“When France sneezes all Europe catches a

cold”-Klemens von

Metternich

What is a revolution?

Revolutions of 1830 & 1848

French Revolution 1830 Buildup: After the Congress of Vienna,

France had a constitutional monarchy Royalists thought the king had too little

power Liberals and radicals thought the king had

too much power

Charles X

Charles believed in absolute monarchy, he rejected the constitution and tried to become more powerful

He suspended the legislature, limited voting rights & restricted the press

Revolution! Charles’ actions led to revolution in the

streets Charles fled to England Constitutional monarchy established under

Louis Philippe Middle class prospered under his reign,

most French still could not vote

French Revolution 1848 Causes: Most French still could not vote Louis Philippe’s government was corrupt People wanted French Republic Recession caused unemployment and rise

in bread prices

Revolution! Once again, the French rioted in the streets,

order was restored and the government changed (again)

France became a republic with a constitution

9 million French could now vote Louis Napoleon (Napoleon Bonaparte’s

nephew) became president of France By 1852 Louis Napoleon declared himself

emperor of France

Belgium 1830 Causes: Congress of Vienna had made Netherlands

& Belgium one country Belgians were French-speaking Catholics The Dutch were Dutch-speaking protestants Nationalism: The Belgians wanted their own

country

Revolution! Belgians riot in the streets Belgium becomes an independent state

with a liberal constitution Belgians Win!

Poland 1830 Causes: Poland was divided up between Russia,

Austria & Prussia at the Congress of Vienna

Poles wanted their own country again (Nationalism)

Revolution! Polish students, army officers & landowners

revolted Russian army puts down the rebellion using

brutal force Poles lose

Austria 1848 Causes: Austrian Empire included Hungarians,

Czechs, Slovaks Each of these ethnic groups wanted their

own country (Nationalism)

Revolution! Hungarians and Czechs revolt against the

Austrian Empire, demanding their own countries

Revolts put down by Austrian and Russian troops using brutal force

Hungarians & Czechs lose

Italy 1848 Italians wanted

their own country, one that wasn’t controlled by Austria (Nationalism)

Revolution! Italians revolted against Austrians, the

Pope, declare their own republics Revolt put down by Austrian and French

troops using brutal force Italians lose

Germany 1848 Causes: In the German

states (there was no Germany yet) German students and workers wanted reforms and national unity {one country} (Nationalism).

Revolution! Liberals force king to agree to a constitution King rejects constitution a year later Liberals can’t agree on what type of

government Germany should have Conservatives attack them Germans lose.

1) Why did the French revolt (in 1830)?

2) Why did the Italians revolt?

3) Why did Denmark revolt?

4) Why did Poland revolt?

5) Why did the French revolt (in 1848)?

6) Why did the Germans revolt?

7) Why was there a revolt in the Austrian Empire?

8) Which of these Revolutions was successful?