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TRANSCRIPT
Husbandry Guidelines
2
Revelation was added to the 2013/14 HGCA
Recommended List as a high yielding soft
milling feed wheat. In addition to the feed
market, the variety offers the grower
several market opportunities, meeting the
demands of a range of domestic and export
market criteria.
Limagrain UK has a reputation for providing
growers with varieties that are consistent
performers for both agronomic and end use
specification. Revelation has performed
very well in both fungicide treated and
untreated trials over a number of very
different years. The variety’s combination of
excellent disease resistance and
stiff straw makes it an easy
variety to manage. Its
robust genetic
background can
provide the grower
with wider flexibility
for input timings than
is available with many
weaker-strawed and more
disease-prone varieties.
Limagrain is convinced that the variety
Revelation should be grown on every farm
alongside some of the more disease-prone,
high yielding varieties - providing growers
with a low risk variety, with its combination
of very good agronomics and disease
resistance.
Limagrain introduced the concept of
growers husbandry guidelines for new
varieties many years ago and the demand
for information on new varieties continues
to be of great importance to both growers
and advisors. The guide is not intended as
a ‘blueprint’ but instead provides sufficient
technical support to enable growers
and agronomists to realise the
genetic potential offered by
this exciting variety.
Introduction
3
THE VARIETYPedigree and Selection 4
Position in the Market 4
Yield Potential Region, rotation, soil type, early sown data 5
Disease Resistance 8
Agronomic Characteristics 9
Contents
AGRONOMIC MANAGEMENTSeed Treatments 11
Seed Rate 12
Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) Use 13
Herbicide Tolerance 13
Blackgrass Control 13
Crop Nutrition 14
Fungicide Programmes 15
Response to Fungicides 18
Fungicide Trials Data 19
Husbandry Summary 23
Key Points• Soft Milling Feed Wheat
• HGCA Recommended forthe UK
• Exceptional DiseaseResistance
• Pch1 Eyespot Resistance
• Stiff Straw
• Suitable for Sowing fromEarly September
Key Markets• Animal Feed
• Distilling
• UKS Export Brand
• Bio-Fuel
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Revelation – Pedigree and Selection
Pedigree: (Alchemy x Claire) x Shepherd
The objective of this cross was to combinethe soft-milling and excellent agronomicqualities of Alchemy and Claire with themore diverse disease resistance, includingpch1 eyespot resistance, carried byShepherd (derived from Aardvark). This hasproduced Revelation, a variety that has veryhigh yield potential combined with stiffstraw and excellent resistance to all themain foliar diseases prevalent in the UK.
Revelation was produced using traditionalpedigree selection, which enables a largepopulation to be screened over a longperiod of differing climatic seasons. This
also ensures that the eventual varietyproduced, carries a higher number of thedesirable traits exhibited by the parentvarieties.
Revelation – Position in the Market
Revelation is suitable for the animal feed,distilling, export and bio-fuel markets. Ascan be seen in the HGCA data below (Table1), Revelation produces grain of goodspecific weight - comparable to otherleading soft feed varieties - and a hagbergfalling number significantly higher thanseveral varieties commonly grown in this
market sector. Revelation offers growerssecurity as the variety has, in both internaland external tests, achieved good grainquality over many seasons. Consistency ofgrain quality is a key trait inherited fromAlchemy and its importance should not beunderestimated.
THE VARIET Y
Table 1: Market Specifications and Grain Quality
Endosperm NABIM Distilling Hagberg SpecificTexture Group Falling Number Weight
Revelation Soft 4 Y [B] 214 75.9
Cougar Soft 4 - [B] 175 73.9
Horatio Soft 4 [Y] [B] 222 75.9
Viscount Soft 4 Y B 159 75.9
Alchemy Soft 4 [Y] B 230 77.3
Key: Y = suited to that market [Y] = may be suited to that market,B = suitable for blending into export cargoes [B] = may be suitable for blending into export cargoes
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Revelation – Yield Potential
Revelation demonstrates good yieldpotential within the soft feed marketsector, combining both outstandinguntreated yield with a high treated yield (Chart 1). Good disease resistance within a
variety ensures a degree of security ofyield performance when, for example,climatic conditions do not allow for theapplication of fungicide chemistry at thecorrect growth stages of the plant.
Revelation has produced very high yieldsthroughout the UK; performing particularlywell in the East and North regions. It hasalso produced a consistent performance in
both first and second wheat rotationalpositions and on both light and heavy soiltypes (Table 2).
