 31.2 GeV/c (LE)performance limitationson bunch intensity, number of bunchesrun-5 new developments, system highlightsmost relevant to operations

Page 4: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

chronologyJune 7-9 RetreatAug 16 choice of ionSep 7 start cool-down to 80K (on hold – budget uncertainties)Nov 15 start injectors set-up for CuNov 18 start cool-down to 4 KNov 22 beam circulating at injection in blue (54 minutes!)Dec 1st shorts discovered in yellow (10: D6, 12: Q3 splice)Dec 4-21 warm-up, repair, cool-downDec 23-25 re-start beam ops, blue ramp with 95% transmissionTue Dec 28 set-up starts both beams yellow obstructionDec 31 both rings at storeTue Jan 4 ramp-up starts – collisions overnightTue Jan 11 HE physics starts – with 28x28 4.5e9Mar 7-22 LE set-up (2.5 days) and physics runMarch 23 injection run

2 w

eeks

Page 5: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Injectors - highlights

set-up injector complex for Cu: ~ 1 weeksteady delivery of required 4.5 - 5 x 109 Cu ions/bunchup to 7 x109 ions/bunch delivered for experimentstransverse emittance 9-11 π mm mradlongitudinal emittance 0.4 eV sec/u

Page 6: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Integrated luminosity 100 GeV/uβ*=0.85m

(0.89m)

β*=2.6mβ*=3.0m

Cu-cu cross section measured at 2.6 barn

access +snowstorm

power dip+access

access +equipmentfailures

calendartime at store:52%

Page 7: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

projections vs. performanceFactors for exceeding projections (HE):

β* squeeze 1m (measured 1.1m) 0.85 (0.89)optimization intensity, #bunchesluminosity ramp-up faster than the model used in the projectionsaccurate prediction of lumi slope

Big (luminosity) Dippers: (visible dents in lumi plot)

access + snowstormpower dip + accessaccess + series of ensuing equipment failures

Page 8: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Luminosity / week

Page 9: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Rates, intensities – week 5

Phob

osPo

lA

Phob

osPo

lB

maintenancedevelopment

Phobos PR

Page 10: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Cu-Cu store 100 GeV/u

Page 11: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Integrated lumi 31.2 GeV run

(calendar) time at store:74%

Page 12: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Comparison HE vs. LE Cu runObservables

Reliability, time at store HE: 53% LE: 74%luminosity lifetime HE: 3.5 h LE: 6 htime between stores

Variables: machine parameters(almost the same #bunches 37-41, transmission HE~95%,

LE ~ 85-92 %, same transition set-up)bunch intensity: HE 41x 4.5e9 LE: 37x3.8e9beta* HE: 0.85m LE: 3menergy HE: 100 GeV/u LE: 31.2 GeV/u

Page 13: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

HE vs. LE: Reliability factorsBalance machine performance ( push machine parameters)

machine reliability ( more conservative parameters)

Bunch intensityLosses on ramp, permit pullsBeam decay at store, tuning, collimationBeam-beam, luminosity lifetimesingle bunch instabilities

Beta squeezeLosses on beta squeeze, permit pullsAperture, losses at triplets

Energyshorter time between stores

Page 14: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Hours at store - LE

Page 15: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

LE Run - week 2 - storesin

ject

io n

acce

ss

Phob

os 0

& p

olar

ity

Beam

exp

erie

mnt

s

Page 16: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

HE and LE luminosity lifetimeLE – 5h store (Phenix rates)

HE – 5h store (Phenix rates)

~3-3.5 h

6+ hours

Page 17: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

HE: time between stores

Page 18: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

LE: store-to-store time

Very fast turn-around-time on LE run

Less than 20mincollisions to collisions

Page 19: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Performance limitations (HE)Bunch intensity (limit ~5x109)

fast transverse instabilities near transitionyellow beam lifetime after re-bucketing

beam-beam (at store)IBS

Number of bunchespressure rise at Phobos (limit: 43x43)transition pressure rise at IR4 (limit: 45x45)

long range beam-beam interactions on the ramp (limit < 28x28 before improvements)

