RevolutionsRevolutions

Latin AmericaLatin America

The French Revolution’s ideas The French Revolution’s ideas started other revolutions throughout started other revolutions throughout the worldthe world

Latin America started its own Latin America started its own revolutionrevolution

Saint DomingueSaint Domingue Toussaint Toussaint

L’OuvertureL’Ouverture led the led the revolt of slaves of revolt of slaves of Saint Domingue (Haiti)Saint Domingue (Haiti)

Latin AmericaLatin America

Jean-Jacques Jean-Jacques DessalinesDessalines led a revolt led a revolt in in HaitiHaiti becoming the becoming the first independent countryfirst independent country

Latin AmericaLatin America PeninsularesPeninsulares-Men born in Spain; top -Men born in Spain; top

of the social ladderof the social ladder CreolesCreoles-Spaniards born in Latin -Spaniards born in Latin

America; 2America; 2ndnd on the social ladder on the social ladder MestizosMestizos-Mixed European and Native -Mixed European and Native

bloodblood MulattosMulattos-Mixed European and African-Mixed European and African Native AmericansNative Americans-Bottom of the -Bottom of the

social laddersocial ladder

Latin AmericaLatin America

Creoles were educated and a part of Creoles were educated and a part of the middle classthe middle class

When Napoleon took over Spain, When Napoleon took over Spain, they did follow the French, but they did follow the French, but believed the power went to the believed the power went to the peoplepeople

When the Spanish king came back, When the Spanish king came back, they did not follow himthey did not follow him

Latin AmericaLatin America

Creoles were led Creoles were led by by Simon BolivarSimon Bolivar and and Jose de San Jose de San MartinMartin

Latin AmericaLatin America

Bolivar led Bolivar led Venezuela into Venezuela into independenceindependence

He lost in the He lost in the beginning (exiled 2 beginning (exiled 2 times)times)

He finally won a He finally won a great victory in great victory in BogotaBogota

Latin AmericaLatin America Martin led Martin led ArgentinaArgentina

to independence in to independence in 18161816

Then, he freed Then, he freed ChileChile

He joined with Bolivar He joined with Bolivar

Latin AmericaLatin America

Bolivar wins in Peru Bolivar wins in Peru at the Battle of at the Battle of Ayacucho winning Ayacucho winning the Spanish the Spanish colonies colonies independenceindependence

Latin AmericaLatin America

Padre Padre Miguel Hidalgo Miguel Hidalgo and and Jose Maria MorelosJose Maria Morelos, , started the Mexico’s started the Mexico’s rebellion against Spain in rebellion against Spain in 18101810

Mestizos were the largest Mestizos were the largest population in Mexico and population in Mexico and led the rebellionled the rebellion

They lost They lost

Latin AmericaLatin America

Agustin de IturbideAgustin de Iturbide made peace with made peace with the rebels and declared independence the rebels and declared independence from Spainfrom Spain

He became emperor of MexicoHe became emperor of Mexico

Brazil IndependenceBrazil Independence

Brazil was the only country to have a Brazil was the only country to have a bloodless revolution and Portugal bloodless revolution and Portugal granted their independencegranted their independence

Groups Groups

Liberals – wanted change and are Liberals – wanted change and are usually workers; wanted a republican usually workers; wanted a republican governmentgovernment

Conservatives- did not want change Conservatives- did not want change and are usually nobles; wanted a and are usually nobles; wanted a monarchy monarchy

Europe RevolutionsEurope Revolutions

In Europe, many people followed the In Europe, many people followed the French Revolution ideas and revoltedFrench Revolution ideas and revolted

Europe RevolutionsEurope Revolutions

GreeceGreece was the first was the first country to revolt against country to revolt against the Ottomans and with the Ottomans and with help became independenthelp became independent

A great poet, A great poet, Lord ByronLord Byron became very famous became very famous during this time and during this time and helped the Greek causehelped the Greek cause

Europe RevolutionsEurope Revolutions

In In 18481848, following Greece, many other , following Greece, many other countries revoltedcountries revolted

Poland, Belgium, Hungary, and Poland, Belgium, Hungary, and Bohemia revolted against the Bohemia revolted against the monarchymonarchy

They all failedThey all failed

European RevolutionsEuropean Revolutions

France got a France got a monarchy back after monarchy back after Napoleon (Louis XVIII, Napoleon (Louis XVIII, his son Charles X, his son Charles X, and Louis-Philippe)and Louis-Philippe)

France revolted and France revolted and established the established the Second RepublicSecond Republic

Europe RevolutionsEurope Revolutions

Louis-Napoleon Louis-Napoleon became president, became president, then like his uncle then like his uncle Napoleon became Napoleon became emperor of France emperor of France calling himself calling himself Napoleon IIINapoleon III

ItalyItaly

NationalismNationalism from the French from the French Revolution started the unification of Revolution started the unification of ItalyItaly

ItalyItaly

Giuseppe Giuseppe MazziniMazzini- Italian - Italian nationalist who led nationalist who led the group called the group called the Young Italians; the Young Italians; one of the many one of the many failed revolutions failed revolutions of 1848of 1848

ItalyItaly

The Kingdom of Italy in The Kingdom of Italy in the north was led by the north was led by King King Victor Emmanuel IIVictor Emmanuel II

He put He put Count Camillo di Count Camillo di CavourCavour in charge and in charge and Cavour expanded the Cavour expanded the kingdom with kingdom with militarism militarism and alliancesand alliances to cover to cover northern Italy northern Italy

ItalyItaly

Giuseppe Garibaldi-Giuseppe Garibaldi- led a group called the led a group called the Red Shirts united Red Shirts united southern Italysouthern Italy

He then gave He then gave southern Italy to southern Italy to Emmanuel II = Emmanuel II = Unification of ItalyUnification of Italy

ItalyItaly

Italian forces then took over the Papal Italian forces then took over the Papal States and VeniceStates and Venice

GermanyGermany

NationalismNationalism from the French from the French Revolution also started German Revolution also started German unificationunification

GermanyGermany

Wilhelm I took over Wilhelm I took over PrussiaPrussia which was which was the most powerful the most powerful country of country of GermansGermans

GermanyGermany Otto von BismarckOtto von Bismarck was was

given power by Wilhelmgiven power by Wilhelm

Using war against Using war against Denmark and Austria, Denmark and Austria, Prussia under Bismarck Prussia under Bismarck won ending Austria’s won ending Austria’s power over the Germanspower over the Germans

Bismarck would use Bismarck would use RealpolitikRealpolitik which means which means by any means neccessaryby any means neccessary

GermanyGermany Germany then went to Germany then went to

war against France war against France because of the because of the EMS EMS telegramtelegram and took and took Alsace-LorraineAlsace-Lorraine

France and Germany France and Germany would hate each otherwould hate each other

Wilhelm I became Wilhelm I became KaiserKaiser of the united of the united Germany = 2Germany = 2ndnd Reich Reich

Nation-StatesNation-States

A A Nation-stateNation-state is a country that has is a country that has a common language, religion, a common language, religion, history, and ethnicityhistory, and ethnicity

The Austrian Empire

• Austria was made up of many different nationalities

The Ottoman Empire

The SpecificsThe Specifics•40 Million People, But…•“Sick Man of Europe”

•“Young Turks” Movement

•Dismemberment Began•Hot Spot – the Balkans

Balkans

•Russia and Austria will fight over the Balkans after the Ottoman Empire loses control

•1908 – Balkan League•Balkan Wars in 1912 and 1913 led by Serbia•“Powder Keg” of Europe

Growth of the Empire