Table 2: Regional and Rotational Performance
Region Rotation Soil Type
East West North 1st 2nd Light Heavy
Revelation 103 99 105 104 102 103 103
Cougar 101 99 105 104 101 103 103
Horatio 103 101 104 103 102 105 102
Viscount 102 101 105 103 101 105 101
Alchemy 97 98 98 98 97 98 97
Chart 1: UK Yield
Revelation
Revelation - UK Yield
Cougar Horatio Viscount Alchemy
Yiel
d (%
trea
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cont
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105
100
95
90
85
80
Fungicide Treated
Untreated
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Additional data from Limagrain's own trialssuggests that Revelation has the potentialto perform particularly well in a secondwheat situation, presumably in part due tothe variety’s excellent Eyespot resistance.Although only low levels of Take-all havebeen evident on farm in the last couple ofseasons - partly due to the extreme
climatic variation - Revelation wouldappear to be a very good second wheatcandidate. The trial data below (Chart 2)illustrates that Revelation has thepotential to yield consistently well, overseveral years, in this key rotationalposition.
Revelation has also demonstratedsignificant potential in early drilling trials.The requirements for an early-sowingvariety are a prostrate winter growth habitand a relatively slow primordialdevelopment in the spring, combined withgood disease resistance and stiff straw; allof which Revelation possesses. Revelationalso has very good Eyespot resistance andthis is an added bonus for a variety in the
early drilling slot as the incidence of thisdisease is greatly increased from earlysowing dates, even in a first wheatsituation, which can result in reducedyields. Chart 3 and Chart 4 (see page 7)show that from an early Septembersowing, Revelation can out-perform, orcompare to, many of the varietiescommonly sown at this drilling date.
Chart 2: Revelation Second WheatPerformance data from internal LimagrainFarmer Trials. These are trials placed ingrowers fields which are treated with the
growers inputs, representing more typicalcosts and application rates than thoseassociated with the HGCA RL system.
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Chart 2: Second Wheat Yield Performance
Revelation Cougar Leeds Horatio Myriad Alchemy JB Diego
110
105
100
95
90
Yiel
d (%
of c
ontr
ol v
arie
ties
)
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Far
mer
Tri
als
2012
-13
Chart 3: HGCA Official Early Sown Trial Data (2013 = Limited data set, the result of the very wet Autumn period in 2012)
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Chart 3: HGCA Early Drilled Trials - Mean Data 2011-2013
Revelation Horatio JB Diego Relay Grafton Claire
Yiel
d (%
of c
ontr
ols)
108
106
104
102
100
98
96
Chart 4: Independent Early Sown Trial Data
Horatio JB Diego Revelation Relay Grafton Claire Scout
10.50
10.00
9.50
9.00
8.50
8.00
7.50
Yiel
d t/
ha
Drilled 1st Week September
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2011
-12
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Revelation – Disease Resistance
A high level of durable genetic diseaseresistance is a key target of the Limagrainwheat breeding programme. Diseaseresistance gives varieties greater durabilityon farm and gives growers a means ofsecurity, especially in tricky climatic
growing seasons that we have seen in thelast five years.
Table 3 (below) shows the HGCA diseaseresistance ratings for Revelation and someother established soft feed varieties.
As can be seen from these ratings,Revelation has excellent Rust resistanceand very good resistance to Mildew andSeptoria. Revelation’s resistance to YellowRust has remained robust, even whenexposed to the new “Warrior” and“Sterling” races that have adverselyaffected some other varieties such asBeluga and Alchemy. In addition to this, itpossesses outstanding Eyespot resistanceand an above average resistance toFusarium Ear Blight, a disease that wasvery much highlighted by the extremelywet season of 2012.
Eyespot resistance is an important trait fora variety suited to the early drilling slot, as
this disease increases in incidence withearlier sowing dates. The Eyespotresistance in Revelation gives growerssecurity of yield potential over varietieswithout the resistance, when grown in thisearly drilling period and in a second /continuous wheat situation. There is noother variety on the Recommended Listthat displays such levels of resistance toall of these major wheat diseases.Revelation gives growers a level ofassurance that, if fungicide applicationsare delayed due to adverse weatherconditions, yield will not be compromisedto any great extent.
Table 3: HGCA Disease Resistance Ratings
Mildew Yellow Brown Septoria Septoria Eyespot Fusarium OWBM NotesRust Rust nodorum tritici Ear Blight
Revelation 7 9 9 [6] 6 [8] 7 - Pch1
Cougar 7 8 9 [6] 7 [3] 6 R -
Horatio 7 6 6 [5] 5 5 6 R -
Viscount 7 5 7 [6] 5 6 6 R -
Alchemy 8 7 4 5 6 6 7 - -
Diseases
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Key: [ ] = Limited data R = Believed to be resistant to orange wheat blossom midge but this has not beenverified in Recommended List tests Pch1 = Believed to carry the Pch1 Rendezvous resistance gene toeyespot but this has not been verified in Recommended List tests.
