review article
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Review Article M ünte, T.F., Altenmüller, E., & Jäncke, L. (2002). The musician’s brain as a model of neuroplasticity. Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 3, 473-478. Group work reports Abstract Introduction Subtitles Conclusion Animations. Bonn, 21.01 .2008. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Review ArticleMünte, T.F., Altenmüller, E., & Jäncke, L. (2002). The musician’s brain as a model of neuroplasticity. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 473-478
Review ArticleMünte, T.F., Altenmüller, E., & Jäncke, L. (2002). The musician’s brain as a model of neuroplasticity. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 473-478
Bonn, 21.01.2008YRG @ Department of Epileptology University of Bonn Medical Centre, Germany [email protected]
Group work reportsAbstractIntroductionSubtitlesConclusionAnimations
Group work reportsAbstractIntroductionSubtitlesConclusionAnimations
www.hochbegabung-und-gehirn.de
Composition examplesComposition examples
Group work
• Results
• Main findings for:
• Group 1: Background Variables (p. 257)
• Group 2: Background Variables (p. 258)
• Group 3: Academic achievement (general and reading)
• Group 4: Academic achievement (mathematics)
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Composition examplesComposition examples
Group work
• Discussion (Morrison et al. article):
• Group 1: General and „Growth of Academic Skills“ 1st, 2nd, and 3rd paragraph
• Group 2: „Growth of Academic Skills“, 4th and 5th paragraph
• Group 3: „Question of Background Variables“
• Group 4: „Implications“ until „Educational Policy“
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Main pointsMain points
Abstract
• Eliciting stimulus →→→→neural changes
• Professional musicians: ideal model for plasticity
• Music:
• complexity of stimuli
• exposure (practice)
• reviewed point: brain differences in musicians via neuroimaging
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Main pointsMain points
Introduction
• Experience shapes cortical representation:
• temporal: refers to time• cortical: refers to cortex
• Animal studies: training induced plastic changes
• Hebbian learning:
• presynaptic cell → repeated and persistant stimulation → postsyn. cell
• increase in synaptic strength
• Wikipedia: Assembly Theory
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Main pointsMain points
Introduction
• Problem with animal studies:
• lack of ecological validity (?)
• stimuli limitations
• Understanding human brain plasticity:
• changes induced by defects
• Music performance:• highly complex human endeavor• musical stimulus: complex, multidimensional, multidomain (multisensory)• Possible nature vs. nurture explanation
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Main pointsMain points
Functional measures of plasticity
• String players:
• Larger cortical representation of left hand fingers
• Left hand (“fingering hand”)
• Greater effect for early beginners
• Adaptation to own instrument:
• ↑ responses to own instrument tones
• plastic changes due to practice
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Main pointsMain points
Functional measures of plasticity
• Structural regularities of music
• Pre-attentive detection of changes
• MMN ↑ in professional musicians:
• different facets of music
• Auditory cortex shaping
• Conductors’ advantage for spatial auditory processing
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Main pointsMain points
Anatomical differences
• Planum temporale, anterior corpus callosum, primary hand motor area, cerebellum
• Musicians vs. non-musicians: ↑ left planum temporale
• Primary hand motor area:
• negative correlation (?) (commencement of musical training and the size of the primary hand motor area)
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Main pointsMain points
Anatomical differences
• Corpus callosum:
• ↑ in musicians (especially if training started before 7 yrs of age)
• enhanced interaction between the hemispheres: ↓ interhemispheric inhibition (?)
• facilitation of bimanual coordination
• Cerebellum: movement timing
• VBM: ↑grey matter volume in musicians’ motor network
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Main pointsMain points
Sensorimotor learning
• Phases of motor learning:
• Consolidation (several hours)
• Slow learning (gradual performance increase)
• Tapping:
• ↑ M1 activity in musicians within minutes:
• effect of pre-practice experience
• ↓ SMA activity in musicians: ↑ efficiency
• Mental practice!
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Main pointsMain points
Sensorimotor learning
• Audio-motor integration (cooperation):
• Automatized in musicians
• Apparent in non-musicians with 20 min. of training
• The effect extended to a mere observation:
• listening or viewing (auditory or visual)
• monkey mirror neurons
• Example ?
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Main pointsMain points
Maladaptive plasticity
• „Musicians‘ cramp“ (focal dystonia)
• Overuse → maladaptive neuroplasticity
• Dedifferentiation of sensory feedback
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Main pointsMain points
Musicians as a model?
• Neurobehavioural changes:
• from several minutes to lifetime
• Neuroplasticity:
• new synapses
• disinhibitions or inhibitions of neuronal connections
• Commencement of early training:
• grey and white matter volume changes
• not pre-existing differences
• parallel findings: London taxi drivers
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Main pointsMain points
Conclusion
• Musician‘s brain: valuable model of neuroplasticity
• Questions for future research:
• training parameters?
• the role of genes?
• effect of emotional networks?
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TaskTask
Meeting after next
Set up a study trying to answer the following questions:
Group 1: music training parameters effect on the brain plasticity
Group 2: the role of genes in the music facilitated brain plasticity
Group 3: effect of emotional networks on music facilitated brain plasticity
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Single study articleSingle study article
Next meeting
Norton, A. et al. (2005). Are there pre-existing neural, cognitive, or motoric markers for musical ability? Brain and Cognition, 59, 124-134.
Presentation (main points):
Group 1: Introduction
Group 2: Methods and results
Group 3: Discussion
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SitesSites
Animated presentations
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/animate.html
Brain probe: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/brain/probe.html
Map: http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/organs/brainmap/index.shtml
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/dottime.html: reaction time test
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/boxes.html: boxes RT test
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YRG @ Department of Epileptology University of Bonn Medical Centre, Germany [email protected]
Work group:
Christian HoppeJelena StojanovicChristian E. Elger
Funded by Karg-Stiftung für Hochbegabtenförderung (Frankfurt/M.)