Page 20: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

emittance blow-up ~0.5 secafter transition

Fast instability around transition

signature:coherence (0.1-0.8 sec > γt)fast loss on DCCT50% emittance blow-upno dependence #bunchesno clear bunch intensity threshold

cures:octupoles (not enough)zero-crossing of chromaticitymoved before γt

effects:bad lifetimelow rateshigh backgrounds

Page 21: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Beam lifetime after re-bucketing

beam decay tuning delay start of physicsneed to keep chromaticity very close to zero at and after re-bucketingexacerbated by close orbit shifts with periodicity of 24 h ( Vadim’s talk )

Page 22: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Phobos PR and backgroundBunch intensity 37x 4.8-5.0 e9 Bunch intensity 37x 4.6-4.7 e9

Page 23: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Run-5: new developments - 1β*-squeeze to 0.85m (Pilat, Malitsky, Ptitsyn, Wittmer)

tested run-5 in Accelerator Physisics Experimentsoperational run-5, measured β*=0.89mtook down separation bump during squeeze‘usual’ initial fight with coupling on the squeezesextupole IR correctionsonline matching capability coupling corrections on the ramp (Y. Luo)tested during Run-4 & Run-5 AP-experimentscoupling vector amplitude modulation and phase rotationoperational in Run-5 success

Page 24: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Run-5 new developments - 2Stochastic cooling tests

(M.Brennan,M.Blaskiewicz)signal suppression demonstratedInjection into RHICautomated injection set-up low-intensity interlockauto AGS extraction field correction

Configuration control, analysis toolsconfiguration control web pageFDAView

Page 25: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Run-5 new developments - 3instrumentation

BPMS: electronics, beam-based alignmentIPM re-work betterHF Schottky development (emittance)

vacuum system200+ m of NEG pipes validation power suppliesPS swaps from 60 to 6 in 2 years RF

Page 26: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Discussed, planned, but ….STAR Magnet control from MCRZDC’s ‘owned’ by CAD collimation from sequencerstore configurations (exp magnet polarities)BLAMre-addressed at the RHIC Retreat last

week

Page 27: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

RHIC Retreat 2005Shelter Island, June 15-17, 2005Written Summary by the end of June

Page 28: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

runs overview

Factor~2better thanlast runconsideringrunning time8 vs.12weeks

Page 29: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

conclusion.

The high-energy, low-energy and injection copper run went pretty well.

Thank you to the entire RHIC operations and experimental teams

Page 30: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Beam-beam (store) & IBSbeam-beam at store

emittance growth lumi lifetime

tolerable nevertheless with Cu and 4 interactions (∆ intensity loss of bunches with 3 and 4 interactions marginal)

cure: working point control (move to 0.73 not necessary)

IBSFrom pre-run simulations (Fedotov, Wang), IBS less than for Au but significantmeasured and compared during AP experiments

operations: common cavities, continuous gap cleaning

Page 31: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Long range beam-beam (ramp)increased ring2ring synchro loop gain

RF dipole

cogging

significant losses around transition andthe beta squeezehad to be fixed to allow the initialphysics store with 28 bunchesCure: increase of R-2-R synchro-loop

RF dipole(vertical separation bumps)

Page 32: RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance · RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGS Users’ Meeting overall results delivered 15 nb-1 in the 100 GeV/u run (HE), more than twice the

RHIC Cu-Cu Machine Performance 2005 RHIC & AGSUsers’ Meeting

Run-5 integrated lumi (nb-1)

experiment HE Run-5 HE Run-4 LE Run-5 LE Run-4

Phenix 15.16 1.37 0.50 0.022

Star 14.99 1.27 0.46 0.021

Brahms 6.15 0.56 0.29 0.012

Phobos 5.67 0.54 0.24 0.012