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Revelation – Agronomic Characteristics
Revelation has straw of a moderate height,being taller than Viscount, but shorter thanHoratio and Alchemy (see Table 4, below).As can be seen from the table, it has verystiff straw both with and without PGRapplications. Although we would not
recommend growing Revelation without aroutine PGR programme, this does,however provide the grower with a level ofassurance that if PGR applications aredelayed, then the standing power will notbe too adversely affected.
Orange Wheat Blossom Midge (OWBM)
Revelation does not possess geneticresistance to Orange Wheat BlossomMidge (OWBM), so in areas where this is aproblem, control with an insecticideapplication will be beneficial. OWBM hasappeared to be less of a problem over thelast few years; probably due to acombination of the erratic weatherconditions and more plausibly the fact thatgrowers have used insecticidesprophylactically, as well as growing ahigher proportion of resistant varieties.However, the pest represents a significantthreat to crops in seasons of high egg
hatch coincidingwith early stagesof ear emergence.Revelation willrequire monitoringfor the pest andinsecticideapplicationsshould be applied, ifthreshold levels are met. Please refer tothe HGCA topic sheet on OWBM guidelinesat www.hgca.com. Product guidelines forthe chemical control of OWBM areavailable at www.dowagro.com
Table 4: Agronomic Characteristics
Lodging Lodging Height Ripening SPEED OF DEVELOPMENTRating Rating +/- Solstice Spring Growth (GS31)no PGR with PGR (Early September Sowing)
Revelation 8 8 85 +4 Slow / Medium
Cougar 7 8 84 +3 Medium / Quick
Leeds 7 7 86 +2 Medium / Quick
Horatio 7 8 88 +1 Medium / Quick
Viscount 6 6 81 +1 Medium
Alchemy 7 7 89 +2 Slow / Medium
Agronomics HGCA Data
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Revelation is a late maturing variety; a traitthat would appear to be present in many ofthe newer lines that have been added to theHGCA RL over the past couple of years.Again, this is a consequence of the veryerratic climatic seasons of 2010 and 2011having had a significant effect on thegermplasm whilst in National List trials. Thetwo springs of these seasons werememorable for the fact that they wereprobably two of the driest springs onrecord. Therefore the effect was to push thegenetic trait for varieties with a later / higher tillering potential, which whenthe late rains arrived, resulted in thesevarieties having greater tiller numbers andhence greater yield potential.
Revelation is not the first variety to berelated to this grouping – when Limagrainreleased the variety Alchemy, many thoughtit was too late maturing but as historyshows, this did not stop the variety frombeing grown successfully on many farms.Still today, Alchemy takes a large market
share and is a firm favourite.
The late maturity of a variety can be used asa beneficial tool, as it spreads the workloadon the farm for inputs and the harvestperiod. Drilling the variety early can be ahuge benefit as it will bring the maturitystage forward, resulting in earlier plantdevelopment in the spring with theconsequence of maturity at typical harvestdates as expected. The Early Drillinginformation (page 7) shows that Revelationappears to suit this slot, and for growers inthe North of England where early drilling isthe ‘norm’, the yield data appears to back upthe theory having achieved very good yieldpotential in HGCA RL trials.
Chart 5 (below) shows the slower EarDevelopment and Prostrate Growth Habit ofthe variety compared to other known leadingvarieties that have been associated with thisdrilling date (Einstein is a reference varietyshowing very quick Ear Development and avery erect habit – both traits that should beavoided for the early drilling window).
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Chart 5: Limagrain Agronomy Primordia Development v Growth Habit
Einstein AlchemyClaire Horatio JB Diego Revelation
Prim
ordi
a D
evel
opm
ent S
tage
Variety
Gro
wth
Hab
it (1
= E
rect
)
5.24
5.23
5.22
5.21
5.2
5.19
5.18
5.17
5.16
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Limagrain endorse seed treatments as animportant tool in the on-going protection ofvarieties, as they give growers security bymeans of reducing plant disease and theycan also become a valuable aid forprotection against pests and soil bornediseases and organisms.
In first wheat situations, a single purposetreatment should be applied as routinebecause even healthy looking grains canharbour disease in high risk years. For earlysown crops, a more robust broad spectrumseed dressing should be considered, as thistype of dressing is likely to improve earlyvigour, enhance disease protection andimprove standing power.
In the early drilling scenario, Barley YellowDwarf Virus (BYDV) seed treatments suchas Redigo Deter (Bayer) should be stronglyconsidered. This treatment alone is unlikelyto remove the need for additionalinsecticide sprays but it will considerablyreduce the risk of heavy BYDV attacks.Deter also allows greater flexibility for thegrower at a very busy time of the year!
