Review Sheet AstronomyTest on November 5th

A) heliocentric model B) tetrahedral modelC) concentric model D) geocentric model

1. In which type of model are the Sun, other stars, and theMoon in orbit around the Earth?

A) a heliocentric model, in which celestial objects orbitEarth

B) a heliocentric model, in which celestial objects orbitthe Sun

C) a geocentric model, in which celestial objects orbitEarth

D) a geocentric model, in which celestial objects orbitthe Sun

2. The diagram below shows one model of a portion of theuniverse.

What type of model does the diagram best demonstrate?

A) the Sun in slightly elliptical orbitsB) the Sun in circular orbitsC) Earth in slightly elliptical orbitsD) Earth in circular orbits

3. The modern heliocentric model of planetary motionstates that the planets travel around

A) B)

C) D)

4. Which diagram best represents a portion of theheliocentric model of the solar system? [S = Sun, E =Earth, and M = Moon]

A) geocentric, with elliptical orbitsB) geocentric, with circular orbitsC) heliocentric, with elliptical orbitsD) heliocentric, with circular orbits

5. The diagram below represents our solar system.

This system is best classified as

A) weaker gravitational attraction to the star and a shorter period of revolutionB) weaker gravitational attraction to the star and a longer period of revolutionC) stronger gravitational attraction to the star and a shorter period of revolutionD) stronger gravitational attraction to the star and a longer period of revolution

6. The diagram below represents planets A and B, of equal mass, revolving around a star.

Compared to planet A, planet B has a

A) mass B) densityC) eccentricity of orbit D) period of rotation

7. The bar graph below shows one planetary characteristic, identified as X, plotted for the planets of our solarsystem.

Which characteristic of the planets in our solar system is represented by X?

A) Venus B) EarthC) Mars D) Jupiter

8. Which planet has the least distance between the two fociof its elliptical orbit?

A) Pluto B) SaturnC) Mars D) Mercury

9. Which planet has an orbital eccentricity most like theorbital eccentricity of the Moon?

10. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows a portion of the solarsystem.

A) elliptical, with Earth at one of the foci B) elliptical, with the Sun at one of the fociC) circular, with Earth at the center D) circular, with the Sun at the center

The actual orbits of the planets are

A) smaller diameter and lower densityB) smaller diameter and higher densityC) larger diameter and lower densityD) larger diameter and higher density

11. Compared to the size and density of Earth, the Moonhas a

A) Mars B) MercuryC) Neptune D) Uranus

12. Which planet has completed less than one orbit of theSun in the last 100 years?

A) small diameters and low densitiesB) small diameters and high densitiesC) large diameters and low densitiesD) large diameters and high densities

13. Which two characteristics do all Jovian planets have incommon?

A) B)

C) D)

14. Which diagram most accurately represents the relative diameters of Earth and Mercury?

A) shorter periods of rotationB) shorter periods of revolutionC) greater eccentricitiesD) greater densities

15. Compared to the other planets in our solar system,Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune have

A) smaller diametersB) greater average densitiesC) slower rates of rotationD) longer periods of revolution

16. Compared to the terrestrial planets, the Jovian planetshave

A) Venus, Neptune, and JupiterB) Jupiter, Saturn, and VenusC) Jupiter, Saturn, and UranusD) Venus, Uranus, and Jupiter

17. Three planets known as gas giants because of theirlarge size and low density are

A) 2.80 g/cm3 B) 5.52 g/cm3

C) 9.55 g/cm3 D) 12.0 g/cm3

18. What is the approximate average density of the Earth?

A) an orbiting moonB) an axis of rotationC) atmospheric gasesD) liquid water on its surface

19. According to current data, the Earth is apparently theonly planet in our solar system that has

20. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science.The diagram represents the orbital paths of the four Jovian planets and Halley's comet around the Sun.Halley's comet has a revolution period of 76 years. In 1986, Halley's comet was at perihelion, its closestpoint to the Sun. Letters A, B, C, and D represent locations of Halley's comet in its orbit. Location D represents Halley's comet at aphelion, its farthest point from the Sun. The comet's tail is shown atperihelion and at locations B and C.

A) B)

C) D)

Based on the pattern shown above, which diagram best represents the correct position of the comet's tail atlocation A relative to the Sun?

A) an asteroid B) Neptune C) Earth's Moon D) Mercury

21. The solar system object in the photograph below is 56 kilometers long.

The object in the photograph is most likely

22. Base your answer to the following question on on the data table below, which shows information about thefour largest asteroids found in our solar system.

A) Venus and Earth B) Earth and MarsC) Mars and Jupiter D) Jupiter and Saturn

The asteroids shown in the data table are located between the orbits of

23. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The diagram represents the inferredstages in the formation of our solar system. Stage 1 shows a contracting gas cloud. The remaining stagesshow the gas cloud flattening into a spinning disk as planets formed around our Sun.

A) friction B) gravity C) magnetism D) inertia

Which force was mostly responsible for the contraction of the gas cloud?

A) will soon become a main sequence starB) will soon become a giant starC) is moving closer to EarthD) is moving away from Earth

24. A blue shift of the light from a star indicates that thestar

A) shrinking, onlyB) expanding, onlyC) shrinking and expanding in a cyclic patternD) remaining the same size

25. The redshift of light from distant galaxies providesevidence that the universe is

A) Galaxy A is moving away from Earth, but galaxiesB and C are moving toward Earth.

B) Galaxy B is moving away from Earth, but galaxiesA and C are moving toward Earth.

C) Galaxies A, B, and C are all moving toward Earth.D) Galaxies A, B, and C are all moving away from

Earth.

26. In the diagram below, the spectral lines of hydrogen gasfrom three galaxies, A, B, and C, are compared to thespectral lines of hydrogen gas observed in a laboratory.

What is the best inference that can be made concerningthe movement of galaxies A, B, and C?

A) the larger it is.B) the faster it is rotatingC) the hotter it isD) the faster it is moving away from us

27. The more that the spectral lines of a star are shifted tothe red end of the spectrum

A) Polaris B) BetelgeuseC) Procyon B D) Sirius

28. Which star has a surface temperature most similar tothe surface temperature of Alpha Centauri?

A) Proxima Centauri B) PolluxC) Rigel D) 40 Eridani B

29. Which star is cooler and less luminous than the Sun?

A) less luminous and have a lower surfacetemperature

B) less luminous and have a higher surfacetemperature

C) more luminous and have a lower surfacetemperature

D) more luminous and have a higher surfacetemperature

30. Compared to the luminosity and surface temperature ofred main sequence stars, blue supergiants are

A) Barnard's Star B) BetelgeuseC) Procyon B D) Sun

31. The diagram below represents possible stages in the lifecycle of stars.

Which star has the greatest probability of producing asupernova explosion?

A) comet B) planet C) star D) moon

32. Which object forms by the contraction of a large sphereof gases causing the nuclear fusion of lighter elementsinto heavier elements?

A) Red Dwarfs B) White DwarfsC) Red Giants D) Blue Supergiants

33. Compared to other groups of stars, the group that hasrelatively low luminosities and relatively lowtemperatures is the

A) hotter and less luminousB) cooler and more luminousC) the same temperature and largerD) hotter and larger

34. Compared to the sun, Polaris is

A) to expand as a red giant, undergo a nova outburstand end as a white dwarf

B) to shrink to a white dwarf then eventually expandto a red giant

C) become hotter and expand into a blue supergiantD) to become a black hole

35. The probable fate of our sun is