There are many good seed dressingsavailable so growers should seek advice onthe most appropriate product for theirsituation.
In second wheat and continuous wheatsituations - especially where Take-all islikely - products such as Jockey (BASF) andLatitude (Monsanto) should be considered.Take-all is a sporadic problem with lowincidence levels recorded in the last fiveyears, however, evidence would suggestthat these chemical groups have a positiveeffect, even with low inoculum pressure,which suggests a benefit even in theabsence of disease pressure.
Trace element treatments are available inall forms of cocktails and again theseproducts can be valuable in increasing theroot bio-mass and improving plantstructure, especially in difficult or poorsoils. Limagrain's product, GPA (GrowthPromoting Agent) has shown to bebeneficial in these circumstances. Furtherinformation on GPA is available online atwww.nickerson.co.uk
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Revelation - Seed Treatments
AGRONOMIC MANAGEMENT
12
Seed rates for any variety should reflect thedrilling date and seedbed conditions at thetime of drilling. Revelation is very similar tothe variety Alchemy with its earlyvegetative growth and production of hightiller numbers with a prostrate wintergrowth habit.
The seed rates in Chart 6 (below) are based
on sowing into seedbeds where plant
establishment is predicted to be high.
Under less favourable conditions, rates
should be increased by 40-50 seeds/m2
to allow for losses at establishment. As a
rule of thumb “it is always better to work
with a thicker crop establishment, rather
than a crop that has not established well”.
Revelation - Seed Rate
Chart 6: Suggested Seed Rates
November
Late October
Mid October
Early October
Late September
Mid September
Early September
Seed Rates for Revelation (seeds/m2)
100 140 180 220 260 300 340 380
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Revelation has medium length straw andhas very good ratings for both untreatedand treated lodging resistance. This givesgrowers security in the knowledge that ifthe prescribed timings of PGR products arenot adhered to, or if weather conditions donot permit optimum timings, Revelation isrobust enough to withstand a degree offlexibility.
Where expected yields are likely to exceed8t/ha, a routine application of achlormequat (CCC) based product willprovide a very cost effective insuranceagainst possible lodging and associatedloss of yield and quality. Limagrainrecommends a split PGR application with2/3 at Zadoks GS30 (or more precisely'Glume Primordial Stage') and the balanceat GS31 ('First Node Detectable'), as anideal input for Revelation. If the weather
does not permit a split application, full rate‘CCC’ should be applied at GS31. Theaddition of Moddus or Canopy should beconsidered, especially if the crop has avery high yield potential, in order to furtherreduce crop height and lodging risk.
Earlier sown crops are more likely tobenefit from the additional PGRs. Wheresoil type, fertility, seasonal growth andprevious experience suggest a highlodging risk, a late season ethephon basedproduct (such as Terpal) could bebeneficial.
A managed approach should be adoptedwith Revelation by using a combination ofthe appropriate seed rate, controlling stembase diseases and correct nitrogen timingin conjunction with early spring PGRapplications.
Revelation - Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) Use
Preliminary testing suggests thatRevelation is susceptible to Chlorotoluron(CTU) based products, and these shouldnot be applied.
Herbicide Tolerance
Recent research work has shown thatwheat varieties can vary in their ability tosuppress blackgrass and that varietychoice should be part of a blackgrasscontrol strategy. Revelation is at presentundergoing testing by independentorganisations for its ability to competewith Blackgrass.
Blackgrass Control
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Revelation - Crop Nutrition
Nitrogen
With increasing scrutiny of nitrogen use, itis imperative that growers can justify theamount applied and should refer to DefraRB209, HGCA Guidelines or SAC TechnicalNote 625 (as appropriate) and use a FACTSqualified adviser when calculating therates to be applied to Revelation. Nitrogeninputs are again being questioned by bothscientists and growers as it is consideredthat the suggested input rates of nitrogenby the recommended guidelines are notsufficient to push for the extra yieldpotential available in the more recent,newly introduced wheats on the HGCA RL.Several projects are underway to give usanswers on this interactive topic.
Limagrain would suggest a three-way splitnitrogen application as being more reliablethan a two-way split approach. The idealtarget applications are based on the actualplant growth stage of the crop andcoincide with Zadoks GS30 (glumeprimordial stage), GS31/32 (terminalspikelet) and GS37 (flag leaf emergence).
The first application of nitrogen shouldconsist of no more than 50kgN/ha in mostcases and should be used with care on
Revelation. This dose can increase thethreat of disease and lodging; it could bereduced (or even omitted) if the crop is in afertile situation where too much earlyfertiliser would be detrimental. Welltillered (1000m2) crops do not neednitrogen fertiliser at this stage.
In backward or second / continuous wheatcrops, where a possible threat from Take-all exists, an increased first nitrogenapplication would be desirable to eitherpromote tillering or reduce the impact ofany infection that might occur.
The second application should be targetedjust prior to Zadoks GS32 or, to be moreaccurate, at the terminal spikelet stage.Careful monitoring at the crop stage,especially in earlier drilled crops, isessential for the correct timing of inputs.This should be the main nitrogenapplication - in the region of 100kgN/ha.
The third application, close to flag leafemergence (Zadoks GS37), delivers theremainder of the nitrogen required formaximum yield. In simple terms, thebreakdown of the three-split applicationsis 25% / 50% / 25%.
Sulphur and Beneficial Trace Elements
It is now well accepted that sulphurdeficiency is present in many soils in thecountry and therefore sulphur applicationsare desirable on most crops. Crops at thehighest risk from sulphur deficiency arethose grown in the lighter soils (chalks orsands), particularly where organic
manures are not used. Deficiency isbecoming more widespread and it is likelythat most wheat crops will benefit from asulphur application.
The best approach is to apply 15 – 20 kgS/ha (equivalent to 40 - 50 kg SO2/ha) inthe early spring, before stem extension.
15
This may be combined with the firstnitrogen application or split between thefirst and second applications. Laterapplications of sulphur may not be aseffective at dealing with sulphur deficiencyin wheat crops. There is a HGCA AdviceSheet on sulphur use, available fromwww.hgca.com
Trace elements such as manganese,copper, boron and iron are importantduring periods of rapid growth, especiallyaround “Terminal Spikelet”, (Zadoks GS31-32) and Flag Leaf emergence. A wholerange of foliar applications are available,with many commercial companies holdingsuch products in their portfolios. Your localagronomist should be consulted for adviceon such products. Limagrain products suchas Multimin and Multimax will ensure that
any transient deficiencies are met and willaid flowering synchronisation. The use ofmagnesium at T3 will help with grain filland will improve specific weight.
Refer to the HGCA Information Sheet 252013, Micronutrients for Cereals andOilseed Rape.
High grain prices have encouraged growersto grow for maximum yield, with theterminology of “high input = high outputproduction” usually being associated withthe more disease prone feed wheatvarieties. Revelation, with its excellentdisease resistance, gives growers theprospect of using a more cost effectivefungicide approach, combined with geneticsecurity - an important attribute when theweather dictates late applications ofchemistry at sub optimal growth stages.Disease resistance, together with fungicidechemistry, are an essential synergy for thelongevity of both plant and chemical
resistance. Usually fungicide programmeswill deliver an excellent return oninvestment.
Fungicide programmes for Revelationshould be targeted and the geneticdisease resistance package, as outlinedearlier (page 8), should be taken intoaccount when proposed sprayprogrammes are decided. The aim shouldbe to keep the crop reasonably cleanthroughout its growing season, withparticular emphasis on keeping the FlagLeaf and top two leaves disease free inorder to fulfil both yield and grain filling totheir full potential.
Revelation - Fungicide Programmes
16
Revelation is likely to benefit from fungicides being applied at the following key timings;
TO (Pre GS30)
This fungicide is frequently used as anearly pre-season ‘clean-up’, as insuranceto help with disease management later onand is particularly suitable for moredisease prone varieties.
Revelation is unlikely to require a routine
TO treatment but as the variety is suitablefor the early drilling slot on farm, diseasemonitoring is essential and if applicable, alow dose of triazole chemistry (perhapswith the consideration of Chlorothalonil)should be considered.
T1 (GS31-32)
The main disease to be targeted at thisstage will be Septoria tritici and thefungicide should be applied to keep leafthree disease free. Sprays should be basedaround a robust triazole component toensure eradication of the disease eitherindependently or as in a SDHI basedproduct (which have shown promisingresults applied at this stage). Again,Chlorothalonil may be a consideration butfirstly check with manufacturers guidelinesfor compatibility with some of the SDHIchemistry.
Revelation has good Mildew and Eyespotdisease ratings however early drilling ofthe variety may induce higher levels of thediseases. If they are present at this timingthen they will need to be catered for withinthe fungicide mix. There are a number ofvery effective mildewicides available in themarket, with several having combinedEyespot control. Products such as Prolineand Tracker are effective against Eyespotas well as being good at controllingSeptoria tritici.
T2 (GS37-39)
This is the key timing for ensuring goodyield potential for any wheat variety, withthe aim of keeping the top two leavesclean and maintaining Septoria control.Growers should ensure that a robustfungicide programme is used at this stageand Revelation is not an exception to thisphilosophy, but as the variety has verygood resistance to Septoria tritici, there isscope for the use of lower rates anddiffering cost effective chemistryprogrammes. It is important that sufficient
fungicide is applied at this time, not onlyto ensure plant protection from diseasebut to maintain the green leaf area of theupper leaves - a trait that manufacturersendorse as one of the benefits of the SDHIchemistry.
Revelation gives growers flexibility inproduct choice, ranging from Triazolechemistry with the addition ofchlorothalonil, through to the moreexpensive newer SDHI productformulations which, are generally mixed
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T3 (GS60 +)
Revelation has a very good rating forFusarium Ear Blight - a trait that becamevery visual in the summer of 2012. Anapplication of fungicide at ear emergencewill still be valuable to Revelation in orderto maintain disease control, provideprotection against other specific eardiseases and to help improve specificweight. A number of products areavailable, with those based around Proline(with or without an SDHI / Strobilurin),performing well at this timing. Thisapplication is very dependent on theseason and the risk factor involved fromboth leaf disease and ear disease; aquarter to a half label dose is appropriate,
usually for additional disease control, witha minimum of a half dose rate beingnecessary for Fusarium control.
As growers, it is vital to protect thedeclining list of fungicide products that westill have available for future cropproduction. It is advisable that chemistry,with differing modes of action, are usedwithin the programme to ensure potentialchemistry resistance is kept to a minimum.For more information, speak to your localadvisor or go online and search ‘FRAG UK’.The Fungicide Resistance Action Group –UK (FRAG-UK), is a forum which looks atfungicide resistance issues and publishesinformation and advice relevant to the UK.
with Triazole chemistry to give a robustchemical package that is not reliant on onechemical grouping. This chemistry hasproved to be very effective in both rust andSeptoria tritici control when a highincidence of disease levels have been
reported. Strobilurin chemistry should notbe excluded at this plant stage as it stillprovides very good rust protection and,like the SDHI chemistry, provides anadditional physiological effect ofmaintaining the green leaf area.
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In addition to the farmer trials mentionedearlier, Limagrain conducts its ownAgronomy Trials at the Limagrain wheatbreeding station in Woolpit, Suffolk toinvestigate the response of varieties todifferent fungicide regimes. Revelation hasundergone testing in the 2013 growingseason and was treated with acomprehensive range of fungicideprogrammes. The season was not a goodtest for variety versus chemistryinteraction, as a very late spring, combinedwith very high temperatures (30°C plus)recorded at the grain filling period resultedin low disease pressure.
Although no two seasons would appear tobe similar at present, it is important tolearn from these erratic climaticconditions, as they seem to be becomingtypical of the UK climate.
The focal point of the trial was to comparethe manufacturers’ recommendations afterthe season of 2012 – of using SDHIchemistry at T1 and T2 – in comparison tothe single treatment advised previously atthe T2 stage.
The treatments consisted of (also see Chart 7, page 19):
• Untreated
• HGCA Programme – designed to keepdisease levels to a minimum and tomeasure the genetic yield potential of avariety (very expensive programme cost)
• Triazole Treatment (relatively inexpensive)
• Programmes from Bayer, BASF, Syngentaand DuPont – based around T2 versus T1and T2 SDHI chemistry applications
• Note – TO and T3 chemical treatmentswere kept the same in all programmes soas to distinguish any differences in thefungicide strategy comparison
Limagrain are exclusively Seed Specialistsand are totally independent of CropProtection companies, which enables us tohave a very open view with regards tolooking at fungicide products from anymanufacturer. Our interest for this trial workis based around the interaction betweenplant genetics, i.e. disease resistance andfungicide chemistry, with the view thatvarieties differ in agronomic performance.
Our intention is not to provide a blueprintfor the growing of a variety with targetedfungicide inputs, but to give you a set ofdata from which you can make your ownassumptions, and use as an aid for youragronomic programme for the individualvariety. Of course we cannot test allchemistry, but the fungicide programmesare based around standard recommendedfungicide treatments.
Revelation – Response to Fungicides
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Fungicide Trials Data
Chart 7: Limagrain Fungicide Trial 2013, Fungicide Treatment List
As you can see from the fungicidetreatment list (Chart 7, above), there are arange of programme costs associated witheach treatment - ranging from the Triazoletreatment (£91), to the HGCA trialsProtocol treatment at £159 (all treatmentcosts are the mean of eight costings takenfrom chemical manufacturers, farming
groups and independent agronomists).
The price of chemistry is significant whenwheat prices are taken into consideration;when wheat prices are high, the growerwill usually obtain a good return oninvestment but unfortunately when grainprices are low, a more targeted approach isrequired to get a return.
Variety Fungicide Trial Site: Woolpit, Suffolk
Treatments/Costs
Code TO GS 30/31 T1 GS 32 T2 GS 39/45 T3 GS 60/65 TotalChemical L/Ha Chemical L/Ha Chemical L/Ha Chemical L/Ha Cost ££
1 Control Untreated Untreated Untreated Untreated 0
2 HGCA Justice 0.15 Tracker 1.5 Adexar 1.5 Prosaro 0.8CEL Ignite 0.75 Bravo 1 Bravo 1 Dursban (OBM) 0.6kg 159
Cyflamid 0.25
3 Triazole Justice 0.15 Prosaro 0.5 Ignite 0.75 Prosaro 0.8Ignite 0.75 Bravo 1 Bravo 1 Dursban (OBM) 0.6kg
91
4 Bayer 1 Justice 0.15 Firefly 1.35 Aviator 1 Prosaro 0.8Ignite 0.75 Bravo 1 Dursban (OBM) 0.6kg
121
5 Bayer 2 Justice 0.15 Aviator 1 Aviator 1 Prosaro 0.82 x SDHI Ignite 0.75 Dursban (OBM) 0.6kg
120
6 BASF 1 Justice 0.15 Ignite 0.75 Adexar 1.25 Prosaro 0.8Ignite 0.75 Bravo 1 Bravo 1 Dursban (OBM) 0.6kg
Comet 200 0.5 Comet 200 0.5 138
7 BASF 2 Justice 0.15 Tracker 1 Adexar 1.25 Prosaro 0.82 x SDHI Ignite 0.75 Bravo 1 Bravo 1 Dursban (OBM) 0.6kg
Comet 200 0.5 Comet 200 0.5 144
8 Syngenta 1 Justice 0.15 Amistar OPTI 1.25 Seguris 1 Prosaro 0.8Ignite 0.75 Opus Equiv 0.5 Dursban (OBM) 0.6kg
119
9 Syngenta 2 Justice 0.15 Seguris 0.8 Seguris 1 Prosaro 0.82 x SDHI Ignite 0.75 Bravo 1 Dursban (OBM) 0.6kg
132
10 DuPont Justice 0.15 Treoris 1.25 Treoris 1.75 Prosaro 0.82 x SDHI Ignite 0.75 Opus Equiv 0.75 Opus Equiv 1 Dursban (OBM) 0.6kg
137
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3
The yields and margin over fungicide costs for Revelation are presented in Chart 8, below. (Please refer to Chart 7, page 19 where Fungicide Treatments are listed).
Chart 8: Limagrain Fungicide Trial 2013, Yield and Margin Over Fungicide Cost
Yiel
d t/
ha
Mar
gin
over
fung
icid
e Co
st £
20
The yield data suggests that Revelationhas responded to all fungicideprogrammes in comparison to theuntreated trial, with the BASF programmeproducing the highest yield, having had atwo hit SDHI programme at T1 and T2, withthe addition of a Strobilurin.
Interestingly, the two spray SDHIprogramme approach has not outyieldedthe single T2 SDHI application, with theother manufacturers. This may be aseasonal effect of 2013, as the seriouslyhigh temperatures in the east of Englandhad a detrimental impact on yield, at thegrain filling period!
The Triazole programme still showed a
significant yield response over theuntreated, which demonstrates that theTriazole component, in most of the SDHIprogrammes, is essential for the longevityof the SDHI chemistry.
The picture changes when a margin overfungicide cost is calculated as follows:(Yield x £/tonne [£150] - fungicide cost).
As we have said previously, when thewheat price falls, the consequence for thegrower for return on investment becomes apossible price penalty, as can be seen bylooking at Chart 9, page 21 – margindifferences (£) of return of investment overfungicide cost.
As shown in Chart 9, only two of the
1600
1550
1500
1450
1400
1350
1300
1250
1200
11
10.75
10.5
10.25
10
9.75
9.5
9.25
9
8.75
8.5
8.25
8
Untreate
dHGCA
Triazo
le
Bayer 1
Bayer 2
BASF 1
BASF 2
Syngenta 1
Syngenta 2
Du Pont x2
Fungicide Treatment
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21
fungicide programmes gave a return oninvestment, compared to the untreatedprogramme. Although the results wereinfluenced by the season and low diseasepressure, they do show the importance of
matching fungicide use to the geneticresistance inherent in a variety such asRevelation and also shows how this isreflected in the final profit margin.
This is only one trial but having spoken tomany trials operators in the south east ofthe country, this was a true account ofwhat happened in the 2013 season.
The wet season of 2012 showedRevelation’s true performance in a high
disease pressure season. The independentvariety x fungicide interaction trialconducted by Agrii in 2012 (Charts 10 & 11,below and page 22) highlights the benefitsthat disease resistance offers to growers.
Chart 9: Margin over Fungicide Cost +/- (£)
£ +
/- M
argi
n D
iffe
renc
e ov
er U
ntre
ated
Tri
al 80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
Du Pont x2
Syngenta 2
Syngenta 1
BA
SF 2
BA
SF 1
Bayer 2
Bayer 1
Triazole
HG
CA
Untreated
Revelation
Chart 10: Agrii – Treatment List
Treatment Application A - TO (GS26-30) Application B - T1 (GS32) Application C - T2 (GS37-39) Application D - T3 (GS59-61)No. Products Rate/ha Products Rate/ha Products Rate/ha Products Rate/ha
1 Untreated – – – – – – –
2 – – – – Brutus + Imtrex 1.0 + 1.0 – –
3 Capalo 0.75 Boogie + Tucana 0.75 + 0.5 + 1.0 Brutus + Imtrex 1.0 + 1.0 Kestrel 0.7
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2012
22
The above trial (see also Chart 10, page 11for treatment list) was designed to providea comparison between untreated, singleT2 fungicide application and acomprehensive fungicide spray regimeconsisting of 4 spray timings. The T2 onlyspray is not to be considered as acommercial application by growers but isused to test both variety robustness fordisease resistance and screen botheradicant and protective properties of thechemistry application.
As can be seen from the yield data in Chart11, both Revelation and Cougar – the twovarieties that were the outstandingcandidates in the 2012 season for diseaseresistance, have very good untreated yield
performance which also carries throughinto the single T2 fungicide application.Treatment three highlights the highreliance on robust chemistry applicationsnecessary for full yield potential,especially in the case of the more diseaseprone varieties. This illustrates theimportance of disease resistance and theopportunities for both crop yield securityin a difficult season and the possibility ofreduced fungicide timings / inputs bygrowers with specific varieties.
The weather plays a significant part in thewheat’s true yield potential on farm andwith the very erratic weather patternsexperienced over the last five years, it ishard to make true meaningful judgements
Chart 11: Variety x Fungicide Interaction Yield Data - 2012Yi
eld
t/ha
of c
ontr
ol v
arie
ties
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3
Revela
tion
Leeds
Viscount
Cougar
KWS Santia
go
KWS K
ielder
Variety x Fungicide Interaction Trial. Site - Throws Farm, Essex
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2012
23
for agronomy inputs. A variety such asRevelation which has produced consistentyield potential over this period and hasexceptional disease resistance combinedwith good agronomic traits, ensures thatgrowers have a certain degree of securityon farm. Revelation offers reliability withgood grain attributes and several end usemarkets.
Disclaimer: The information in this document is for guidance only and does not constitute a recommendation.
Limagrain cannot accept any liability in connection with the use of this information.
Notes:Full data from the HGCA Recommended Lists database is available at www.hgca.com.
On the 1-9 scales, high figures indicate that a variety shows the character to a high degree.
1. ‘HGCA Recommended Lists’ is a registered trademark of the Home-Grown Cereals Authority
2. Jockey, Adexar, Canopy, Flexity, Opus, Terpal, and Tracker are registered trademarks of BASF ( www.agricentre.co.uk)
3. Prosaro, Aviator X-Pro, Deter, Jockey and Proline are registered trademarks of BayerCropScience (www.bayercropscience.co.uk)
4. Bravo, Moddus and Seguris are registered trademarks of Syngenta (www.syngenta-crop.co.uk)
5. Latitude is a registered trademark of Monsanto (www.monsanto.co.uk)
6. Talius and Treoris are registered trademarks of DuPont (www.dupont.com).
Always read the label. Use pesticides safely.
• Drill between early September and the end of October, adjusting the seed rate tosowing date and soil conditions
• Assess lodging risk and use sequential spring PGR applications in conjunctionwith seed rate, nitrogen timing and stem base disease control
• Use nitrogen recommendations following NVZ / RB 209 Regulations, which allowsfor the high yield potential of varieties like Revelation to be realised
• Revelation has excellent disease resistance, however a robust fungicideprogramme is still advised to fulfil the varieties full yield potential
Revelation - Husbandry Summary
This information is based on HGCA and Limagrain Agronomy data, and at the time of print isaccurate. Further information will be obtained over this growing season to ensure that thecorrect information for growers is maintained for the successful growing of Limagrain varietiesin the marketplace.
Whilst every care is taken to
produce reliable and accurate
guidelines, no liability can be
accepted for any use made of
this information.
05/2014
Limagrain UK, Rothwell, Market Rasen, Lincolnshire, LN7 6DT Tel: 01472 371471Fax: 01472 371386www.lgseeds.co.uk/revelationEmail: [email protected]